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企業型政府與電影產業:以台灣、韓國電影產業發展為例 / Entrepreneurial government and film industry: Taiwan’s and Korea’s film industry蔣如嵐, Chiang, Ju Lan Unknown Date (has links)
台灣與韓國同在2000年前後開始發展文化創意產業,電影是其中一項重要的發展項目。電影產業包含的專業層面廣,具有帶領文創產業發展的角色。兩國的電影產業各自經歷過輝煌期,然而發展至今,台灣電影不管是在產量、數目、票房上皆不及韓國,本文企圖去探究造成今日電影發展局面差異的原因。
本文的研究觀點認為台灣與韓國在電影產業上發展的最大差異在於是否提供一個友善電影發展的環境契機,友善環境必須依靠政府、企業、社會去共同打造,而在創造電影友善環境的過程中,政府部門若能融入企業家精神,轉向領導式、追求市場導向、目標導向、滿足顧客需求的企業型政府,將有助於電影產業的振興。因此本文以文獻分析去進行台灣與韓國兩者的比較研究,從企業型政府的特色出發,去分析兩國在政府決策、政府組織、電影產業結構、電影資金、經濟環境及企業結構等方面的差異,企圖找出台灣電影產業外來的出路。
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我國公務人員人事管理改革之研究-英、美文官彈性管理的啟示程本清, Cherng, Been-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
「夫爭天下者,必先爭人。」大爭之世,人才是第一要素。『武經總要』亦云,「夫大將受任,必先料人,知其材力之勇卻、藝能之精粗,所使人各當其分,此軍之善政也 」。美國鋼鐵大王卡內基曾說:「將我所有的工廠、設備、市場、資金全部奪去,但只要保留我的組織人員,四年之後,我仍將是個鋼鐵大王。」然而,「良禽擇木而棲,賢臣擇主而事。」非有良好的人事制度亦無法相得益彰。因此,如何識人?如何用人?如何運用良好的制度留住優秀人才,不論在歷朝歷代或國內國外,都是孜孜探求的問題。
就系統途徑(systems approach)的觀點而言,文官體系需能與外在環境保持高度互動,透過「界限防守」(boundary-spanning)措施的過濾與揀選,吸收合格的優秀人才服務公職,提昇公務人力素質,一方面可降低文官體系的「能驅疲現象」(entropy),另方面更可提昇行政業務的效能與公平,為社會謀取公共利益。一九八0年代,美國雷根總統和英國首相柴契爾夫人有鑑於該國官僚體制呈現無效率、抗拒改革等現象,不約而同的大力推動文官制度改革,我國政府在此風潮中,也進行了重大文官制度改革--兩制合一人事制度的建立。一九九0年代,美國推動「全國績效評估」(National Performance Review,NPR),英國則進行「續階計畫」(Next Step Program)、「效率小組」(Efficient Unit)、公民誓約(Citizen Charter)等。這麼多重大改革措施驟然出現在同時段,只有一個現象可以說明:世界各地的民眾普遍對政府的服務不滿,執政者急著以改造行動來挽回民眾對政府的信心。雖然這些改革並非直接對著文官制度而來,但是他們是推動改革的執行者,因此,文官制度勢必要有更大的變革,以應付未來的挑戰。
經本文研究發現,美國文官制度改革史正如美國行政學的發展一般,呈現了多元價值的衝激與反應,這些改變通常是回應變遷中的政治價值;英國文官改革的發現,顯示出它在歷經世紀的政治、社會、經濟變化下,本身的調整和適應能力,它回應了政府角色、新技術、新知識和日漸複雜經濟情況的各項變化。本文經歸納英、美文官制度改革之主要原則如下:
一、人事政策減少法律化與管制化。
二、企業管理精神與市場機制融入文官體系的變革。
三、人事業務不再以集權式的方式管理。
四、文官體制的改革理念需要政治面的支持。
五、公務人力的彈性管理時機已趨成熟。
六、文官體制的改革可由小而大循序漸進。
本文經參考英美文官制度,以顧客服務、績效導向、競爭與誘因並重、解除管制等企業精神為取向,所採取的彈性做法,以現行兩制合一之新人事制度主要四法為主軸,分析我國人事管理制度,並以SWOT方法檢視我國人事制度改革之優勢(strengths)、劣勢(weakness)、所面臨的機會(opportunities)與威脅(threats)等,結果發現:
一、我國人事制度歷經多次重大變革,部分人事法規已不符當前政經社會快速轉型需要。
二、過去法令常以防弊為出發點,不符現代化行政積極興利的要求。
三、我國人事制度歷經數十年繁衍生長,已日趨龐大複雜,形成人事管理僵化及相互掣肘的現象。
最後,本文參考英、美兩國文官彈性管理的做法,再提出適合我國國情之建議意見,俾使人事制度更具服務取向、功績取向,以營造一個更能激勵員工士氣、發揮人員潛能,富有人性及彈性的行政空間。
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創意政策的開發與評鑑: 以高雄市政策創新發展為例 / The Development and Evaluation of Creative Policies: A Case Study of Kaohsiung City Innovative Policies楊婷安, Yang, Ting An Unknown Date (has links)
