近五十年來，我國公共圖書館事業伴隨經濟成長，已然建立完善的圖書館系統。然而一般民眾對於公共圖書館所提供服務之認識與利用，尚未普遍，顯示從服務利用的角度來看，現階段公共圖書館之成效仍未臻理想。因此，如何針對不同地區之讀者群需求，研擬服務策略，以吸引民眾利用公共圖書館之各項服務，並提升現有讀者之服務利用層次與深度；同時掌握不同地區之讀者所重視之服務項目，據以改善不同地區之公共圖書館的服務品質，遂成為公共圖書館亟待研究的重要課題。 本研究以臺北縣十市、四鎮及十五鄉之公共圖書館之讀者為研究對象，以問卷調查到館讀者對於公共圖書館服務之要求與讀者利用公共圖書館之行為，並且將讀者利用行為分成城市地區與鄉鎮地區二部分作為比較，找出造成公共圖書館讀者使用之城鄉差異現象之因素。本研究之具體結論可以歸納為四方面，並提出改善公共圖書館城鄉差異現象的九點建議。

本研究之問題意識為消費主義與公共事務涉入之關係。藉由消費主義轉化公共事務涉入的相關論點，分析中國大陸城鄉白領青年在感染相異消費主義的程度後，進而解釋他們對公共事務涉入的態度和行為；透過此，以闡述中國大陸兼蓄併存的城市消費個人主義與農村集體主義的價值體系差異。 研究發現，消費主義的確抑制個人對公共事務涉入的程度。其中，透過本文假說進而涵蓋三組不同層次的意義：首先，城市白領青年高感染消費主義，因此對城市公共事務涉入消極；其次，農村白領青年低感染消費主義，致使對農村公共事務涉入積極熱情；第三，農村白領青年低感染消費主義，但因非我家園之故，導致他們疏離城市公共事務的涉入。 城市白領青年對公共事務低涉入的原因體現在生活即消費的個人本位思想，並藉追求與他者的品位區隔和消費符號以突顯自我，致使他們對經濟穩定的現狀有著較高需求，因此不會出現反抗、異議或關於改變政治情況的訴求。此外，城市白領青年對群體的身分認同訴求亦透過消費達成，並出現諸如攀比、競逐消費等情形。另一方面，當物質條件不足以融入某群體的消費方式時，便會出現被排斥在外、或納入其內的群體身分認同現象。當城市白領青年考量如何兼顧、維持自身的社會資本網絡時，他們多數會投注時間關切自身所認同或歸屬的團體，最終導致對公共或社區集體事務涉入的冷漠回應。 另一方面，農村白領青年高涉入家鄉公共事務的原因，主要來自於農村的集體主義特色。出生、成長於農村集體主義環境的白領青年，由於低感染消費主義，所以對公共事務有著較高的熱情。無論是村事務抑或國政相關的討論均賴以農村群體網絡頻繁往來的特色，以及因集體主義所創造出的集體價值信念。 再者，當農村白領青年在城市工作時，卻因仍受集體主義思維所影響，使他們對消費少有符號性追求或無節制的購買行為。此外，由於生長於經濟匱乏的內地農村，所以他們會將自己在城市工作所得部分匯回家鄉以維繫、改善家鄉父母兄弟的生活環境，並同時將消費限制在理性的購買之上。同時，從外地省份大舉遷入城市工作的農村白領青年，由於其在人口意義上仍呈現流動性質，再加上多透過租賃的方式居住，因此他們最終不一定會在城市落戶或常住久居。這便致使他們沒有動因涉入小區的公共事務，因而出現農村白領青年在城市低涉入、農村高涉入公共事務的情形。然而，他們亦可將對集體的熱情轉移在國政事務的關注上，透過此際以排解他們對於公共事務的熱情追求。 / The dissertation focuses on the relationships between consumerism and the involved in China’s local governance—the residents’ committee and the owners’ committee of young middle class came from city and the rural area. Through discovering the different levels of infecting consumerism explaining how the young middle class’ origins from city and the rural area have diverse attitudes and behaviors in public affairs respectively. Based on several case studies, I defined that the three hypotheses explaining my arguments given above. First of all, the urban young middle class has been infected more consumerism that they rather pay attention to consume than involve in public issues. Secondly, the rural young middle class has been affected by the Chinese collectivism from traditional village; consequently, they take notice of public matters in their hometown. On the other hand, despite the rural young middle class has been infected the lower consumerism in contrast to the urban one, however, living and working in the city where not their hometown but only a temporary residence is. Therefore, the rural young middle class lacks for the reasons to involve in public affairs in the city; nevertheless, they transfer their passion and positive behaviors in collective matters to take more care of political issues of the nation during the period when they stay on in the city. In conclusion, after being infected the higher level of consumerism, the urban young middle class involves negatively in public affairs of their own communities which is a common phenomenon. Furthermore, conversely to the urban one, the rural young middle class puts their positive convictions of involved in public matters into action. It is interesting to note that there are great differences between the former and the latter; indeed, the two types of young middle class came from distinct regions have been infected diverse consumerism leading their involved in public affairs to proceed in opposite directions.

學習表現為教育社會學中的重要議題，其中城鄉間的學習表現差距受到重視。過去研究認為家庭背景與地區的教育資源是影響學生學習表現的主要因素，然而這些研究缺乏班級因素與同儕效果的分析。因此本研究使用台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS）在2001年與2003年的國中生樣本，以階層線性模型（Hierarchical Linear Modeling, HLM）分析國一班級同儕學習投入對國三數學表現的影響，學習投入以學生為課業所付出的時間為指標。分析結果發現：(1)學生數學表現的總變異中有24%來自班級因素的影響，76%為學生因素。(2)國三數學表現、個人學習投入與班級同儕學習投入有城鄉差距。(3)在控制其他變項下，個人學習投入、班級同儕學習投入對數學表現有正向效果。(4)班級所在地區的都市化程度透過班級同儕學習投入間接影響國三數學表現。 / Academic performance has been an important topic of research on educational sociology for a long time, while urban-rural differences have been already well documented in literatures. In the past, the literature indicated that the key factors to affecting academic performance are family background and the educational resources. But these researches have ignored the factors of class level and peer effects. In this study, the data are from Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) in 2001 and 2003, use Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to assess how peer engagement affects junior high students’ mathematics performance. The time students spend in studying is an index of engagement. The main finding are: (1) This research model accounts for 76% of the variation in student level and for 24% of the class variation in class level with regard to mathematical performance. (2) Students in the urban and rural city show a differences in their mathematics performance, student’s own engagement and peer engagement. (3) When controlling variables, student’s own engagement and peer engagement have positive effect on mathematics performance. (4) Urbanization levels indirectly affect mathematics performance through peer engagement.