在尼加拉瓜新設亞洲料理餐廳的商業規則

The Goodies Booth will be a local, innovative and new concept inside one of the most prestigious universities in Managua, Nicaragua that will provide high quality beverage like the famous Bubble Milk Tea Juice which is based on tea and milk in an Asian style. We will use the recipes and syrups from Taiwan/ China for the preparation of our drinks. Our booth will be located inside the university campus, which will help to attract different segments from the variety of programs offered at the University and targeting people with a medium to high level of income. The target market is estimated at 6,400 people at this University. Our pricing strategy will be implemented by setting standard prices so that people get to know our product, our high quality beverages, and service and most important our penetration strategy the “ready to go or take away drinks”. The initial investment and working capital to start the business will be US$15,000; which will be funded from the owner’s capital and a bank loan. The Goodies Booth has a positive NPV of US $77,393.66 which indicates that the project is possible and can be a very profitable project in Nicaragua with a great chance of expansion.

Access to proper sanitation is a necessary step towards sustainable development. Facilitating access to the tools to the most basic hygienic services generates a healthier living, a more sustainable environment, a means to generating economic activity, and strengthens human dignity and social development. The United Nations General Assembly declared 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation, setting as a target the significant increase in the number of people with access to adequate sanitation and implementation of good hygiene practices. This project aims to help the people of Nicaragua meet that target. As of 2013, only 52% of Nicaragua’s population had access to improved sanitation facilities. This is still far below the average of its neighbor Latin American countries. Lack of proper sanitation has a tremendous direct and indirect impact on Nicaragua’s development in the areas of health, tourism, and water resources. As of 2013, the economic losses due to the lack of sanitation and hygiene amount to US$ 95 million and is expected to continue growing. This business plan will cover the design and implementation ECOSAN, a low cost, high quality compost toilet, which will be sold to low-income local entrepreneurs who will become franchise partners. The franchisees are responsible for managing the usage of the toilets in local poor communities. These entrepreneurs will receive training on how to convert the compost into organic fertilizer which could further be sold to local farms or be locally used.

Financial literacy is the ability to understand how money works, it refers to the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions with all of their financial resources. Raising financial literacy levels is a major concern around the world, because it affects how people save, spend, and invest, as well as their ability to create and grow income. However, Nicaragua is far behind. I started working under the assumption that financial literacy levels in Nicaragua were very low, because of a series of factors. Among them, the macro and micro economic conditions –including poverty level and education-, the unawareness from the government of the importance of financial literacy in people’s lives, the lack of financial advisors nationwide, etc. To prove my theory, I decided to do a 25 question, online survey in Nicaragua. During a one week period, 343 people from all age ranges answered it and provided me with insights that allowed me to analyze their financial health, as well as their relationship with money. The three main objectives I was looking to accomplish with the survey were: to determine the current situation of financial literacy in Nicaragua, to evaluate the market’s needs regarding personal finance, and to assess the potential market for a personal finance in advisor. After reviewing the particular socio-economic conditions of the country, I guide you through the questionnaire Nicaraguans had to answer, and provide results and analysis based on them. The lack of financial culture in the country is evident from the beginning till the end of the questionnaire, but the results offer a starting point to increase financial literacy levels. Some of the main conclusions delivered by this analysis are that people tend to overestimate their financial knowledge and rate their performance and actions better than they actually are, and that most of them are eager to learn about personal finance and lead a healthier financial life.

本研究旨在討論外債和人權之間的協同作用和緊張關係，藉由探討聯合世界銀行國際貨幣基金組織債務對低收入國家的償債能力，尤其著重尼加拉瓜的例子。筆者發現有效支持兩個變量理論的連結，另外，本研究強調了政治決策改變人權債務的結果。 文獻探討發現過往討論各國償債能力忽略了人權因素，如此會抑止：（一）完成其任務，指導已納入人權要素在其發展援助干預的多邊和雙邊貸款；（二）審議侵犯人權的行為，特別是公民權利和政治權利的破壞治理和機構質量的因素；和（三）解決其減少債務相關的風險政策的人權影響。 研究分析的結果發現高度的侵犯人權行為（特別是公民權利和政治權利），不僅導致政治不穩定，也破壞了宏觀經濟的穩定。 / The author's research studies the synergies and tensions between external debt and human rights. To do this, the study examines the joint world bank-international monetary fund Debt Sustainability Framework for Low Income Countries, whilst paying particular attention to Nicaragua’s case. The author finds support for the validity of theoretical arguments that link the two variables. Specifically, the investigation examines and specifies how political decisions as a result of changes in human rights impact debt sustainability as well as and how high debt affects respect of human rights. The review of the Debt Sustainability Framework revealed that the framework ignores human rights issues in its methodology, which inhibits the framework’s ability to: i) accomplish its mandate to provide guidance to multilateral and bilateral lenders that have incorporated human rights elements in their development aid interventions; ii) to consider human rights violations, especially civil and political rights as a factor that undermines the quality of governance and institutions; and iii) address human rights impacts of the policies which reduce debt related risks. The inclusive growth diagnostic conducted by Nicaragua provided an in-depth study of the growth drivers (repayment capacity) and factors that are hindering their growth. As a result of the analysis, it revealed that high human rights violations (specially civil and political rights) have not only led to political instability, but also undermined macroeconomic stability - upsetting macroeconomic stability and increasing indebtedness.

開發中國家出口皮件之發展及持續策略：以尼加拉瓜為例 / Strategies for Development and Sustainability of Exports of Leather from a Developing Country：The Case of Nicaragua

CPSI公司在尼加拉瓜電子學習套件計畫的財務分析 / This thesis analyses CPSI –Nicaragua Branch business plan, an enterprise that trades products from Asia to foreign markets. The study is the analytical tool used by the company to explore the options of distributing tablets to higher education students, focusing on positioning products for low economical first intake level students. The investigation conducts a financial positioning of the company perspectives entering the Nicaraguan market, considering NPV to be presented to potential investors. The marketing strategy implemented in this business is based on developed countries experience to provide the facility of technological and academicals tools through universities to the students. The market segment analysis shows it’s an unexplored approach to get to the customers, creating an increase value surpassing the competition. CPSI-Nicaragua can function as a business to business company. The study of the Nicaraguan market exposes that the investment opportunity is profitable; the cash flow is 25% return and a positive NPV.

本文的目的是了解和分析台灣與中美洲貿易、經濟和政治方面的關係，並將它們與不斷增長的中國的存在和影響力的地理區域比較。它也試圖對總統陳水扁和馬英九所追求的走向盟國外交作一個比較。 / This thesis aims to understand and analyze trade, economic and political aspects of the Taiwanese relationship with Central America, and compare them with the growing Chinese presence and influence in that geographic area. It also attempts to make a comparison between the diplomacy toward allied countries pursued by presidents Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou. Taiwan has had to cope with China’s rise, a major geopolitical event of the twenty-first century. The expansion of the Chinese economy is reflected in an increased trade exchange with Latin America. Central America has not been an exception. The PRC has become a major trade partner for several Central American economies, surpassing commerce ties between them and Taiwan. This paper also states that the so-called “diplomatic truce” called for by President Ma has been working so far, as Beijing has not tried to “steal” more Taiwanese allies since 2008, and the ROC has not tried to lure new friends to its camp.