“Premium services will be offered by a cup of coffee” which is a relatively new business model in Taiwan. Thanks to the internet booming in recent years, it becomes less and less difficult for people to create new businesses; which leads to co-working spaces largely increasing their numbers in the world, especially in the U.S.A. and in Europe. It has become a global trend where people go to work and go to socialize. However, there are few co-working spaces existing in Asia, especially in Taiwan; their spaces are not cheap or one has to pay membership fee. You may or may not ever hear about the “Garage Café” in Beijing which is currently running a very successful business. It offers a low cost but high efficiency work space to entrepreneurs, start-up companies and many young people who have dreams of doing business. Our ideal is to introduce this type of business model in Taiwan; our goal is not aimed to make big profits but to bring a lot of business opportunities to boost the Taiwanese economy and to lead Taiwanese products to global markets.

近年我國人口老化趨勢情形，照護人力又長期不足，年輕人從業意願低，已成為沉重問題，而長期照顧工作工作時間長且社會認同度低，使得老人照護人力與服務品質無法提升，長照人力如此之困境，於公部門長期照顧機構首當其衝。臺北市立浩然敬老院為照顧臺北市弱勢族群之公立公費之老人安養機構，並自101年起由安養機構轉型為安養、養護、失智、長照之多層級照顧機構，提供老人多層級連續性照顧，除有上述人力不足難題外，其勞動條件及薪資福利待遇又因不同進用身分而有薪資差別待遇問題，此為我國公部門長期照顧機構急需改善的困境。本研究針對該院照顧服務員工作概況、勞動條件與權益等問題進行訪談，再將訪談結果予以歸納，整理公部門照服員在現行體制中所面臨的問題與保障不足之處，並期提出完善勞動條件、建立專業分級培訓與升遷機制，以充實照顧服務人力，健全當前長期照顧服務施政改進對策。 / In recent years, there has been an increasing demographic shift in Taiwan’s elderly population. However, as there is currently insufficient resource in terms of long-term care, and young people have decreased work aspirations, this issue has become major problem; long-term care work requires long working hours, and these care workers have a low status in society, so elderly care and service quality haven’t improved. The long-term care institutions within the public sector face these elderly care issues. Taipei City has a large number of elderly people that it needs to take care of within its public welfare system and institutions for the elderly. Since 2012, nursing institutions have provided the elderly with multi-level continuous care in terms of nursing, care, dementia, and long-term multi-level care-giving. In addition to the above-mentioned manpower shortage isues, the working conditions and salary packages have been variable due to different status and treatment issues, which is why long-term public care institutions in Taiwan require attention to improve the long-term care situation. In this study, we interviewed the nursing staff to ascertain the general situation of long-term care institutions, as well as the working conditions and staff rights. The results of these interviews were then summarized to determine problems related to public sector care-giving in the existing system, such as when insufficient care is provided, and how to greatly improve the working conditions through the establishment of professional graded training and a promotional system that improves care services. The improvement of current long-term care services needs to be established through policy measures.

我國兩性工作平等法（以下簡稱兩平法）自民國九十一年三月八日施行，迄今已五年，兩平法之立法不但符合禁止就業上性別歧視之國際潮流，也與我國日益重視女性就業問題之需求息息相關，更為性別平等理念之實現，向前邁進一大步。依據現有就業歧視案例，有百分之九十以上都是屬於性別歧視案件。所謂「性別歧視」係指在工作職場中，求職者或受雇者因其性別，而受到雇主不公平待遇。禁止性別歧視之精神，在於性別乃個人與生俱來，所無法改變的特質。因此，由於本身無法改變的特質，而在工作職場中受到不平等待遇是不合理的。所以不論在工作職種、職位、薪資、升遷、訓練、退休條件等，只要工作相當及能力相等，均不得有性別歧視之情形。 根據行政院勞工委員會之統計資料，累計至95年12月底止，各縣市計受理申訴案件446件，經移送評議件數329件。91至95年底評議件數計329件，其中以性別歧視居首達205件（包括離職或解僱98件，婚育歧視53件），性騷擾119件，因產假之申訴案件計44件。我國職場中較為常見之性別歧視案例類型有：招募歧視、晉升歧視、同工不同酬、婚育歧視（包含婚姻歧視及懷孕歧視）以及性騷擾。 本研究共分六部分，前五部分為緒論、我國促進職場兩性平等理論基礎、相關法制之介紹與事業單位執行情形、國際組織及美國有關促進職場兩性平等措施與規定、我國職場常見性別歧視案例類型暨法院判決案例介紹與分析，以及結論與建議等五章，最後一部分則為參考文獻。茲將各章所探討之內容分述如下： 第一章為緒論，說明本文之研究動機與背景、研究範圍與限制、研究方法與研究架構、文獻分析與名詞釋義。 第二章為我國促進職場兩性平等理論基礎與相關法制之介紹，首將透過憲法中有關兩性工作平等條文規定，以及工作權、平等權內涵之論述，深入瞭解兩性工作平等的理論基礎後，復將我國落實兩性工作平等相關法令與兩性工作平等法之立法淵源與規範內容及我國兩性工作平等法中所規定之公部門與私部門、事業單位內部及外部申訴、救濟制度與其他法律救濟途徑，於本章中說明，末將國內事業單位執行兩平法相關規定之情形加以說明。 第三章為國際組織及美國有關促進職場兩性平等措施與規定，透過對於聯合國及國際勞工組織有關促進職場兩性平等相關公約及美國重要法律與總統行政命令、平等就業機會委員會之簡介，以瞭解國際間有關消除職場性別歧視、促進兩性平等此一議題之進展及其立法趨勢。 第四章為我國職場常見性別歧視案例類型暨法院判決案例介紹與分析，從實務角度觀察在我國職場中常見之性別歧視案例類型，輔以實際案例或法院判決內容介紹方式，探討並瞭解招募歧視、晉升歧視、同工同酬、懷孕歧視、職場性騷擾等問題在我國發生之情形。 第五章為結論與建議，綜合本文各章論述提供建議。 最後則列出參考文獻與附錄供參。

本論文的研究主體為文化衝突與適應，並以伊甸基金會作為主要觀察對象，故研究主軸便是自伊甸基金會的服務過程中，來探討組織與其服務對象在面對文化衝突時的適應情形。伊甸的文化衝突問題，又可以其服務據點分為海外與國內兩個案例。海外的部分則以2005年在泰國蘭塔島成立的分會為例，國內的部分則以志工發展中心為例。這兩者分別突出文化元素中，語言和宗教的重要性。伊甸在蘭塔的服務過程裡所遭遇的文化衝突問題，分別自語言困境、宗教差異與民情步調三方面切入。結果顯示服務過程裡的困境與文化差異所造成的衝突，其實是一而二二而一的問題。志工發展中心是伊甸最具基督教色彩之中心，且中心同工又是志工主要的接觸對象，故基督教與同工志工的關係便更顯重要。結果顯示一個人接觸宗教的環境與時間，是決定其對該宗教態度的關鍵。同工宣揚福音的態度與方式，以及志工本身對宗教信仰的看法，也都影響志工對基督教的接受程度。最後回歸到文化衝突現象的分析，並以此呼應文化變遷理論與文化間傳播。得知衝突的形成難以簡單歸納至單一因素上，其背後往往藏有許多複雜的緣由。是否能達成跨文化適應，就得看能否找出形成衝突的原因。