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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

員工分紅對股價的影響-以賽局分析

高 廷, Kao ,Tin Unknown Date (has links)
國內企業慣以員工分紅來犒賞員工,也由於其特殊的會計入帳方式,導致在這個問題上的爭論不休。關於員工分紅的實證研究不少,但相關的理論模型卻一直缺乏。因此,本研究將透過聲譽效果理論模型的建立,推導出員工分紅確實可以作為一個分辨好壞公司的訊號,並且進而求出股價和員工分紅之間的關係。模型結論顯示,當員工分紅程度越高時,股東對於公司的評價也就越低,兩者之間存在反向的關係。 / Profit sharing is an important instrument for the entrepreneurs to reward their employees. There are many disputes over this issue because of its particular accounting method. Many researchers have devoted themselves to econometric analysis of profit sharing empirically, but there is deficient in the theoretical model about this topic. In this thesis, we will build a reputation effect game theory to model profit sharing, and obtain a separating equilibrium, in which the profit sharing is a good signal to distinguish good managers and bad managers. Moreover, we reach the conclusion that stock price and profit sharing have a negative relation.
2

員工分紅配股之研究及其他員工激勵制度比較

郭恭克 Unknown Date (has links)
國內員工分紅配股在2002年第三季開始引起投資人質疑,但 國內各界對此問題尚未取得完全共識,相關法令之修訂亦遲無進展,上市櫃公司在2004年仍以2003年稅後純益大量配發員工分紅(含現金紅利及股票紅利),但員工分紅仍以資訊電子業為最普遍且市場超過一半的員工分紅金額集中在排名前15名公司、員工分紅以公司內部高層經營者為主、高員工分紅比率者以中小型電子股居多、員工分 紅按市價計算佔公司稅後純益仍居高不下,影響股東權益仍極為嚴 重。 本研究主要探討員工分紅配股對原股東權益的影響,以作為投資人擬訂投資分析決策之參考,研究發現: 1.按面額配股,高股價、填權與否不影響期末股權稀釋比率。 當股價屬高股價、實施員工分紅配股按面額計算,若股價無法完成填權,則原股東權益極有可能產生減損情況,此減損情形隨填權幅度而遞減,但就員工分紅配股造成期末股東權益被稀釋情形,在股價高低、填權與否並沒有產生不同結果。 2. 按面額配股,低股價、填權與否仍不影響期末股權稀釋比率。 當股價屬低股價、實施員工分紅配股按面額計算,則原股東權益產生減損情況獲得改善,但就員工分紅配股造成期末股東權益被稀釋情形,仍與高股價時相同。 3. 按市價配股,高股價、填權下,期末股權稀釋比率大幅降低。 當股價屬高股價、實施員工分紅配股按市價計算,若股價完成填權,員工分紅配股造成期末股東權益被稀釋情形,大幅降低。 4. 按市價配股,低股價、填權下,期末股權稀釋比率較高股價高。 當股價屬低股價、實施員工分紅配股按市價計算,若股價完成填權,員工分紅配股造成期末股東權益被稀釋情形,比高股價時來得高。
3

