科技競爭力是經濟持續成長的動力，而政府、企業與國家之整體科技能量為發展科技經濟的重要支柱。於全球科技經濟的持續發展之下，研發（R&D）的投入、創新（Innovation）的擴散，並逐漸在以知識（Knowledge）作為競爭基礎的全球化社會與網際網路時代中日益重要，而在此趨勢之下，企業除了應積極規劃產業轉型，政府創新政策（Innovation Policy）的支持更是不可或缺的條件，各國家莫不體認到「創新能力」是現代國家競爭力的重要關鍵。 美國在甘乃迪總統時代，便將「創新政策（Innovation Policy）」視為政府產業科技政策中非常重要的一環，其目的在獎勵新興產業中之科技創新，因其能符合國家的需求及達到改善經濟情勢的目標，但由於私人企業的資源有限，無法在有限的時間及預算內開發出符合社會大眾需求的產品。所以，甘乃迪主張政府應負責主導產業科技創新發展的方向，同時政府應提供企業界財力及其它資源上的補助。 創新相關的概念逐步發展，到晚近十多年，西歐幾個國家包括丹麥、瑞典和英國的產業經濟與政策研究學者，開始提倡「國家創新系統（National Innovation System）」的概念。過去，人們直接將科學系統（Science system）視為唯一的創新指標（Innovation indicator），科學投入（Science input，如R&D預算）的增加直接助長創新及科技的發展。這個以科技推力為主的簡單線性關係模型的觀念已被「系統式模式（Systemic approaches）」所取代。 亦即創新為研究、發展、行銷、擴散（Research, development, marketing, diffusion）每一階段交互作用的成果，而非單單是R&D的投入面而已，也就是說創新活動來自創新系統（Innovation system）中每一成員（如政府、大學、私人企業）及每一步驟（研究、發展、行銷、擴散）的交互作用等，而不只是學術界與R&D的事而已。 歐州近年來針對創新政策相關議題多所著墨，而自2000年開始，荷蘭、比利時是歐洲中於國家競爭力上有卓越表現的國家，而基於版圖規模和經濟特質，在科技產業之推動與創新政策之發展上，以上各國顯然有許多值得臺灣借鏡與學習的地方，本研究期望對荷蘭、比利時二國創新政策做深入淺出的剖析，並以國家創新系統為依歸，歸納出對正努力邁向知識密集、附加價值的臺灣一個值得參考之啟示與學習典範。 / Technological competitive strength is the power for the continuous growth of the economy. And the technological power of the government, enterprises and the country is the critical mainstay of the development of technological economy. Under the continuous development of the world economy, the investment on R&D and the spread of innovation become more important in the competition with the knowledge base in the global world and internet era. Under this trend, besides planning the transform of the products, the enterprise needs the government's Innovation Policy as a necessary factor. All the countries realize that Innovation is the key to the modern nations' competitive strength. During the Kennedy period, the U.S. regards Innovation Policy as a most important part of the government's high-technology industry. The aim is to encourage the technological innovation in the new industry, because it conforms to the country's needs and may improve the economic condition. However, as the private enterprises have limited power and cannot produce the products conforming with people's needs during a time limit. Therefore, Kennedy advocates that government should be responsible to lead the industrial technology, and provides some monetary and other aids. Concepts relating to innovation are gradually developing. In the recent ten years, theory studying scholars from western European countries, including Denmark, Sweden and U.K., begin to advocate National Innovation System. In the past, people regard Science system as the only Innovation indicator, thinking that the growth of Science input will directly foster innovation and the development of technology. This simple linar model has already been replaced by Systemic approaches; that is, innovation is not the result by R&D but the result of the co-operation of research, development, marketing, diffusion. It can also be interpreted that innovation comes from every single member (such as the government, university, private enterprise) and every step, not just the academic circles and R&D. In the recent years, Europe has a lot of works on innovation policy. Since 2000, Netherlands and Belgium are marvelous countries. As for the domain size and the economy quality, Taiwan needs to learn from the above countries on the development of technology industry and innovation policy. The research expects deep analysis on the innovation policies of this three countries; in the meantime, arranges a valuable example for Taiwan on the way to knowledge-intensive and value added.

