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海德格〈藝術作品起源〉中大地之說 / Illumination of “the Earth ”in Heidegger's “The Origin of Work of Art”陳文怡, Chen, Wen-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
伊底帕斯解答斯芬克斯之謎,同時拯救了人民的恐慌,但亦使自己陷入更驚駭的悲痛之中,這表現了斯芬克斯之謎本身蘊含歧義的意義;海德格繼《存有與時間》後的重要作品〈藝術作品起源〉中提出,可以發現與展開存有整體的是藝術作品,藝術作品的起源-藝術乃是謎,此謎可為謎,筆者認為即是海德格試圖說的處在拒絕被我們穿透的情況下才得以彰顯的「大地」之說,換言之,斯芬克斯之謎與藝術之謎的歧義是來自大地本身的狀態,由此,筆者以同時交織這兩件作品中謎的意義,作為本論文獨特的創作方式,如此寫作的安排是由於,一、筆者將伊底帕斯王的故事,作為海德格所強調的「藝術作品是存有物之真理的置入」的偉大作品,來理解海德格想要努力說而又難以說的〈起源〉中大地蘊含的深層意義。二、相較於單以海德格個人作品的論述,並連結評論者對〈起源〉的闡釋,以伊底帕斯之悲劇作為真理置入其中的藝術作品,除了要以蘊含真理的作品將大地意義拉出比〈起源〉本身未說出而更為廣大的理解領域外,同時也使海德格難懂的〈起源〉更為平易近人些。三、如此,除了闡釋與理解〈起源〉之大地,同時本文亦以此方式創建與表達出使大地成為大地的實踐意義。
論文前兩章是將海德格於三十年代使用「大地」一詞的來源詳加說明,首章即是由一個故事開始說起,繼之筆者將伊底帕斯故事中分為三部曲,相應於〈起源〉中三大段落的方式進行。首先,第一部曲是伊底帕斯解答斯芬克斯之謎語,這相應於〈物與作品〉中海德格說明傳統哲學對物之為何之解答,形同為走至娶母般的悲劇之中,但卻又富含歧義的蘊義。第二部曲是伊底帕斯通過祭司之語才發現自己到底是誰的轉折,而這連繫著人與神的祭司之語即為〈起源〉中的第二大段-〈作品與真理〉中所強調的,藝術作品乃可開展出存有整體之意義,最後,當伊底帕斯自掘雙目,浪跡天涯之際,以自身生命保持著大地的無可穿透的張顯狀態,即呈現了〈真理與藝術〉中所要闡釋的此有使大地成為大地。
在論文最後一章中,除了回應評論者們對大地諸多相異的看法外,筆者說明此論文的排序是要突顯起源就是其呈現,呈現的無非就是來自起源。起源的豐沛元素就由此有所擁有的世界中呈現,換言之,此文所展開的,只是開始創建我們自身故事的序幕。
關鍵詞:Heidegger、earth、the Origin of Work of Art、Oedipus
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女性主義與心理分析-Chorodow論母職再製 / Feminism and Psychoanalysis-The Reproduction of Mothering From Chodorow's Perspective楊蘭儀, Yuang, Lang Yi Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在從心理分析和女性主義的立場探討女性的母職對兩性人格發展
及其再製產生的影響,主要根據Nancy Chodorow的論述為依歸作此主題的
推演。發軔於十九世紀的女性主義經歷第一波、第二波婦運的洗禮及經濟
大蕭條、兩次世界大戰的衝擊,發展出各類因應時代變遷及婦女需求的理
論,由政權參與、經濟獨立、法律權利、婚姻自由、身體自主等議題一路
行來,歷經重重險阻,女性的母職始終是婦女排徊猶豫的十字路口,成為
今日女性主義者關注的焦點,因為它深刻地影響了女性的人格特質及兩性
關係的互動。 Chodorow以對象關係的理論基礎出發,佐以女性主義及社
會學的相關理論,融貫為其個人獨到精闢的見解。她由質疑女性母職的合
理性起始,詳細闡述女性的母職如何深植於人們的意識與潛意識之中的過
程及其對兩性人格發展及關係形成的影響。由於女性母職的排外與獨佔、
母親對兒子、女兒不同的態度,使得兩性在前伊底帕斯時期、伊底帕斯時
期的對象關係有不同的發展,其解決伊底帕斯情結的程度亦有所差異,此
導致日後兩性迴異的人格特質及感情關係。最顯著的差別是男性面對女性
時趨於防衛的態度,不善表達感情且將精力集於工作領域。女性則有在關
係中建立自我的需要,但是男性的封閉妨衛無法滿足女性的感情需求,若
轉向同性又有觸犯社會禁忌-同性戀之虞,女性惟有試圖由自己的孩子身
上尋得感情關係的滿足。由此,母子間密切的聯結再度形成,兩性的人格
特質及女性的母職便依此模式代代複製,循環不已。Chodorow認為解決之
道在於由兩性共同擔負撫育下一代的職責,使兩性孩童在均衡的親職中培
養相同的能力及平等的人格發展,以打破女性母職獨佔、再製的代代循環
,創造嶄新、開闊的兩性關係。本篇論文共分五章。第一章為前言,第二
章介紹女性主義興發的時代背景及各主要派別的基本論述;第三章說明心
理分析派女性主義的主要論點及心理分析與女性主義二者間的牽連;第四
章闡述Chodorow對女性母職產生、再製過程及其影響的詳細推演;第五章
為結論,評析Chodorow母職再製理論的貢獻和缺失。
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The Broken Swan: The Projection of the Fantastic in the Fairy Tale of Angela Carter's The Magic Toyshop / 破碎的天鵝:論奇幻之投射在安潔拉•卡特《魔幻玩具舖》童話故事中陳薇真, Chen, Wei-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
