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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

探討通路商合作程度對於品牌供應商促銷活動銷售量之干擾作用 / A study of how cooperation level between retailor and supplier impacts the sales performance during promotion period

李文瑋 Unknown Date (has links)
自1988年荷商與台灣豐群集團合作成立萬客隆正式開啟台灣零售量販店以來,至今量販通路已成為台灣民眾生活不可或缺之一環。然而就在2013年Fortune 500最新公佈沃爾瑪成為美國所有企業之榜首時,台灣的量販通路業者或因市場飽和,或因其他通路型態之興起而面臨劇烈之競爭導致營收衰退。在這樣的背景下,量販通路經營的最重要夥伴,品牌供應商亦面臨在量販通路中業績持續增長之瓶頸,因此如何維繫消費者之忠誠度以求企業經營績效之不墜,即為一門極重要的課題。本研究即欲透過實證研究,了解量販通路商如何藉由與品牌供應商之合作程度高低對於在促銷活動下,品牌價位別及促銷折扣幅度之影響,進而對最終的銷售量有所幫助。 為使得研究結果在信度上強而有力以作為實務參考,本研究選擇台灣主要品牌供應商與量販通路商各一,並實際以一年期之銷售資料作為研究分析之標的,採取量化方法,以多變數迴歸分析法實際檢測通路商合作程度此一干擾變數對於供應商品牌價位別及促銷折扣幅度兩自變數,及通路商銷售量此一應變數之影響。 研究結果顯示,在各品牌有促銷之前提且以賣場面積及消費者可支配所得為控制變數下,干擾變數對於兩自變數均無顯著影響,即通路商合作程度對於品牌價位別及促銷折扣幅度對於最終銷售量均無顯著影響,而在無干擾變數的情況下,促銷折扣幅度對於銷售量有顯著之正向相關。本研究結果對於品牌供應商與通路商之未來實務操作方向有參考作用,亦對單以問卷作量化研究之相關學術研究提供重要之研究成果。
2

何者較能增加表演藝術票房收益: 票價折扣或座位調整? / On Increasing Performing Arts’ Box Office Receipts: Ticket Discount vs. Seat Re-categorization

田鵑華, Tien, Chuan Hua Unknown Date (has links)
本文從差別取價之觀點切入,討論目前具價格僵固性之表演藝術產業的票房收入情形,在消費者受多種因素影響其購票決策時,廠商如何採取最適因應策略、以使營收極大化。本文以折價票及座位調整作為廠商策略,建立一經濟模型探討在不同座位種類、座位品質、及外在條件時,廠商採取各策略之最適反應。 從結果我們發現,就座位調整來說,當為兩種價區時,只有當外在條件好時增加高價區可增加營收,在其他外在條件下則不然;而若增加為三種價區座位,除特定區間外,所有的外在條件與座位品質組合皆能找到一增加營收的最適座位調整方式。而另一方面就折價票之效果,則是不論條件為何、皆不能增加營收。
3

台灣太陽光電競標市場研究 / The Study of Solar Energy Bidding Market in Taiwan

江柏珊 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著油價上漲,核能發電的安全性受到質疑,越來越多人關注再生能源發電的可行性,而台灣石油及煤礦等天然資源缺乏,再生能源變成可行的替方案。有鑑於此,政府開始透過政策補助以創造再生能源使用的經濟誘因,2009年「再生能源發展條例」通過後,我國綠能發電市場產生重大變化,其中發展最快速的即是太陽能發電市場。由於台灣太陽能產業發展多年,上、中、下游產業鏈佈局已經成熟,以地理環境條件來看,太陽能無論從成本、維護跟可行性來看都是再生能源中最適合於國內深耕的選項,因此在政府提出補助政策後,太陽能發電市場快速活絡起來,太陽能發電成為最新的企業或個人投資管道,形成國內一股安裝太陽光電的熱潮。 本文即以太陽能發電是否為合宜的投資標的為研究目標。首先從觀察市場的角度出發,說明我國太陽光電產業結構、下游發電系統類型、太陽能電廠案件的開發流程,接續介紹競標市場的形成背景、法令依據,並且逐步歸納歷年來補助政策調整對市場所造成的影響以及說明整體政策調整的方向,讓有意於電廠領域深耕之業者能夠對競標市場本質有完整認識。另外,為求找出影響競標市場變化的關鍵因素,本研究也蒐集各期得標資訊,包含折扣率、件數、容量等,用統計圖表方式呈現歷年來各指標變化,觀察競標市場的成長速度、影響折扣率變動之因子以及推論業者的競標策略。最後以目前已完成競標的折扣率資訊和假設的成本條件,試算歷年投資太陽光電的投資報酬率變化,藉此推判現在進入太陽光電競標市場,是否仍然有利可圖?研究結果提供給有意進入此市場的投資人與相關政策制定者作為參考。
4