公共服務的來臨,政府單位不斷用心發展更積極創新的作為以提升各項業務服務品質,創新的政策對於政府效能與國民福祉的提升有非常重要的地位,然而優質的政策並不容易提出,在創意開發的運用實例上,不乏國際大企業利用預測市場的網路平台開發公司員工的集體智慧或匯聚眾人資訊協助企業進行決策,因此本文欲以創意市場運用在高雄市政府開發創新政策,探究此機制是否有助於提升市府的施政品質。
本研究內容主要根據政治大學童振源教授與高雄市政府合作之「高雄市發展政策創新與評鑑計畫」,從旁觀察紀錄,事後以質性研究法與量化研究法,檢證創意市場在政府部門的可行性,期能將創意市場機制應用在公部門體系,成為促進政府創新改革重要方法之一。計畫透過提案階段、書審階段、初選階段、決選階段,以虛擬貨幣的方式交易評鑑,判斷提案之優劣,選出最佳創新政策。
研究結果發現獲選之最佳創新政策提案在可行性、創新程度、預期效益、符合市民需求、對高雄發展有利、建議市府採用等指標均獲得相當程度認同,值得高雄市政府深入檢視與評估,進一步規劃相關的政策配套與執行方案。政策創新市場提供基層同仁參與政策產生與決策的機會,營造一個可溝通、討論的平台,使政策在眾人的互相激盪與琢磨之下,能夠更多元、更豐富。而未來有更健全的配套措施與實施辦法後,期望能開放一般民眾加入政策的開發與評鑑,以增加市民對市政議題的關注、參與及認同,提升高雄市政府在市民心中的認同感。 / The coming of public service causes that the government agencies continuously develop more positive and innovative conducts by heart to improve service quality for various businesses. Innovative policy occupies an important place in the promotion of government effectiveness and national welfare. However, it’s not so easy to put forward a good quality policy. For living examples applied in creative development, there is no lack of large-sized international companies using collective intelligence of employees in network platform development companies engaged in market predicting, or collecting people’s information to assist company’s decision-making. Therefore, this article intends to use idea marketplace in Kaohsiung City Government to develop innovative policy and explore if this mechanism contributes to the improvement of city government’s administrative quality.
The contents of this study mainly based on “Innovation and Assessment Program for Kaohsiung City’s Development Policies” under the cooperation between Professor Tung, Chen-Yuan of Chengchi University and Kaohsiung City Government, recording and watching from the sideline, using qualitative and quantitative research methods afterwards to verify the feasibility of idea marketplace in government sectors, which is expecting to apply the mechanism of idea marketplace in public sector system and become one of important ways to improve the government’s innovation and reform. The best innovative policy will be selected from this program through the stage of proposal, written review, primary selection and final selection to judge the strength and weakness of the proposal with the assessment of virtual currency trading.