員工分紅與公司績效及投資人報酬之關聯性研究--以台灣上市資訊電子業為例

蔡志瑋 Unknown Date (has links)
實施員工分紅可以留住優秀人才,並激勵員工士氣,使公司整體經營績效提升,但將立即且直接的使股東的權益減少,本研究試著從員工分紅比例的高低來探討,企業是否可藉由員工分紅的政策來激勵員工、提升公司整體經營績效,進而彌補因為員工分紅對股東所造成財富上的損失。 一、員工分紅與組織績效之關連性 無論因變數採用會計績效(ROE)或是市埸績效(TOBIN’s Q) 來衡量,無論每股員工分紅是按照面值或是市價來計算,皆能得到顯著正相關的結果,顯示組織的績效確實能透過員工分紅的激勵效果而提高。 二、員工分紅與投資人報酬之關連性 員工分紅可以增加企業生產力,則藉由生產力的增加來提升組織績效及獲利能力,亦即員工分紅存在著激勵效果,但員工分紅又存在著稀釋效果來降低投資人報酬,本研究即在探討投資人報酬受激勵效果和稀釋效果之混合效果為何。 組織的績效確實能透過員工分紅的激勵效果而提高,但隨著發放員工分紅金額的提高,稀釋效果也不斷地往上增加,投資人的報酬也不斷地受激勵效果及稀釋效果而變化。 由實證結果來看,投資人的報酬並沒有因為前一期員工分紅的增加而提高,反而呈現負相關,顯示員工分紅的激勵效果小於員工分紅的稀釋效果。 實證結果為投資人報酬和員工分紅呈現顯著負相關,可能的原因為,我國資訊電子產業的員工分紅比率太高了,導致員工分紅的激勵效果小於稀釋效果。員工分紅對組織績效的激勵效果並非呈現一線性的關係,隨著員工分紅的提高,其激勵效果對組織績效的邊際效果影響力呈現一先增後持平或是先增後減的趨勢,但另一方面,隨著員工分紅的提高,其稀釋效果對投資人報酬的邊際影響力卻是呈現一負向的直線關係,故本研究推測我國資訊電子產業的員工分紅比率大於最適員工分紅比率。 / The employee bonus policy can keep the eminent staff and be an incentive to cause the employee work hard to raise the performance of the whole organization. But this policy was caused the direct damage to the equity of the stockholder. The purpose of thesis is to investigate encourage effect by employee bonus ,and to understand whether this policy make up the damage of the stockholder that was created by the system of the employee bonus. 1.The relationship between employees bonus and organization performance: To estimate the result at independent variables- ROE or Tobin’s Q and dependent variables-employees bonus at par value or market value shows a significant positive relationship. It means the employees bonus system can raise the organization performance. 2.The relationship between employees bonus and the reward of the investor: Employees bonus system make the increase of capacity and raise the organization performance. So the employees bonus system encourage the employee. On the other side, the employee bonus system has the dilute effect on the reward of the investor. The study investigates the investor return to be affected with the effects that mix encouragement effect and dilute effect. The organization performance raises by the encourage effect of the employees bonus system. But the raise of the employees bonus increase the effect of the dilution. The investors return will be affected by the effect of encourage and dilution. The empirical result shows the reward of the investor did not increase with the raising amount of the previously employees bonus. On the contrary, they are a negative relationship. That means the effect of the encourage of the employee bonus was lower than the effect of the dilution of the employee bonus. The empirical result shows the significant negative relationship between the employee bonus and reward of the investor. Probably, the electric industry has so high bonus ratio that lead the effect of the encouragement to be lower than the effect of the dilution. Employees bonus cause the encourage effect of the organization performance was not a linear relationship. The encourage effect of the organization performance of the marginal effect shows an increase first then decrease, or increase first then fixed tendency followed the raising amount of the employee bonus. On the other hand, the effect of the dilution to the marginal effect of the investor return shows a negative linear relationship followed the raising amount of the employee bonus. The inference of this study the bonus ratio of the employees’ bonus was higher than the optimal bonus ratio in the electric industry in Taiwan.
4

