行動上網時代來臨，隨著連網技術成熟與裝置快速普及，微型應用程式（application，簡稱app）的應用應運而生，線上軟體平台產業快速成形，集廣大外部開發者之力共同創造價值與利潤。 激烈的平台競爭與初步的產業發展成果突顯出，面向多方參與者的平台對外部開發者守門的重要性，平台經營者如何在敞開大門的同時又能取得好的創意，背後應該有可供解釋的理由與作為。因此，本研究結合過去研究未有交集的多邊平台與守門理論兩觀點，期盼藉由研究成果回答三點研究問題：（1）線上軟體平台如何對外部開發者進行守門？（2）線上軟體平台之守門機制隨平台發展歷程有何變化？（3）線上軟體平台之守門機制對平台之經營績效有何影響？ 本研究所得到的初步結論：（1）線上軟體平台在開放與透過一系列「規範中有服務」的措施組成對外部開發者的守門機制，分為「價值獲取型」守門機制與「價值創造型」守門機制兩類。（2）線上軟體平台守門機制在「導入期」與「成長期」是處於「開放中有封閉，封閉中有開放」的狀態，價值獲取型守門機制從導入期至成長期是封閉趨向開放，價值創造型守門機制從導入期至成長期是開放趨向封閉。（3）線上軟體平台非獲利中心，而是生態系統的一控制點。 / Internet infrastructure and technology have advanced, we have now entered the Mobile Internet Device era. Online marketplaces form and applications sprout, stimulating an ecosystem worthy enough for external developers to dive in, grabbing the value in this co-creating process. However, managing the online marketplace is difficult. Developing a place to encourage participation for external developers as well as to gate keeping the platform quality is not an easy task. Up to this day, we can observe different online marketplaces develop different approaches. This research combines the prospective from multi-sided platforms theory and gatekeeping theory in view to answer three questions: (1) What is the gatekeeping strategy for online marketplaces? (2) As online marketplaces develop, how does the gatekeeping process change? (3) What influence does gatekeeping strategy has on online marketplaces performance? This study has found: (1) Two different strategies multi-sided platforms use for gatekeeping forming regulation and services for external developers are “Value Proposition” and “Value Creation”. (2) From the “early stage” to the “developing stage” of multi-sided platforms, this research discovers two different movements on gatekeeping: “From Opened to Restricting” and “From Restricting to Opened”. “Value Proposition” strategy leans toward “From Restricting to Opened” state, while “Value Creation” strategy leans toward “From Opened to Restricting” state.(3) Multi-sided platform is not a place to generate interests, but a place to manage the ecosystem.

「比爾與梅琳達•蓋茲基金會」（Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation）從成立至今，捐出超過300億美元的鉅款，資助了近8000項慈善公益專案，其範圍橫跨了全世界極貧地區，挽救無數寶貴生命，堪稱全球影響力最大的公益基金會。 從資訊軟體專業起家的Bill Gates對慈善領域並不熟悉，但卻能在短時間內利用觸媒特性，快速建立合作夥伴系統、吸納捐款與資源，充份發揮平台的正向網絡效應及鎖定效應，迅速壯大基金會規模，並高度有效率運用資源，讓每一分錢的價值發揮到最大，足以作為學習借鏡。 本研究目的在找出「比爾與梅琳達•蓋茲基金會」的經營模式與機制設計，並依此探討其對全人類社會關鍵議題的影響與貢獻；及其關鍵性成功因素，同時探究其對慈善事業及其他公益組織有何影響。希望藉此提供台灣其他非營利組織一些建議，讓它們能從蓋茲基金會的成功經驗中學習，或是在此基礎上創新。 本研究發現，蓋茲基金會創新的觸媒平台經營模式與獨特的機制設計 -「對其目標市場及客戶客觀精確且完整深入的研究分析」、「創意的捐贈機制協助其建立強大的夥伴生態系統進而發揮平台強大的網絡效應」、「高度目標導向的專案執行並重視績效與考核」、「資源高度有效率運用且以量化為溝通的準則」、「有系統地將內隱經驗轉化為外顯知識」，以及「將企業營運經營管理與公司治理理念導入非營利組織」為其關鍵成功因素。 / Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has so far donated more than 30 billion US. dollars to fund about 8,000 charitable projects, which benefit those extremely poor areas in the world and save countless lives. It may be deemed as the world's most influential philanthropic organization. However, it is well-known that Bill Gates is not familiar with philanthropy work, but somehow he has leveraged characteristic catalyst to build the partner ecosystem efficiently to attract donations and resources; moreover, he helps the organization to fully utilize the platform’s positive network and lock-in effects to help expanding the scale of the Foundation rapidly. It is known that Gates Foundation with Gate’s leadership is good at maximizing resources’ value. Thus this study aims to identify the business model and the mechanism design of Gates Foundation. It deeply investigates each activity from the platform’s value propositions to find out its key success factors. Meanwhile, it explores this model and how it causes impact on philanthropic industry. This study hopes to provide advice for non-profit organizations so that they could learn from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s experiences or even mirror some of the original strategic thoughts of its mechanism designs once they decide to develop more aggressively on the philanthropy. The study found the key success factors of Gates Foundation as bellow: •Deep insight and complete analysis on its target markets and customers. •Creative donation mechanisms that helps to form a strong partner ecosystem, and bring positive network effect to the platform. •Goal-oriented project that is highly executed and emphasized on the performance evaluation. •High efficiency on the use of resources and how its value is maximized. •Transfer implicit experience into explicit knowledge & know-how. •Utilize management knowledge & methodology of global enterprise and practice it in philanthropic organization.