本研究從一位初任幼師的困境為起點，雖然接受過師培訓練，卻在正式進入職場後，對於擔任幼師一職的能力和專業感到質疑，個體歸究原因為自身專業知識不足，因而報考研究所，並認定問題得以輕易解決，直到訪談在學前教育領域已工作二十幾年的蘇老師，才開始思索幼師角色對於自身之意涵，同時意識到個體於專業認同上出現危機，至此展開探索之旅程！ 本研究採質化研究中的敘說方法，從個體幼年生活「故事」寫起、受教的經驗與感受、如何成為幼師的歷程，以及之後擔任「家園」裡的「母親」，透過書寫、行動和反思之不斷循環歷程，期望了解自身對幼師角色之體認與如何形構幼師之專業認同。 本研究整理出幼師個體之實踐智慧： 1.孩子基礎教育應透過正確的飲食習慣和運動養成勤勞之慣性，以健康身體為基礎，透過與人事物互動後反思、參解，提升人格與心性的平穩。 2.跳脫傳統教育迷思，重建健康之教育生態環境，也才有可能培育出身心健康的個人。 3.幼師專業認同形構之漸進循環模式：抉擇、磨合、蜜月、危機期。 4.影響幼師專業認同演化之因素，包括：母職外表、專業技能、教育活動意涵、職業角色價值與自我核心價值。符應倪鳴香研究的幼師職業認同三部曲，「塑形-堆砌-自我引導」由外而內之演進。 5.幼師專業認同演化歷程中，受到外在現實社會與理想上專業認定兩者的價值衝突，最終須回歸到幼師自身的個人核心價值導引。

本研究以行動研究取向，探究一位經四年幼師專業培育、一年實習經驗的初任幼師（研究者自身）實踐兒童哲學的歷程，探究內涵包括：一、理解孩童藉語言所表達的思想，以試圖澄清自身對於「孩童圖像」之困惑；二、追索自身作為「幼師」在教育行動中的所思、所為及轉變。研究者以「故事」作為反身辨識經驗意義的入口，詮釋與12位五歲孩童以思考故事《貓人》為材料，進行思考故事討論的經驗。通過詮釋歷程，研究者逐漸獲得「對自身及對孩童的理解」，並形構對於「幼師培育」的疑慮及觀點，分別闡述出：一、自身「專業行動的裂痕與縫補」，解析理論與實務分隔、窄化為傳輸知識與訓練技能的師資培育，惟恐加深大學與專業實踐、理論與實務、思想與行動之間的裂痕，且此體制上的「難」亦將體現於幼師在專業行動中的困境。二、透過此研究「重構對『孩童』的理解」，論述孩童在實際生活中「做」哲學（do philosophy）的思考樣態，即體現了「兒童哲學」之本質，其「做哲學」的樣態歸納有以下特徵：（一）為自己思考且能把玩思想的孩童、（二）對生活做出純粹反省的孩童、（三）善於在「未知」中探尋意義的孩童、（四）自然展露思考技巧的孩童。最後，研究者再次從「兒童哲學」與「師資培育」兩個層面回觀以展望未來。

本文為一位幼師所書寫的生命敘說，這份「說」的起點來自於家庭造就的傷痕，研究者與家庭之間產生了心理距離。面對這個心理距離，研究者採取逃離的應對姿態，而此一姿態同樣出現在往後面對工作與愛情之中的挫敗。然而，隨著2012年家庭重大事件的爆發，研究者萌生了想要突破與家庭間心理距離的意念，走上回家的道路。整體而言，研究者藉由自我書寫、閱讀、參與敘說團體討論、聽生命中重要他人的故事，重新梳理對自身的認識，產生了能夠回家的力量。研究者發現家庭、工作與愛情之中的挫敗與傷來自於自身對三者存有既定的理想圖像，當現實發生的事件與理想有所落差時，產生個人內在衝突以及對他者的不諒解。隨著此一對自我與他者的認識與再理解，研究者進入了一段自我療癒的旅程，覺察自我與他者之間存在著愛的力量。因著這份愛，研究者不僅與自己及重要他者和解，治癒了生命議題的種種傷，同時也進一步產生了個人行動意向的轉變，從原本的逃離姿態轉變為自我的主動承擔，最終能夠以家作為新的生命旅程的起點。 / This is a story told by a kindergarten teacher growing up in a well-off family and leading a seemingly ‘smooth’ life. Two storylines mapped out the narratives. One is her family of origin; the other is her journey of becoming a teacher. Not having been through many difficulties in her life, the researcher/narrator found herself helpless and at loss in the face of unexpected life events. She had always been an obedient child who studied hard to meet the expectation of her mother, who wanted her to be a teacher. As she actually stepped into the workplace, however, she gave up on the opportunity of public schools and instead, ‘took the road less traveled by’. Wandering around in search of the ideal Education, she found herself losing the strength to be a teacher ever again. Family is my starting point. Confronted with the ‘ripping’ of my family, I found self-cure in this destruction. I traced back to my childhood for the absence of my father and the loss of family. Through writing, storytelling and interviews, I reorganized myself and, by understanding multiple perspectives, re-examined the significant others in my life. There are always blind spots in the writing and retelling of the story. Therefore, my readers became the critical eyes which enabled me to recognize the unrecognizable self. In the process of writing and ‘being read’, the self-exploring conversation and debate has become an eye-opening experience. It turned out that, when I am looking at other people, I have only been seeing myself.

