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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

馬可夫轉換模型在黃金現貨、石油價格 之實證研究 / Markov switching model-An empirical in gold price and oil price

徐正憲 Unknown Date (has links)
景氣循環一直是許多經濟學者企圖釐清的現象,長久以來各國採用各種貨幣與財政政策,試圖迴避景氣衰退,對於景氣循環轉折點的認定或預測並沒有單一解答,適逢近年來油價與金價一路飆漲,可能影響到景氣波動。因此本文探討杜拜原油價格是否與景氣波動有關,而國際黃金現貨成長率如何受到景氣波動影響,以Hamilton(1989)提出的馬可夫轉換模型,將兩資料區分為高與低成長狀態,對照國發會所公布的景氣收縮與擴張期間,發現原油價格在景氣收縮轉為擴張後會呈現高成長狀態,而黃金並無明顯現象,考慮到兩資料可能有結構改變情形,以Andrews(1993)提出的Quandt-Andrew結構改變檢定,找出結構改變轉折點,發現兩資料各有一個結構改變時點,相較於捕捉數個轉折點的馬可夫轉換模型,前者表現較為遜色,最後將資料以此結構改變時點分割並配飾分期馬可夫轉換模型,發現分期後的結果與一般的馬可夫轉換模型差異不大,而原油與黃金價格容易受到突發事件影響,故不適合用在認定景氣循環的轉折點。
2

國際公司改名對股票市場和借款成本的影響 / Two essays on the benefits and costs of corporate name changes: evidence from stock and loan markets