員工分紅費用化對科技公司研發(技術)人員之衝擊及企業因應措施之探討

陳昭伶 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣科技及電子產業的發展,與創造台灣經濟佳績,股票分紅制度具有極高之影響力,但2008年開始「員工分紅費用化」的新制度將開始實施,對企業﹑員工﹑政府﹑股東都產生影響,而最大的衝擊,莫過於是科技或電子企業與員工。 贊成員工分紅費用化的論點:過去之員工分紅配股制度,無法明確顯現企業成本,也嚴重稀釋了股東權益,長期以來備受爭議的不公平性,遭受到外資及投資法人機構的詬病,因此堅持此一論點者,認為員工分紅費用化是順應國際趨勢,不僅可提高財報的透明度,而且讓股東看到沒有虛增的淨利,也是企業社會責任的實踐。 但持反對意見的一方認為,員工分紅費用化制度實施後,會使許多企業的每股獲利相對減少,股價相對下跌。而另一個令企業界憂心的就是員工分紅價值的減少,將引發人才的流失與吸引的困難,對企業競爭力與前景,將面臨極大的挑戰。 本研究應用文獻資料之收集、專家訪談及德菲法,希望達到以下之研究目的: 一、瞭解各種分紅制度之依據與特性。 二、員工分紅費用化對目前企業員工之影響與衝擊。 三、企業目前計畫採取之因應措施。 研究結果發現: 一、對於員工分紅費用化後的薪酬減少,除心理因素之影響外,對於工作的選擇是往成長獲利性較佳的企業流動,或是一般雖無股票分紅,但薪資福利通常較本土產業較優之外商企業。 二、企業可以採取之因應措施項目中,雖其中有九項加權平均數在3.0以上,但這九項中,就有七項都與薪酬相關,只有二項為心理調適項目。而且依分數排名前五項都為經濟補償措施。 研究結論: 一、 薪資競爭力不等同於人才競爭力,也不等於企業競爭力 二、 內部人才培育與外部人才吸引之平衡 三、 股價高者與低者同樣面臨挑戰 四、 企業需全面檢視薪酬制度 / Hi-technology and electronic industry can be with development and excellent performance in Taiwan, one of the key factors is “employee stock bonus”. But from 2008, employee stock bonus must debt expense according to national law and policy. The corporations, employees, shareholders and government are all influenced by the new practice. Particularly, it will be a huge impact to the hi-tech or electronic corporations and their employees. “Whether employee stock bonus debts expense? The points of agree side are: 1. If employee stock bonus does not debt expense, the financial statement can’t show real cost then will dilute the shareholder equity. 2. All the foreign investors and institutional investors argue the unfair issue for a long time. 3. “Employee stock bonus debts expense” is global practice and can match international trend. It can enhance the currency of financial statement to show the operation actual status to all shareholders. It also a corporate governance responsibility to society. The points of disagree this accounting method side are: 1. If employee stock bonus debts expense, technologic firms have negative affect on net income, even makes them unprofitable. Their stocks prices will become lower. 2. The less of value of bonus stock will make it hard to retain and attract good talents. 3. The loss of talents will be a huge challenge for corporation competition and future development. The research is via literary reviews and applies “In-depth interview Method” and “Delphi Method” to reach the following goals: 1. To understand the profit sharing policy and properties. 2. To know what the impacts of employee stock bonus debts expense to employees are. 3. To survey the solutions that corporation will take for the accounting policy revision. The research findings are: 1. The employee stock bonus debts expense will decrease the employee’s total income. The impact is also on mentality. And the employees will search a new job that offer from firms that can make more profit or foreign company even without stock bonus sharing practice. 2. There are 9 solutions in the survey get weighted mean above 3.0. Top 5 are compensation related, and only 2 of them are mentality related. The research conclusions are: 1. The competition of compensation doesn’t mean competition of talents or business. 2. Internal talents development is as important as outside candidates approaching. 3. No matter how much the price of corporation stocks are, they all face the challenge of employee stock bonus debt expense. 4. All corporations should review and redesign their compensation program and practice.
5

台灣員工分紅費用化新制對上市櫃公司損益報導影響之探討

王輝賢 Unknown Date (has links)
我國員工分紅之會計處理,依據修訂前商業會計法第64條規定:「商業盈餘之分配,如股息、紅利等不得作為費用或損失。」此一異於國際主流會計原則,讓國內企業以往慣於使用員工分紅作為激勵優秀人才向心力的籌碼,也常選擇以員工分紅時不須支付對價之無償配股增資,藉以發揮吸引及安定員工一舉數得之效用。民國95年5月24日立法院三讀通過商業會計法第64條修正案,將原條文修正為「商業對業主分配之盈餘,不得作為費用或損失。但具負債性質之特別股,其股利應認列為費用。」經濟部嗣於民國96年1月24日以經商字第09600500940號令進一步函釋:「商業會計法第64條規定:『商業對業主分配之盈餘,不得作為費用或損失。』係將盈餘分配不得作為費用或損失之規定限縮在業主部分;有關員工分紅之會計處理,參考國際財務會計準則之規定,應列為費用,並自民國97年1月1日起生效。」 員工分紅費用化新制將會增加企業營運費用,減少企業盈餘,企業也將重新思考吸引、留任及激勵優秀人才的因應措施。本研究探討各項有關員工分紅費用化新制對上市櫃公司損益報導影響相關議題,發現下列情況: (一)因員工股票紅利計算有不同之依據,「以股東會前一日之收盤價」為計算基礎之員工分紅費用化調整金額大於「以上一會計年度最後交易日之收盤價」為計算基礎之員工分紅費用化調整金額。此一結果可能與證券主管機關近幾年對上市櫃公司員工紅利發放之「限制」與「揭露」規定有關。 (二)比較IC設計業公司、通信網路業公司及製造業公司發放員工股票紅利或現金紅利之喜好,由於受到企業規模較大之影響,製造業公司發放員工現金及股票紅利之絕對金額最高;若以發放員工股票紅利占淨利比例而言,以IC設計業公司最高、通信網路業公司居次、製造業公司殿後。(三)以員工分紅費用化調整金額占當期淨利比例而言,無論是模擬追溯計算民國93年度、94年度及95年度三年度員工分紅費用化調整金額,或是員工分紅費用化新制後97年上半年度估列之員工分紅費用金額,都可以顯示員工分紅費用化新制對IC設計業公司、通信網路業公司之損益報導衝擊,比製造業公司相對嚴重;IC設計業公司及通信網路業公司適用員工分紅費用化新制後,調整降低員工分紅比例之幅度也大於製造業公司。 根據以上探討發現,本研究建議,政府主管機關應儘速修法,提供員工分紅費用化新制實施配套法律環境,例如:修法引進限制型股票;修改公司法第235條,將員工分紅入股調整為非盈餘分配項目等。此外,公司管理階層於員工分紅費用化新制實施後,應正面思考相關因應措施,例如:修改公司章程,放寬員工分紅比例彈性;適度搭配發放現金及股票紅利;適時買回庫藏股,以備轉讓激勵員工;適時發行員工認股權憑證等。讓員工獎酬制度更透明,並於合理回饋員工貢獻時,兼顧企業營運績效與股東權益。
6