房地產仲介市場交易行為之研究

李春長 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來台灣房屋仲介市場可說發展的相當快速,許多賣方和買方常基於成本的考量,而透過仲介公司來買賣房屋。當然,委託給仲介公司來買賣房屋。其中可能主要因素即著眼於縮短交易的時間或者是提高成交的機率,本研究的整個重心將圍繞在賣方的訂價高低(底價)賣屋動機與房屋的屬性來解釋銷售期間和成交機率的高低,並且本文擬得用搜尋理論和代理人理論來詮釋房地產仲介市場的交易行為。 本研究主要分成六章,第一章為緒論。第二章從搜尋理論的觀點來研究訂價與成交價和銷售期間的關係。我們從賣方決定訂價之後,買方會依據訂價要求折扣率,而賣方也會決定一願意給買方的最小折扣率的角度出發,來建構房屋搜尋模型。由理論得知,賣方折扣率底線愈大,則預期銷售期間愈長;銷售期間愈長,則預期賣方折扣率底線愈低;搜尋成本愈大,則預期賣方折扣率底線愈小;買方要求折扣率分配的平均數愈大,則預期賣方折扣率底線愈大。在實證研究上,利用信義房屋仲介公司所提供的資料(1990-1993),以銷售期間和訂價相對於成交價的比例為應變數,採用聯立方程式的方式來估計分析。實證結果發現上述幾項論點皆獲得驗證與支持。 第三章模型同時考慮賣方和仲介業的行為,一方面說明賣方搜尋成本和買方所要求折扣率分配對銷售期間和成交機率的影響,另一方面提供未來修正理論模型的基礎。利用存活分析法(survival analysis)來估計銷售期間。一方面,我們要探究影響房屋交易之銷售期間的可能原因為何?另一方面,我們也想了解銷售期間是否具有時間相依性(time dependence),是否銷售期間越長者,越不易賣出?或越容易賣出? 第四章利用logit模型來估計房屋成交的機率,由於危險模型為純粹之計量模型,而非由理論模型所導出,所以分配之假設將限制其估計模型與理論的關連性,而logit模型則無此問題,因此本研究亦嘗試用logit模型來做估計。 第五章利用代理與搜尋模型來分析賣方和仲介業間的行為關係。不同的仲介收費制度--固定百分比收費(fixed-percentage commission)、定額制(flat-fee)、代銷(consignment sale),對雙方利益衝突的衝擊為何,是否潛藏著嚴重的道德危險(moral hazard)。透過本篇的分析,可瞭解何以固定百分比收費制度是台灣房屋仲介市場的收費趨勢。最後一章為結論與未來研究方向。 / This paper employs search theory to study the re1ationships between the list price, the transaction price,and marketing duration in the Taiwan real estate market. Theoretically, buyer uses the a set of criteria together,with the listing price to develop an offer which is based on a (guest) minimurn discount rate guideline form the listing price to determine a price that will be acceptable to the seller. We attempt to describe the impact of pricing strategies (seller's minimum discoun rate) and marketing duration by incorporating the minimurn discount rate in a search model. The derived search model indicates the presence of a positbive retalionship between the minimurn discount rate and marketing duration;an inverse relationship beteween marketing duration and munimurn discount rate; an inverse relationship between searching costs and mininurn discount rate; and a positive relationship between the buyer's average discount rate of distribution function and minimum discount rate. The study uses data collected during the l990-1993 time period and provided by Hsin Yi Realty Co., with the dependent variables being the marketing duration and the ratio of the listing price to the transaction price. A simultaneous equation is developed and used to analyze the following hypotheses: firstly, the higher the ratio of the listing price against the transaction price, the longer it takes to reach the marketing duraion; secondly, the longer it takes to reach the marketing duraion, the higher the ratio of the listing price against the transaction price; thirdly, the longer the period of consignment, the longer it takes to reach the marketing duration; and the fourth,if the seller is not in a hurry to sell,then the marketing duration becomes longer. Our empirical findings verify and support all the above stated analyses.
5