林曉梅, Lin, Hsiao Mei Unknown Date (has links)
本文包含兩篇文章,分別探討國際市場公司改名對企業股價與借款成本的影響。從本文的實證分析結果得知,國際市場公司改名對公司股票價格與其貸款成本有截然不同的影響。 Cooper, Dimitrov and Rau (2001)與Cooper et al. (2005)發現當網際網路興盛時,不論公司業務主體是否與網際網路有關,於公司名稱加入與網路有關文字之公司其股價報酬上升且維持一段時間;然而,當網際網路衰弱時,將公司名稱刪除網路字樣之公司,其股價出現顯著異常報酬,使得股東財富增加。鑒於近年來國際石油價格急遽上升,之後又逢美國次級房貸風暴因而暴跌,國際石油價格的波動走勢提供本文第一篇文章之研究動機。本文第一篇文章的研究目的在於探討當國際石油價格持續上升時,國際市場公司是否傾向變更其公司名稱,將其公司名稱加入「石油」或「原油」等相關之文字,透過公司名稱的變更提高企業價值;而當國際石油價格急速下降時,國際市場公司是否反而傾向將其公司名稱刪除「石油」或「原油」等相關之文字,以防止股價下跌。此外,由於美國與加拿大地理位置與文化相近,過去文獻常將兩者作比較。顧此,本文進一步探討美國公司與加拿大公司更名對企業股價的影響是否有顯著地差異。 本文發現當國際石油價格上漲時,美國公司傾向將其公司名稱加入「石油」或「原油」等相關之文字且其股價報酬上升,企業價值增加。然而,當美國次級房貸風暴時期,投資人深恐石油產業將受美國次級房貸危機影響,因此變更公司名稱之公司其股價下跌。另外,本文發現由於近年來加拿大為世界主要石油輸出國之一,投資人對石油產業公司的了解度較佳,因此美國與加拿大公司更名對企業股價有不同的影響。 過去文獻主要以股東角度探討公司更名議題,本文第二篇文章主要從銀行貸款者的角度來探討公司更名的影響。本文認為公司更名提高貸款者與借款者之間的資訊不對稱,增加銀行貸款者評估借款者未來還款能力的不確定性。為了要降低不確定性帶來的財務風險,銀行貸款者傾向提高借款利息或增加要求抵押擔保品。本文發現在公司更名後,公司須負擔較高的借款成本、較多的抵押品擔保與合約限制。此外,公司更名後,願意加入聯合貸款的銀行數目降低。 這些實證結果支持本文的推論。在股票市場上,公司變更公司名稱對企業價值有顯著地影響,管理階層藉由變更公司名稱影響投資人對其的看法(investor sentiment),進而提高股票價值。然而,在借貸市場上,公司變更名稱提高公司與貸款者間之資訊不對稱,公司更名須償付較高的借款成本和較多的抵押品擔保。本文的實證結果說明金融機構對公司治理具有監督和管理的重要角色。 / Two essays are comprised in this dissertation to examine the benefits and costs of corporate name changes. The empirical investigation on corporate name changes in stock market and loan market provide the entirely different insights on the effect of corporate name changes. With the recent oil price in surge and then crash, I have the opportunity to examine whether firms have the incentives to changes their names when oil price surge. In the first essay, I examine the wealth effect of corporate name changes involving oil-related terms. Following Cooper, Dimitrov and Rau (2001) and Cooper et al. (2005), I argue that firms tend to change their name by adding the words “oil” or “petroleum” to names when oil price in surge, while deleting the words “oil” or “petroleum” to names when oil price in a crash. I also compare the effect of corporate name changes between U.S. and Canadian stock market. Consistent with the prediction, I provide the evidence that there exists valuation effect of corporate name changes involving oil-related terms in U.S. stock market when the recent oil price surge. When financial crisis exploded U.S. stock market reacts significant negatively to corporate name changes. This is perhaps because investors expect economic difficulty caused by the financial crisis, which in turn, would hurt the oil industry and high oil price is not expected to be sustainable. On the contrary, relative to U.S. market, Canadian stock market has little reaction on the corporate name changes regardless of the type of name changes or market condition. This opposite results can be attributed to the different economic structure between U.S. and Canadian market. In the second essay, I focus on the effect of corporate name changes from the perspective of bank loan holders. I examine the cost of corporate name changes in the loan contracting. A corporate name changes creates information asymmetry and uncertainty about the future cash flow of a firms. To reduce the increase of credit risk, bank loan holders would attempt to enhance the efficient monitoring by tighter contracting terms and more concentrated lending structure. Consistent with this argument, the empirical results show that loan after name changes have significantly higher loan spread, higher probability of being secured, more general covenant restrictions and fewer lenders participate in a syndicated loan. Following Wu (2010), I categorize corporate name changes into different types of name changes and examine whether there is different effect among different types of name changes. I find that firms experiencing radical name changes are more likely to bear more financing costs. Lastly, I provide the evidence that firms pay higher borrowing costs when investors experience a significantly positive reaction from stock market through cosmetic name changes, which illustrate the importance of banks playing the role of monitoring and controlling borrowers.
3

油價上漲對我國出口貿易之影響

任中原, Ren, Zhong-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
本論文之研究重點,在於說明油價上漲後,對我國的出口貿易數額、貿易結構及出口 競爭力所造成的影響;並針對油價上漲問題,提出我國在出口貿易方面所應採取的因 應之道。 第一章係導論,分析國際油價變動的態勢,並說明本論文之研究目的、研究方法、及 研究限制。 第二章係說明石油在我國經濟中所佔的地位,並介紹我國石化工業發展概況。 第三章係說明油價上漲對我國出口貿易結構的影響; 第四章係分析油價上漲對我國出口競爭力的影響; 第五章則係結論與建議。
4

模糊時間數列分析與預測—以石油價格為例 / Fuzzy Time Series Analysis and Forcasting – with an Example of Oil Prices

陳蒼山 Unknown Date (has links)
石油是維持人類生存必需的商品,是容易運輸、儲存、使用的能源。石油價格的漲跌,將直接或間接影響經濟成長與物價水準。以公司營運來說,對海運業、航空業、石油公司等石油高度相關行業來說,購油成本一直佔據公司總成本相當大的比例,因此石油價格的變動,將使得會計年度內的購油成本高低相差甚大,進而影響公司整體營運利潤,因此購油決策重要性自不待言。當預測油價會上漲時,則公司將會以較低的石油價格購入較多的石油事先加以貯存或使用,以降低全年購油成本與分散風險。本文嘗試著導入模糊統計的概念並建立多變量多階自廻歸模糊時間數列模式,以期應用在油價之預測。實證方面則收集紐約商品交易所 (NYMEX: New York Mercantile Exchange) 的每日原油收盤價原始資料,針對原油價格進行模糊時間數列分析與預測,並比較命中率、誤差率與準確度。相信這對於購油風險控管及降低成本,提高公司盈餘深具意義。
5