當代童話故事《魔幻玩具舖》再現個體於成長過程中父權與社會機制所壓抑與消音,尤其強調於成長過程中的伊底帕斯情節期。當代童話作者呈現幻滅與殘缺的社會寫實,以提供讀者真實世界的不全以及社會的異化,藉此使讀者不安;透過詭異(the uncanny)的閱讀經驗,讀者認知於自己潛意識中的壓抑,以及社會機制的缺陷。在童話的結構中最重要的為奇幻之要素,奇幻重視顯露社會中的異化與顛覆理性的成規,其建築在現實即為取得讀者之信任,然而推展至非真的境地以混淆讀者對於現實的概念;透過傾覆讀者的認知,奇幻創造出在現實規則中的間隙(breach)以及破壞權威的法則;奇幻以及童話故事的努力皆於尋求到一個更美好的家庭遠景。
第一章介紹童話的文類架構以及與奇幻的緊密關聯。第二章著重於童話理論以及其架構呈現的欲望與空缺(lack),讀者因認知到自我的伊底帕斯經驗與社會的異化而感到不安;奇幻要素則質問社會規則以及傾覆讀者對於社會秩序的概念。第三章為《魔幻玩具舖》的童話理論分析,以詭異的效果干擾讀者。第四章表明奇幻在《魔幻玩具舖》中的顛覆力量,模糊真與非真的界線以及在社會法規中創造出間隙開啟了被壓抑與壓迫發聲的可能性。最後一章以童話與奇幻要素顛覆父權社會機制作為總結。 / The modern fairy tale, The Magic Toyshop, copes with the issue of what is repressed and muffled under the social and patriarchal restraints through the growing process of a person, especially the oedipal stage. The modern fairy tale writer presents a disillusioned picture of reality, so as to provide the reader with the real conditions of deficiency and alienation in society and unsettle the reader. Through the reading process of the uncanny, the reader recognizes what has been repressed in his unconsciousness, and thus realizes the imperfectness of the society. In the structure of the fairy tale, the most important element is the fantastic which endeavors to reveal the reality of alienation and to subvert the rules of rationality. The fantastic is built on the real in order to gain the belief of the reader; however, it then develops to the realm of the unreal in order to blur the boundary between the real and the unreal. By upsetting the reader’s conception, the fantastic creates a breach in everyday reality and undermines authoritarian rules. The ultimate efforts of the fairy tale and the fantastic are made for the quest for a real homecoming.
The first chapter introduces the genre of the fairy tale and its high relevance to the fantastic. The second chapter focuses on the theory of the fairy tale and its significance in revealing what is underneath the structure, desire and lack. The reader is unsettled by recognizing his / her own oedipal experience and the alienated reality. The element of the fantastic questions the everyday rules of the social order and disturbs the reader’s perception. The third chapter is the textual analysis of the fairy tale structure and its uncanny effect on the reader as reflected in Carter’s The Magic Toyshop. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the subversive function of the fantastic in Carter’s novel. The boundary-blurring and breach-making process opens a possibility for what is repressed and oppressed. The final chapter concludes that the fairy tale and the element of the fantastic subvert the authoritative society of patriarchy.