322事件看台股期貨市場之流動性風險與系統性風險及短期投資折扣率之估算--從2004年總統大選後

張瀞文, Chang, Ching-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
民國93年3月22日,我國期貨市場發生一開盤後隨即跌停,而後無量下跌,引發我國期貨市場產生流動性風險及系統性危機之事件,此事件本研究將之簡稱為「322事件」。本研究首先將透過時間的推進來說明引發322事件之原因、發生經過,以及在此次事件中,為何會引發我國期貨市場之流動性風險及系統性危機之主要原因。本研究發現主要是因為在3月20日總統大選前,大多數的期貨交易人均預期選後的股市會有一波漲幅,故過份建立期貨多頭部位,但是經過了3月19日的槍擊總統一案以及3月20日的選舉爭議,都讓民眾對未來充滿不確定性,以致在3月22日一開盤便委賣遠大於委買,期貨成交量萎縮,期貨交易人損失慘重,保證金嚴重不足,而引發流動性風險及系統性危機。 而後,期貨主管機關為因應金融自由化及國際化,目前正研擬開放多種店頭市場金融商品供期貨商自營操作,但開放後期貨商勢必將承擔更高之市場風險,主管機關應該如何因應成了開放前最重要之課題。資本適足率係主管機關在監理期貨商經營是否健全時的第一道防線,故本研究便建構一新模型,用以估算欲開放之新種金融商品的短期投資折扣率,本研究並以台指選擇權為例,透過本模型估算其最適之短期投資折扣率,結果與目前期貨交易所所規範之40%相去不遠。 最後,本研究提出數點建議,以期未來再度發生類似於322事件時,能夠降低我國期貨市場面臨之流動性風險及系統性危機。同時,也建議期貨主管機關未來在設算金融商品之短期投資折扣率時,能夠依循一具合理原則性之模型估算,避免未來當開放多種金融商品後,產生彼此間原則相抵觸之問題。 / In 2004, Taiwan’s future market suffered both serious liquidity risk and systematic risk. At March 22nd in 2004, the Taiwan Future Index fall down and touched the maximum limit-7% suddenly. The volume of future market was extremely low. This paper called this event as “322 event.” This paper has two parts. First the paper will illustrate the 322 event. What caused the 322 event? And how the 322 event happened? This paper will seek these answers. We found that the main reasons to cause the liquidity risk and systematic risk are too many investors bought futures. This was because they believed after the 2004 President election, the Taiwan’s stock market would rise to celebrate. At March 19th, the President Chen Shui-Bian encountered a shot murder. At March 20th, some serious dispute took place and made our society was full of insecurity. Investors began concern the stock market would be uncertain. They didn’t buy any futures like before, but in contrast they started to sell it. The another aspect in this paper is to construct a model. In order to follow up the liberalization and globalization, the government authority plans to open more derivatives for the futures corporations to invest. But how do the government authorities monitor these futures corporations becomes an important lesson. This paper will also seek the answers through constructing a model using VaR model to estimate the short-term investment discount ratio. Then this paper uses Taiwan Stock Option as an example examining whether the model is useful. The short-term investment discount ratio of the stock option by model is 40.89%. This outcome is much closed to 40%, the regulated discount ratio. Finally, this paper provides several advices in order to diminish the liquidity risk and systematic risk when futures market will suffer what similar to 322 event in the future. And this paper gives some information to supervisors about how to construct a model to estimate the short-term investment discount ratio so that the ratio is ensured following a logical principle.
6