台灣早期的幼教發展，於政府長時期疏於管理下，導致現今幼教界存在諸多糾結複雜的問題，這些客觀外在環境條件所產生的問題，直接衝擊幼教核心之一「教師」角色的生存空間。在高師資流動性特質之幼教場域中，那些資深專業工作者如何能夠在所處的社會情境脈動中，長時期持續朝向自我選擇之幼教職業道路推進，為本研究的核心關注。透過一位資深幼教工作經歷的園長之生命視窗—她的工作經驗世界，理解幼師職業生涯運轉歷程的樣貌；並從主體生命故事敘說之縱向歷史回顧中，理解其中透露的重要社會結構變遷訊息。 本研究採取質性研究方法中的傳記研究取向，以德國社會學者Fritz Schütze所發展之「敘述訪談法」(narrative interview)進行資料採集工作，訪談一位具有二十九年幼教工作經歷的幼兒園園長。訪談結果整理為敘述文本後，並參照Fritz Schütze所提出的理論建構分析方案，對文本進行結構描述以及概念抽象化分析的整體形塑，以回應欲探究的問題。 經過資料分析過程，逐漸釋出本研究主體—杏芬園長「不成長就會被淘汰」的生命信念意涵，文本透露出自我完成性在主體生命開展歷程中，為一種突破環境限制與期望朝向更好的動力，促使主體一再超越現實環境的限制，萌生其積極性意義。「不進則退」生命觀於時間流動中架構出主體的生活經驗世界，形成生命能量內塑與外推之上揚動力，於接受工作挑戰與追求成長歷程中蛻變。於是可以看出，環境或自我本身的未確定性，雖然帶來了限制，卻也充滿無限可能性。最後，研究者就文本解析之內容，提出「公私幼消長生態下幼師的生存處境」議題進行探討；並且參照Csikszentmihalyi創造力系統論觀點，建立一個類似的系統原型，從個人、學門及領域三個面向，闡釋研究主體長期安身立命於幼教職業工作中的可能因素。 / “Either growing or eliminating”— A description analysis of a kindergarten teacher’s life revolving Due to the lack of management by the government in Taiwan in early years, there are many problems that exist in the field of early childhood education. Those impact the survival of the key personnel, the teachers, in this field directly. In the social context of high turn over ratio of the teachers in this field, how senior teachers keep standing fast at the post and moving forward is the center concern of this research. By interviewing a senior teacher’s working experience, the researcher gets to know the different patterns of the career of a kindergarten teacher; further more, to comprehend the transition of the social structure from reviewing the history in which the story happened. This research adopts biographic study under the qualitative methodology, and collects the data with “narrative interview” developing by Fritz Schűtze, a Germany sociologist. After interviewing a kindergarten principal, Sin-feng, who has been working for twenty-nine years in the early childhood education field, researcher followed Schűtze’s theory construction and analysis to analyze and shape the structure description and abstract concepts. After the process of data analysis, “either growing or eliminating” shows up to be Principal Sin-feng’s belief. The text shows that in one’s life process, self-completion is a motivation that can break through constrains of environment and head to a better situation. Therefore, we can see that although the uncertainty of environment and oneself can be constrains, it can also bring the unlimited possibility. At the end, researcher raised the topic of “kindergarten teachers’ subsistence in the growth and decline of public and private kindergartens” for discussion. Researcher revised and constructed a similar system from the creativity systematic viewpoint raised by Csikszentmihalyi, to explain the possible reasons, from personal, subject, and field aspects, that make the research object stay in the same career for such a long time.

本研究主要目的為探討原鄉教育路對幼師生涯發展的影響，透過四位烏來地區非原住民幼師的個案研究，瞭解幼師的生涯發展、影響幼師生涯發展因素、幼師的原鄉教育路及原鄉教育路如何影響幼師生涯發展，期望能提供到原住民族地區任教的其他非原住民教師在生涯規劃上的參考或協助。 本研究探討教師生涯發展主要以三位學者的理論為依據：Newman的週期論、Katz的階段論，與Fessler的循環論。影響幼師生涯發展因素則從以下的面向做討論：工作內容、人際交往、經濟報酬、文化因素等。幼師的原鄉教育路則分別從四個面向做討論：政策與制度、原鄉幼教師資、幼師與社區的關係與文化回應教學。 本研究採個案研究法，輔以半結構訪談方式蒐集資料，本研究綜合分析結果發現：個性、志向與家庭是影響教師生涯發展的風向球。個性、專業與關注方向會影響教師生涯發展模式的改變。人際關係、經濟報酬與福利影響幼師職涯變動。選擇原鄉教育路與幼師過去經驗有關。角色衝突與文化認同主宰文化回應教學的成效。 / The main purpose of this study was exploring the influences for the career development of preschool teachers working in indigenous areas. To understand the career development of preschool teachers, teacher career development factors, the working situation of preschool teachers in indigenous areas, and the influences for the career development of preschool teachers working in indigenous areas through four non-indigenous preschool teachers in Wulai. Hopefully, this study can be a reference to the preschool teachers when they plan their career development or make the career decisions. This study investigated that teacher career development mainly based on the theories of three scholars: the phase theory of Newman, the stage theory of Katz, and the cycle theory of Fessler. Career development factors of preschool teachers were discussed as follows: work content, interpersonal relationship, finance, and culture factors. The working situations of preschool teachers in indigenous areas were discussed as follows: policies and institutions, the profession of preschool teachers, the relationship between preschool teachers and community, and culturally responsive teaching. This study adopted multiple-case study, combined with semi-structured interviews to collect data. The results of this study were summarized as follows: Personality, ambition and family influence teachers' career development. Personality, profession and concerns will affect the model of teacher career development. Interpersonal relations, finance and welfare effect the career decisions of preschool teachers. Working in indigenous areas is related with the preschool teachers’ past experiences. Role conflict and culture identity dominate the effects of culturally responsive teaching.