員工分紅與經營績效關聯性之研究探討 / A study on the relationship between employee bonus policy and firm performances

朱麗文, Chu, Li-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
自2008年實施員工分紅費用化政策以來,分紅政策仍在不同產業中持續對組織績效有重要之影響,本研究以2000年至2015年期間台灣上市上櫃公司資料為樣本,以實證研究方法探討分析各產業之分紅制度與組織績效間的相關性,以及在分紅費用化政策實施前後,其分紅制度與組織績效間的關係是否有所改變,並檢視是否存在最適員工分紅率。 研究結果顯示:較多產業之員工分紅率與組織績效指標都呈現顯著的正相關,顯示企業確實利用員工分紅制度創造組織高績效表現,或當組織績效表現良好時,企業亦願意以利潤分享方式激勵員工;較多產業之員工分紅費用化前後與績效之正向相關性並未改變,顯示員工分紅制度依然被這些企業持續採用作為爭取優秀員工,提升競爭力之有效工具。較多產業之員工分紅與公司績效表現有非線性關係存在,可推論存在有最適分紅率,顯示這些企業會採取適當之分紅比例,建立兼具企業獲利及員工激勵效果適度的分紅制度。尤其是電子工業顯著存在有最適分紅率,顯示高技術人力密集度產業,為吸引優秀員工,同時提升產業競爭力,可能已熟知如何運用員工分紅制度,以創造雙贏。
7

分紅費用化對員工流動率之影響-以我國電子產業為例

周仰晴 Unknown Date (has links)
具有競爭力的薪酬策略制定是企業留住優秀人才之手段,在2008年以前,我國電子產業之股票分紅對於招攬國內外菁英與留用人才效果驚人,帶動我國科技業經濟奇蹟,同時創造大批科技新貴。但,2008年我國實施員工分紅費用化,企業必須將員工分紅之發放從盈餘項下轉為企業費用,並規定股票分紅配發股數之計算基礎改以公平價值計算,不能再以面額(10元)認列。此舉將造成企業淨利及每股盈餘下降,於是企業不再使用股票分紅作為激勵員工之手段,使員工薪酬減少,電子產業相繼提出費用化制度造成留才之困難。本研究利用差異中之差異模型及兩階段迴歸模型,針對我國電子產業2003年至2012年之所有上市上櫃企業資料,探討薪酬對於員工流動率之影響。 本研究結果顯示員工薪酬多寡對於流動率有負向地影響,但是高階經理人之薪酬多寡對於流動率則沒有影響。在高研發費用率之企業,其投入之創新成本比例較高,人力資本相對重要,薪酬與流動率間是顯著且負向的關係。薪酬針對高大專以上員工比例及低大專以上員工比例兩者的影響程度沒有太大差異。低股價公司之員工總薪酬對於流動率之影響效果是顯著且負向的影響,但在高股價公司薪酬不是影響流動率之主因。
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員工分紅配股之激勵效果與公司治理機制對其之影響