Research results found that the selected proposal for the best innovative policy in the feasibility, degree of innovation and predicted effectiveness complies with the demand of the citizens and benefits to the development of Kaohsiung City. This study proposed the city government to adopt such indicators to obtain a considerable degree of identification, which is worth of Kaohsiung City Government’s deep review and evaluation for further planning of the relevant policy set and implementation scheme. Policy idea marketplace provides colleagues at the basic level with the opportunities to participate in policy generating and decision-making, building a platform for communication and discussion, and enabling the policy to be more multiple and plentiful under people’s mutual brainstorming and study. After more healthy supporting measures and implementation methods in the future, this study hopes to open the development and assessment of policy for general public so as to increase citizen’s concern about, participation in and identification of municipal issues and improve the acceptance of Kaohsiung City Government in citizen’s heart.
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民間參與國民教育興學法制之研究--以特許學校為中心朱敏賢 Unknown Date (has links)
學校教育為國家培養人才庫最具組織成效之社會系統,而學校教育目前亦成為輿論批評最為強烈之教育體系。本論文嘗試以法學為經,以經濟學、公共行政學、教育學等為緯,針對近年受新自由主義影響所開展之行政改革理念,進而觸及之公立國民學校法制改革課題,主要係以公部門及私部門有互相合作、共創雙贏之可能性為觀點,討論民間參與國民教育興辦之最新合作模式。
公立學校之改造模式,在教育改革之理論與實際均有多元發展,但美國特許學校制度則為近年獲聯邦及多數州支持之新法制,且特許學校被評價為公立學校成功之改造類型。該制度主要係透過解除法令管制手段,容許主管機關以特許使私人參與公立學校辦學,辦學者可透過引進專家、競爭觀念、自主、選擇及績效責任等機制,形成獨立性高之新型公立學校教育體制,賦予此類學校展現更具多元化及創造性之辦學環境,其亦屬廣義公立學校委託私人經營模式之一。本論文借重美國成功發展之特許學校法制及實際辦學經驗,期待我國學界及教育主管機關於積極繼受此法制之同時,亦得深切體認我國自身之教育環境與文化背景,建立適合本土教育之制度,並更兼顧教育之卓越與公平。
本文之法學分析途徑,除藉由比較法之觀察外,並以我國憲法及行政法規範體系作為論述基礎,試圖開發我國國民教育法及特許學校法制之原理原則,以作為目前相關立法草案之參考,及期望有助於我國相關類型學校興辦之完善。 / A Charter School’s Research of Law Institutions in None-Governmental Participant in Education
School education is an organized social system for nations human resource cultivation, which has becomes the most fiercely criticism in present though. Besides, the ideal of transformation under the influences of latest New Liberalism, has been approached the debate of institutional reform in public school in consequences. So, our thesis applied some methodologies such as laws, economics, public administrations, pedagogies and some other knowledge domains, primary focusing on public and private sectors’ collaboration issues, enabling to create a win-win outcome as prospect, and discussing the latest cooperation model for non-governmental participant in education.
In fact, public school transformation model in theory and practice for educational reform is already advanced. However, American Charter School System, appraised as a successful transformational type of public school, is supported by new law institutions of Federal and many other states in recent years. Through its decretal deregulation may permit competent authority’s establishers who privately participate in public school establishment with “brain-gaining” experts, competitive concept, independence, selection, accountability and other mechanisms by using Charter.
Therefore, a new typical educational system conferred the environment school establishment in more plural and creative way is arised. Our thesis adduced from a successful establishment of American Charter School’s experience before acdemic fields and competent authorities of education implementing the law institutions. In addition, in order to consider the difference of educational environment or culture background, selecting the appropriate pedagogy for country is the first priority we expected.
Finally, as a reference for related legislation and expectation to support school establishment, we are not only using a comparison method for extensional observation, but also trying to develop a pattern for nations’ pedagogy and Charter School institution.
Keywords:
Charter School, Nations Education, non-government education, public school, New Liberalism, Cooperated Nations, Public Private Partnership, the third route, educational reform, transformation of organizing, deregulation, Privatization, parents’ educational right, parents’ right to choose, elasticity, plural principle, neutrality principle, relenting principle, municipal governance, administrative contract, performance doctrine
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