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資金流量與基金績效的關聯—以台股基金為例 / The Relationship between Mutual Fund Flow and Performance洪聖雄 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討2001年1月至2016年12月內所有以台股市場為標的之開放式股票型基金,透過多元迴歸模型與交易策略法深入的了解資金流量與過去和未來一期報酬率之間的關聯性,並從中探討台灣投資人的行為偏好。
透過多元迴歸模型與交易策略法可以發現代表台灣投資人投資偏好的資金淨流量變動率普遍有追逐過去績效表現優異之基金的傾向,接著探討資金淨流量變動率與未來一期報酬率的關聯後發現,台灣共同基金市場上當期資金淨流量變動率越高的基金,普遍在未來短期內所獲得的報酬率有較低的現象,然而隨著未來報酬期間的拉長,此現象便逐漸消失,最主要的解釋原因為台灣共同基金投資人普遍有追逐過去績效表現優異之基金的傾向,使過去績效表現較好的基金容易湧入過多的申購資金,而這些基金雖然在過去一期該基金經理團隊可以憑藉著自己所擅長的產業與個股經驗,挑選到具有成長潛力的投資標的,但隨著過去一期的優異表現,這些基金的投資組合持股價格已經來到相對高點,難以持續擁有良好的報酬表現,加上基金經理團隊手上仍握有許多等待投資的現金,最終可能迫使基金經理團隊必須開始涉入自己不熟悉的產業與個股,增加錯誤投資的機會而使績效表現變差,然而長期而言,該基金經理團隊仍可以憑藉著自己的專業投資能力,重新尋找到優良投資標的,消化過去湧入的投資資金,改善過去短期績效表現不佳的狀況。 / This study explored all open-ended equity funds targeting Taiwan’s stock market from January 2001 to December 2016. Through multiple regression model and trading strategy method, we got an in-depth understanding of the relationship between fund flows and both past and future returns, and the characteristics of the trading behavior of Taiwan’s investors were further investigated.
By using multiple regression model and trading strategy method we found evidence that Taiwan’s investors have the tendency to chase mutual funds which had superior performance in the last period. Following this issue, we also found that funds with higher fund inflow generally had lower return in the short term time horizons, but the phenomenon would gradually disappear when the time horizons were extended. The main explanation of this phenomenon is that Taiwan’s investors generally have the tendency to buy mutual funds which gave superior return in the last period, so that funds with better performance in the past are prone to attract subscription. Although in the last period, these funds’ management team could rely on their own industrial and individual stock-picking experience, selecting those stocks with high growth potential. However, with an outstanding performance in previous period, stock prices in those fund’s portfolio had come to a relatively high point, so it’s hard to maintain good performance. With a vast sum of fund inflow, the management team may also be forced to invest in the industries or companies that they’re unfamiliar with, causing the possibility of wrong investment. However, when the time horizons were extended, the management team could digest the inflow of investment funds by rediscovering good investment targets and improve their fund performance.
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台灣證券交易所發行量加權指數未納入現金股利之再投資因素對投資報酬及基金績效衡量之影響 / The Bias in Return Calculation and the Benchmark Error Problem Associated with Not Adjusting the Taiwan Stock Exchange Market Weighted Index for Cash Dividend陳怡雯, Chen, Yi-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
台灣發行量加權股價指數在編製時並未調整現金股利的影響,不僅會低估實際的投資報酬率,以其作為標竿指標,在評估共同基金績效時,亦會產生標竿錯誤的問題。因此,本文將現金股利的再投資報酬納入,重新編製加權股價指數。實證結果發現,若自民國75年起調整現金股利之影響,則在民國89年10月31日時,股價指數由5544.18點調整為6419.83點,約增加1.16倍。以新指數重新衡量基金績效的結果,發現績效排名並無大幅度的改變,而且基金績效是否擊敗大盤的情形,受新指標的影響亦不大,此乃因近年來上市公司配息少,而且基金績效非常極端。但基於理論上的正確性,在計算投資報酬率及評估共同基金績效時,仍應以納入現金股利之加權股價指數為基礎,以降低因標竿指標錯誤所造成研究結果的偏誤,否則未來我國股票配息的情況及基金報酬率的特性若改變之後,以過去的方式評估績效將可能造成極大之偏差。 / The Taiwan Stock Exchange Market Weighted Index (TAIEX) is not adjusted for cash dividend. Since the TAIEX is commonly used for calculating the investment return of the Taiwan’s market and as the benchmark index for mutual fund performance evaluation, the investment return in Taiwan is underestimated and there is benchmark error in the evaluation of mutual fund performance. This paper adjusts the TAIEX by incorporating the effect of the reinvestment of cash dividend in the TAIEX. The beginning date of our adjustment is January 4, 1986. Since then until the end of October 2000, the adjusted TAIEX grew to 1.16 times of the unadjusted index. However, The mutual fund performance evaluated based on the adjusted index is insignificantly different from that based on the un-adjusted index. This is because mutual funds have extreme performance. Due to the small cash dividend paid out by the listed firms on the Taiwan Stock Exchange, the adjustment effect is not enough to overturn the evaluation of
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共同基金績效評估-個股特徵之持股比例變動法與四因子評估模型李佳樺, Lee-Chia-Hua Unknown Date (has links)
本研究考慮市場、規模、淨值市價比及前期累積報酬,這四個影響股票報酬的因子,分別以個股特徵之持股比例變動法與四因子評估模型,對共同基金風險調整後的報酬作績效評比,不但可以評估基金的選股能力與擇時能力,並進一步瞭解報酬之風險來源。最後討論這兩種評比方式的適用性,並藉由基準投資組合將市場股票區分成不同的風險類別,根據基金在各類別股票的持有比例,引伸出對基金持股風格的另一種看法。現將本篇研究結果整理如下:
1. 四因子模型對於資產的解釋能力比資本資產評價模型(CAPM)好;並且透過規模、淨值市價比、前期累積報酬之風險溢酬因子,可以瞭解報酬之不同風險來源。
2. 依照個股特徵為基準之持股比例變動法,計算出實際績效、特徵擇時、特徵選股及平均持股型態的績效。結果顯示共同基金多具有正的選股能力,擇時能力,但經過檢定,並沒有顯著的超額報酬。
3. 以四因子評價模型對共同基金績效做評估。結果發現幾乎不具有顯著的超額報酬;兩種方法的評比結果相類似。但是部份基金在規模、與前期累積報酬項有顯著異於零的結果,顯示基金在規模、量能操作上有穩定的績效表現,因此使得檢定的結果顯著。
4. 而以持股類型風格上來看,顯示部份基金會高度持有大型股、以及過去表現良好的股票,持股風險類群明顯而集中,屬於穩健、偏重長期,並配合量能操作的投資策略。
最後根據本文的實證結果,分別對投資人與基金經理人提出建議。而從持股比例計算的過程,對持股風格分析提供一個更簡易明瞭的看法,並將研究中發現的問題,一併列在建議中,提供給後續研究者作為參考。
第一章 緒論…………………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………4
第一節 風險調整因素……………………………4
第二節 四因子評估模型…………………………7
第三節 依個股特徵之持股比例變動法…………9
第三章 研究設計……………………………………13
第一節 研究假說…………………………………13
第二節 研究架構…………………………………14
第三節 研究範圍與期間…………………………16
第四節 變數定義與資料處理……………………18
第四章 實證結果與分析……………………………22
第一節 四因子評估模型…………………………22
第二節 共同基金績效評估………………………27
第三節 基金之持股類型比例……………………36
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………40
第一節 結論………………………………………40
第二節 建議…………………………………………41
參考文獻……………………………………………45
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