公共服務的來臨，政府單位不斷用心發展更積極創新的作為以提升各項業務服務品質，創新的政策對於政府效能與國民福祉的提升有非常重要的地位，然而優質的政策並不容易提出，在創意開發的運用實例上，不乏國際大企業利用預測市場的網路平台開發公司員工的集體智慧或匯聚眾人資訊協助企業進行決策，因此本文欲以創意市場運用在高雄市政府開發創新政策，探究此機制是否有助於提升市府的施政品質。 本研究內容主要根據政治大學童振源教授與高雄市政府合作之「高雄市發展政策創新與評鑑計畫」，從旁觀察紀錄，事後以質性研究法與量化研究法，檢證創意市場在政府部門的可行性，期能將創意市場機制應用在公部門體系，成為促進政府創新改革重要方法之一。計畫透過提案階段、書審階段、初選階段、決選階段，以虛擬貨幣的方式交易評鑑，判斷提案之優劣，選出最佳創新政策。 研究結果發現獲選之最佳創新政策提案在可行性、創新程度、預期效益、符合市民需求、對高雄發展有利、建議市府採用等指標均獲得相當程度認同，值得高雄市政府深入檢視與評估，進一步規劃相關的政策配套與執行方案。政策創新市場提供基層同仁參與政策產生與決策的機會，營造一個可溝通、討論的平台，使政策在眾人的互相激盪與琢磨之下，能夠更多元、更豐富。而未來有更健全的配套措施與實施辦法後，期望能開放一般民眾加入政策的開發與評鑑，以增加市民對市政議題的關注、參與及認同，提升高雄市政府在市民心中的認同感。 / The coming of public service causes that the government agencies continuously develop more positive and innovative conducts by heart to improve service quality for various businesses. Innovative policy occupies an important place in the promotion of government effectiveness and national welfare. However, it’s not so easy to put forward a good quality policy. For living examples applied in creative development, there is no lack of large-sized international companies using collective intelligence of employees in network platform development companies engaged in market predicting, or collecting people’s information to assist company’s decision-making. Therefore, this article intends to use idea marketplace in Kaohsiung City Government to develop innovative policy and explore if this mechanism contributes to the improvement of city government’s administrative quality. The contents of this study mainly based on “Innovation and Assessment Program for Kaohsiung City’s Development Policies” under the cooperation between Professor Tung, Chen-Yuan of Chengchi University and Kaohsiung City Government, recording and watching from the sideline, using qualitative and quantitative research methods afterwards to verify the feasibility of idea marketplace in government sectors, which is expecting to apply the mechanism of idea marketplace in public sector system and become one of important ways to improve the government’s innovation and reform. The best innovative policy will be selected from this program through the stage of proposal, written review, primary selection and final selection to judge the strength and weakness of the proposal with the assessment of virtual currency trading. Research results found that the selected proposal for the best innovative policy in the feasibility, degree of innovation and predicted effectiveness complies with the demand of the citizens and benefits to the development of Kaohsiung City. This study proposed the city government to adopt such indicators to obtain a considerable degree of identification, which is worth of Kaohsiung City Government’s deep review and evaluation for further planning of the relevant policy set and implementation scheme. Policy idea marketplace provides colleagues at the basic level with the opportunities to participate in policy generating and decision-making, building a platform for communication and discussion, and enabling the policy to be more multiple and plentiful under people’s mutual brainstorming and study. After more healthy supporting measures and implementation methods in the future, this study hopes to open the development and assessment of policy for general public so as to increase citizen’s concern about, participation in and identification of municipal issues and improve the acceptance of Kaohsiung City Government in citizen’s heart.

如何永續發展已成為人類面臨的重大議題，依據先進國外之經驗，透過智慧電網之相關技術，可以有效的提升能源效率與達成節能減碳之目的。在國外建置智慧電網的過程中，往往從先進讀表基礎建設(Advanced Metering Infrastructure, AMI)切入，AMI對往後智慧電網的延伸發展有很大的影響。 因此，本研究旨在探討我國未來發展AMI創新政策之關鍵因素和其優先排序。首先藉由蒐集次級資料瞭解主要先進國家的AMI相關發展經驗，以及目前我國AMI的發展現況，再透過文獻探討國家創新政策，並以Rothwell &Zegveld之國家創新政策理論作為基礎架構，建立層級結構，運用模糊層級分析法(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, FAHP )，針對國內AMI之相關產官學人員進行專家問卷調查，並整理出各項政策因素的權重排序，求出影響台灣發展AMI之創新政策關鍵因素。 從本研究實證結果顯示主層級之三項政策構面中相對權重最重的是「環境面」，在次層級十二項政策工具中，「公共服務」、「資訊服務」、「法規管制」的相對總權重最重，其為目前台灣發展AMI創新政策中最急需政府優先考量的關鍵因素。 / The sustainable development has become major issue for human. According to the experience of foreign advanced countries, it can achieve the purpose effectively of improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions through the related technologies of smart grid. In the process of building smart grid abroad, it often cuts into the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). AMI has a great influence on the future extending development of the smart grid. Therefore, the study explores the key factors and precedence of AMI innovation policy in future development of our country. First, understanding the relative development experience of AMI in major advanced countries through collecting the secondary data and the current development situation of AMI in our country. Second, exploring country innovation policy through literature review, and taking theory of Rothwell & Zegveld as infrastructure to build up hierarchical structure, and using FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to conduct experts survey for relative persons of industry - government - academy of domestic AMI. Then, collating the sort weights for various policy factors. Finally, finding out key factors that affect development of Taiwan’s AMI innovation policy. From the empirical results of the research shows that the most important relative weights in three main policy dimensions of the hierarchy is the “environmental surface”. The relative total weights of “public service”, “information service” ,“regulation control” and “political strategic policies” are the highest among twelve policies. They are key factor of most urgent priority for government to consider among developing AMI innovation policies in current Taiwan.