馮煜棻 Unknown Date (has links)
摘要 員工分紅配股乃目前企業實施頗為普遍的激勵制度,以產業為區分尤以高科技業實施的比率最高,儘管多數實施員工分紅配股的企業多認為其為一有效的激勵措施,然企業之員工分紅配股政策與數量卻遭受投資人與學界的諸多質疑,本研究之目的乃希望了解員工分紅配股之實施對於企業之獲利能力與員工生產力之影響,此外,因員工分紅配股政策應受公司股東會與董監事會之監督,股東如對公司的員工分紅配股政策不滿,可以透過股東會來影響公司之決策,董監事亦須扮演監督之角色,因此公司之治理機制可能影響員工分紅配股政策,進一步影響員工分紅配股對公司績效的影響,因而本研究加入公司治理機制之構面,討論當公司治理機制不同時,員工分紅配股對於公司績效的影響是否不同。 本研究之實證結果發現:員工分紅配股的實施與否與公司績效有關,當公司績效好時較可能實施員工分紅配股,但員工分紅配股之實施未必提高公司績效,亦即員工分紅配股的實施不保證能提升公司績效,亦發現員工分紅配股數量與公司績效的關係並不明顯,而進一步加入公司治理機制的構面考量時可知,大多數情況下員工分紅配股對公司績效的影響不因公司治理機制之差異而有不同。
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我國企業員工分紅入股制度之研究-以台積電為例

彭成彰 Unknown Date (has links)
員工分紅入股制度一直是我國高科技產業獎酬員工的最好激勵工具。 但「員工分紅費用化」以及「八折課稅」將會嚴重的衝擊高科技產業的用人政策。面對巨大的變革,本研究試圖研究商業會計法修法後,分紅費用化對我國企業的影響以及員工分紅課稅的公平性議題進行研究,並且提出對此之因應措施。此外,透過深入了解我國企業員工分紅入股制度的架構,進一步歸納我國員工分紅入股制度的成效與缺失。 本研究發現完善的績效管理制度則需要符合下列條件:首先是有關於評核員工績效時所使用的方法。根據績效發放獎酬模式,則員工必須相信公司對所有人的績效評核是公平且公正的。其次是報酬必須根據績效,員工必須相信他們的付出與獎酬之間存在一種直接的關係。達成以上條件,績效管理制度將會發揮最大的效用,而未來績效管理制度將會下一世紀企業重要的一門課題。
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員工分紅費用化及企業所可能採取的因應措施對股東及員工權益影響之研究 / The effect of employee stock bonus being expensed and company's reaction to shareholders' equity and employees' income