探討預期性對比效果之神經機制 / Investigation of the neural mechanisms of anticipatory contrast effect

林緯倫, Lin, Wea Lun Unknown Date (has links)
很多行為的建構基礎是來自酬賞動機,而個體的行為表現通常是動態的歷程,其中對酬賞物的“價值”比較,是決定行為是否輸出或輸出多少的重要關鍵。在鼠類的動物行為模式中,可以利用甜液舔飲來進行這種對比(contrast)歷程的實驗。在受試可先後獲得兩次舔飲機會的實驗情境中,若兩管濃度皆為4%的蔗糖液先後間隔特定時距出現,受試會隨訓練天數增加而增加對兩管糖液的舔飲表現。若第一管4%蔗糖液之後會呈現濃度較高的32%蔗糖液,受試舔飲第一管同為濃度4%蔗糖液的表現會隨訓練天數增加而先增後減。這兩組受試對第一管糖液的舔飲量差異,即稱為預期性對比效果。一般認為此現象是受試等待與預期較高酬賞價值的糖液,而抑制當前較低酬賞價值糖液的舔飲。過去對此現象的研究主要關注在行為層面的探討,然而其相關神經機制的研究並不多,本研究的目的即在於探討與習得或形成預期性對比行為有關的神經機制。一般認為預期性對比效果的習得包含多階段的歷程,可能與多種心理行為面向有關,因此很有可能是經由多元性的神經機制參與。預期性對比效果的形成與否與兩糖液呈現的間距長短有很大的關係。本研究實驗一以0.5分鐘、2分鐘以及6分鐘三個不同的糖液間距引發的預期對比效果,從當中選取可有效形成預期性對比效果的0.5分鐘為實驗二糖液間距的依據。實驗二分別以興奮性神經毒素破壞依核核心區、眶前額皮質區以及杏仁體基側核區等三個神經區域。結果顯示杏仁核基側核區破壞不影響預期性對比效果的習得,而依核核心區以及眶前額皮質的破壞使受試無法習得預期性對比效果。綜合以上結果,預期性對比效果的習得是依靠有效的糖液呈現間距去進行酬賞比較,腦中依核核心區及眶前額皮質區與該種對比有關。 / Many types of behavior are constructed on the basis of reward motivation, which can be run in dynamic processes. Among those processes potentially involved, the reward comparison is a key determinant for the magnitude of behavioral output. The licking of sweet solution in the rat can be used as an animal model to investigate the contrast effect derived from reward comparison. In which, the subjects presented two sweet solutions in a sequential order each day may suppress intake of the first solution if the second solution is preferred. This phenomenon is termed anticipatory contrast effect (ACE). It is hypothesized that ACE could be built via an inhibition process associated with subject’s waiting for a preferred solution as presented by a less preferred solution. Most of the previous studies were mainly focused on the behavioral aspects of ACE. The present study intended to investigate the neural mechanisms of ACE. In considering that the formation of ACE requires multiple-stage processes, this study presumed that more than one brain area could be involved in mediating those psycho-behavioral processes. Experiment 1 was intended to establish behavioral model by manipulating the effectiveness of different inter-solution interval (ISI; 0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 min). The results showed that the ISI of 0.5 min is the critical parameters for the successful formation of ACE, which was then applied in Experiment 2. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of excitotoxin lesion conducted by ibotenic acid in the nucleus accumbens core (NACc), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) or basolateral amygdala (BLA) on the acquisition of ACE. The result showed the rats with NACc or OFC lesion significantly failed to acquire ACE, but no such impairment appeared to BLA lesion. Together, these data suggest that the formation of ACE is depended upon the ISI leading to an effective reward comparison, and the NACc or OFC is involved in such a contrast processing.

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