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在史蒂芬‧金《鬼店》裡的明確表達與理解能力 / Articulateness and Intelligence in Stephen King's The Shining李佳賓, Lee,Jia Bin Unknown Date (has links)
出版於一九七七年的《鬼店》為史蒂芬‧金的第三部小說,探索的為恐怖文學裡其中一種刻畫,鬼故事。雪倫‧A‧拉塞爾給了一項令人信服的理由,何以她認為《鬼店》是一則鬼故事:「在鬼故事中,恐怖的來源來自於通常出沒某個特定地點的邪惡靈魂。」然而,《鬼店》不僅僅是一部單純的鬼故事小說,根據克萊爾‧韓森與史蒂文‧布拉姆的看法,《鬼店》是一宗可從精神分析角度切入的語言學習與退化案例。
在第一章「導論」裡,我提出本文論點:能否透過清楚說出與理解能力完成符徵(signifier)與符指(signified)的連結,決定了傑克與丹尼各自的命運。第二章「方法論」由我在本文中所用的方法構成,本章說明我如何運用席格蒙‧弗洛伊德的伊底帕斯情結(Oedipus Complex)、雅克‧拉岡的想像界(Imaginary Order)、象徵界(Symbolic Order)、實存 (The Real)、語言作為大他者的論述(Language as the Discourse of the Other)、縫合點(Points de Captions)。第三章欲探討的是傑克與丹尼的伊底帕斯情結,傑克的殞落可追溯至他的童年時期,丹尼的生存則可以他的現況加以分析。第四章「似乎他的生命全靠學習閱讀才得以維持」討論丹尼如何藉由語言學習,從想像界前進到象徵界並打破托倫斯家庭特有的父子關係循環,丹尼漸漸地學習如何連結符徵與符指,清楚地說出與理解這些符指及背後的符徵為丹尼鋪了一條歧異的路,透過這條路丹尼得以存活並成長。第五章「理性的蟄伏」將探討全景飯店如何藉由大他者/小他者的論述(The Discourse of the Other/ the other)誘惑傑克,也探討傑克的瘋狂如何藉由象徵界退化至想像界表現出來,我也會藉由瘋狂的其中一種症狀,不能掌握縫合點:越來越不能連結符徵與符指的情形闡述傑克如何變得偏執於並合理化自己的不當行為,例如殺掉他的妻兒。在第六章「結論」,我將簡述前面五章的要點,幫助讀者釐清本文的宗旨。 / The Shining (1977), Stephen King’s third novel, explores one of the horror genre’s characterizations, the ghost story. Sharon A. Russell gives a convincing reason why she considers The Shining a ghost story: “In the ghost story the origin of the horror comes from evil spirits who usually haunt a specific location.” However, The Shining is not merely a simplistic ghost story. According to Claire Hanson and Steven Bruhm, The Shining is a case of language acquisition and regression from a psycho-analytical perspective.
In Chapter One, “Introduction,” I issue my thesis statement that aptitude for articulation and intelligence of the signification determines each of Jack’s and Danny’s destinies. Chapter Two, “Methodology,” consists of the methodology I employ in the analysis of The Shining. That is, how I apply Sigmund Freud’s and Jacques Lacan’s theories, Frued’s Oedipus complex, and Lacan’s three orders, language as the discourse of the Other, and points de caption to this study of The Shining. The exploration of the Oedipus complex for Jack and Danny is Chapter Three’s subject matter. Jack’s downfall can be traced back to his own childhood, and Danny’s survival can be studied in terms of the exploration of his own status quo. In Chapter Four, “As though His Life Depended on Learning to Read,” I discuss Danny’s progression from the imaginary order into the symbolic order and breaking away from “the wounded father-son cycle” (Davenport) in terms of his increasing acquirement of language. That is to say, Danny learns to decipher the signifiers and to make significations between the signifiers and the signifieds. Articulation and intelligence of such signifiers pave a divergent way for Danny as a survivor and an adult in the story.” In Chapter Five, “The Sleep of Reason,” I elaborate upon how the Overlook entrances Jack by means of the discourse of the Other/evil other and how Jack’s insanity can be manifested in terms of his regression from the symbolic order into the imaginary order. I will take advantage of one of the symptoms, failing in the grasp of points de captions, increasingly failing to catch the interdependent relationship between the signifier and the signified, to expound how Jack becomes paranoid and self-justified in his wrongdoing and misbehavior, such as to murder Danny and Wendy in conformity to the former caretaker’s indication. In Chapter Six, “Conclusion,” I summarize the previous points to help the readers further understand the thesis’ purpose.
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