陳振中, Chen, Chen Chung Unknown Date (has links)
自2001年以來,美國爆發安隆、世界通訊等一連串的弊案後,國際性投資機構法人不斷對財務會計報表是否能真實、允當的表達一家公司經營的面貌產生未有的質疑,其中包括國內實施多年的員工分紅配股制度,在此期間,國內主管機關、產業界及學術界針對此制度所衍伸的問題有相當多的討論與交換意見。 本研究觀察2004~2006年國內員工分紅配股現況;探討員工分紅配股屬盈餘分配情況下,在目前會計處理所衍伸的公司治理及會計原則適用問題;並參考馬秀如教授於會計研究月刊所舉的例子,加以延伸,加入更多參數及假設條件,探討員工分紅配股依面額或依市價計算、股價高或股價低、盈餘是否全數轉增資、除權後是否填權情況下,對股東權益產生何種不同程度的影響;再針對目前產業界,針對員工分紅費用化後,員工產生的實質所得減少,所回應的因應配套措施,探討其各項配套措施對員工權益、股東權益甚至產業界長久以往的影響。 經本研究觀察及探討,有以下發現,提供主管機關、投資人、企業及員工做為參考: 一、2006年員工分紅配股稀釋股東權益仍極嚴重,且2004年至2006年員工分紅配股稀釋股東權益情況並無往改善方向進行。 二、現行員工紅利屬盈餘分配的會計處理,無法真實反應公司盈餘、有違公司治理精神且無法與國際會計準則接軌。 三、在相關的簡化假設條件下,員工分紅配股對股東權益造成下列之影響: 1. 高股價、員工分紅配股依面額計算、盈餘全數轉增資情況下,填權與否不影響期末股權稀釋比率。 2. 低股價、員工分紅配股依面額計算、盈餘全數轉增資情況下,填權與否仍不影響期末股權稀釋比率。 3.員工分紅配股依面額計算、盈餘不全數轉增資情況下,不論股價高低、填權與否,均可使期末股權稀釋比率大幅降低。 4. 高股價、員工分紅配股依市價計算、盈餘全數轉增資、填權情況下,期末股權稀釋比率大幅降低。 5. 低股價、員工分紅配股依市價計算、盈餘全數轉增資、填權情況下,期末股權稀釋比率較高股價高。 四、現行員工紅利屬盈餘分配的會計處理下,大多數的公司選擇員工分紅配股的員工激勵制度。 五、員工分紅費用化後,使股東權益稀釋程度鎖住一固定比率、盈餘真實性提高、公司間可在同一基礎上相互比較、財務透明度提高並與國際接軌。 六、員工分紅費用化後,企業因應的員工激勵制度配套措施將呈現多樣化。 七、員工分紅費用化,對員工實質所得有相當大的影響;對股東為鎖住一固定比率的稀釋程度;對公司而言,可用的員工激勵措施資源減少;對產業,將形成好公司更好,壞公司更壞的循環。 / Following the outbreak of a series of scandals, such as Enron and WorldCom, in the U.S. as from 2001, international institutional investors have been suspicious about whether financial statements can truly and adequately represent a company’s operating status, including the employee stock bonus system that had been carried out domestically for many years. As a matter or fact, while applying the system, local competent authorities, industries and academic circles have had a lot of concerns about the resulting problems, which triggers plenty of discussions and opinion exchanges. By observing the domestic employee stock bonus distribution for 2004 through 2006, this study aimed to investigate the issues of corporate governance and accounting principle applicability derived from current accounting process under the circumstance where employee stock bonuses fall in retained earnings. Also, by referring to examples given by Professor Sheree S. Ma in Accounting Research Monthly, the study added more parameters and hypothetic assumptions to explore the degree of the influence of employee stock bonus calculation (according to the face value or market price), the stock price (high or low), earnings recapitalization and price recovery status subsequent to the ex-right date on shareholders’ equity, followed by investigating the influence of the countermeasures taken in the industry to cope with the reduction of employee’s real income caused by treating employee stock bonuses as expenses on shareholders’ equity, employees’ real income, and even the industry for a long run. The following findings of the study hope to serve as a reference for competent authorities, investors, enterprises and employees: 1. Given that the dilution status of shareholders’ equity from 2004 to 2006 had not improved, the distribution of employee stock bonuses in 2006 was still severely diluting shareholders’ equity. 2. The current accounting process of combing employee stock bonuses in retained earnings cannot truly reflect a company’s earnings, which is not only against the spirit of corporate governance, but has also deviated from international accounting standards. 3. Under simplified hypothetical assumptions, the employee stock bonus distribution has generated the following influences on shareholders’ equity: (1). Under circumstance where the stock price is high, employee stock bonuses are calculated according to the face value, and earnings are all recapitalized as increased capital, the status of price recovery subsequent to the ex-right date will not dilute the final equity ratio. (2.) Under circumstance where the stock price is low, employee stock bonuses are calculated according to the face value, and earnings are all recapitalized as increased capital, the status of price recovery subsequent to the ex-right date will not dilute the final equity ratio. (3). Under circumstance where employee stock bonuses are calculated according to the face value, and earnings are not all recapitalized as increased capital, final equity dilution ratio will be substantially reduced no matter how high or low of the stock price, or if the stock price can be recovered subsequent to the ex-right date. (4). Under circumstance where the stock price is high, employee bonuses are calculated according to the face value, earnings are partially recapitalized as increased capital, and the stock price is recovered subsequent to the ex-right date, final equity dilution ratio will be substantially reduced. (5). Under circumstance where the stock price is low, employee bonuses are calculated according to the face value, earnings are all recapitalized as increased capital, and the stock price is recovered subsequent to the ex-right date, final equity dilution ratio will be higher than that with high stock price. 4. Before 2008, the existing employee stock bonuses are processed as retained earnings distribution in accounting, a majority of companies choose employee stock ownership as an incentive to motivate their employees. 5. After employee stock bonuses are being treated as expenses, the dilution degree of shareholders’ equity is locked at a fixed ratio. As a result, the veracity of company earnings is higher, so different companies may compare with each other on a same basis, financial transparency can be strengthened, and in the end, these companies operating performance can link up with the world. 6. With employee stock bonuses being treated as expenses, the countermeasures taken by enterprises to motivate their employees show versatility. 7. By treating employee stock bonuses as expenses, employee’s real income will be considerably affected, the dilution degree of shareholders’ equity will be locked at a fixed rate, company’s available resources for motivating its employees will be reduced, and the whole industry will fall prey to the cycle that good companies get better while bad companies get worse.

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