恐慌指標與股價指數關聯性之研究 / A Study of the Relationship between Fear Indicators and Stock Indexes

張耿榮, Jhang, Geng Rong Unknown Date (has links)
2015年下半年開始,許多有關市場黑天鵝的新聞佈滿各大媒體版面,其中不乏「某恐慌指標創歷史新高」此類令投資人恐懼的標題。然事實上卻未見到各國股價指數有大幅修正的現象,以MSCI全球指數而言,下半年總計僅修正6.49%。為了探討這些不同於傳統VIX指數的恐慌指標是否會顯著影響股價指數的表現。本論文透過VAR、VECM以及ARDL模型,探討金價油價比、CBOE偏態指數、瑞士信貸CSFB指數以及泰德價差這四種恐慌指標對於當前全球前四大經濟體股價指數的關聯性。 美國是全世界經濟的領頭羊,其經濟情勢與全球每一個國家的榮景息息相關,美國股價指數的表現亦是相當受到全球投資人所關注的。故本論文首先透過探討這四種恐慌指標對於S&P 500指數的影響,再利用S&P 500指數領先各國股價指數的特性進一步得出結論。實證結果發現,S&P 500指數對於其他三個股價指數確實具有短期同向的影響,長期而言亦具有穩定的線性關係。另外,金價油價比無論在短期及長期下皆無法有效代理市場的恐慌程度而影響S&P 500指數;CBOE偏態指數與瑞士信貸CSFB指數在長期下得以領先S&P 500指數的變化,當該二指數走高,代表 S&P 500指數在近期的波段高點可能即將來臨,亦即隱含該二指數對於S&P 500指數具有領先同向變化的現象;泰德價差為市場用以衡量信用風險的指標之一,當泰德價差擴大,隱含市場風險貼水增加,不利股市發展,其與S&P 500指數則具有長期穩定的負向關係。本論文最後也針對這四種恐慌指標的預測能力進行探討,發現瑞士信貸CSFB指數在預測S&P 500指數的能力上,相對其他三種恐慌指標優異。 / There were so many hearsays about the potential black swan events dominating the news in the second half of 2015. Headlines were about some fear indicators hit historic high but, in realistic, world stock market did not be significantly influenced under this panic atmosphere. Take MSCI World Index for instance, the index dropped only 6.49% in the second half of 2015, which was relatively unreasonable under this condition. In order to find out whether or not the fluctuations of these fear indicators can significantly affect stock indexes, VAR, VAEM and ARDL model to discuss the relationships between 4 fear indicators and 4 stock indexes─gold to oil ratio, CBOE Skew Index, Credit Suisse Fear Barometer Index, TED spread, S&P 500 Index, MSCI Europe Index, SSE A Share Index and Nikkei 225 Index are adopted in this study. Global investors pay close attention to the performance of the U.S. Stock indexes as U.S. economy condition can affect the economies of the rest of the world. Consequently, we investigated the effects of 4 fear indicators to the S&P 500 Index then employed relationships between S&P 500 Index and other 3 stock indexes to do further discussion. The results show S&P 500 positively affects the performances of other 3 stock indexes in short term and has a steady relationship with each of them respectively in the long term. The changes of gold to oil ratio could not significantly influence the performance of S&P 500 Index no matter in the short term or the long term. CBOE Skew Index and CSFB Index have significant positive influences on S&P 500 and are leading indicators to S&P 500 Index. Lastly, TED spread has a steady negative relationship with S&P 500 in long term, and CSFB Index has the highest predictive power among the 4 fear indicators.

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