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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

鉄鋼スラグを活用したカルシア改質土の実用化に向けた土質特性の評価と品質管理に関する研究

赤司, 有三 26 September 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24275号 / 地環博第235号 / 新制||地環||45(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 勝見 武, 准教授 高井 敦史, 教授 肥後 陽介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM
32

巴塞爾資本協定三之流動性風險規範指標對銀行資產負債表結構影響之分析—以臺灣銀行業為例 / The Analysis on the Impacts of Liquidity Regulations under BASEL III on Banks’ Balance Sheet Structures:Evidence from Taiwan

官姿伶, Kuan, Tzu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
銀行產業之特性使得其容易遭受流動性風險之影響,且現行的新巴塞爾資本協定(BASEL II)未具備統一的流動性管理制度,導致銀行在金融危機時期,因為流動性短缺招致經營困境,造成金融體系的崩潰。為此巴塞爾銀行監理委員會(BASEL Committee on Banking Supervision, BCBS)在2010年提出巴塞爾資本協定三(BASEL III),除了對於資本要求提出較嚴格定義外,更首度對流動性風險提出量化指標,包含流動性覆蓋比率(Liquidity Coverage Ratio, LCR)以及淨穩定資金比率(Net Stable Funding Ratio, NSFR)。本文將採用個案研究與實證分析,分別探討兩項規範指標實施後將對銀行之資產負債表內外結構產生何種影響。研究結果指出,若銀行選擇增加第二層高品質流動性資產以提升高品質流動性資產總額,將使利息收入高於投資在第一層高品質流動性資產,銀行可同時兼顧監理機關最低監理要求和公司獲利。淨穩定資金比率方面,外商銀行的表現明顯優於公股及民營銀行。而實證結果亦顯示若淨穩定資金比率於研究期間開始執行,將使銀行更加謹慎審視其所面臨之風險,進而減少自身所承擔之風險,以提升資本穩定度。 / After financial crisis, the turmoil in global financial markets raises issues with macroeconomic policies, financial stabilities and regulations. Hence BASEL III has been introduced. BASEL III is a comprehensive set of reform measures, proposed by the BASEL Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). It builds on the BASEL I and BASEL II documents, and seeks to enhance the banking sector's ability, improve risk management and banks' transparency. Besides, it introduced two required liquidity ratios, i.e. the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). This paper investigates the impact of new liquidity regulations on banks’ balance sheet structure by two methodologies. First, we study the case of bank in Taiwan to find out how LCR affects bank’s operation. Secondly, we select 18 commercial banks in Taiwan and classify them into three categories based on the type of ultimate controller to tell differences among three samples concerning the components of NSFR. Finally, we applied NEWEY-WEST HAC method with samples of 18 commercial banks in Taiwan to figure out the factors that may affects bank’s risk-taking, we utilize and analysis each bank’s financials during the period from 2010 to 2013. Our results show that the object of the study can reach the minimum requirement of LCR. Besides, BASEL III capital stability requirement, if implemented in the sample period, probably would diminish risk-taking by banks. This research can also provide banks with the information about how the liquidity regulations affect banks’ balance sheet structure.
33

住宅金融資金流通之研究 : 兼論中古抵押權交易市場制度可行性分析

林素凰, LIN, SU-HUANG Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要乃針對住宅金融的特性,分別從資金供給者與需求者的角度,對國內住宅金融體系中住宅資金流通的情形作分析探討。首先從相關理論探討住宅資金流通的本質,再經由國內外住宅金融運作體制的比較與國內現況分析,發現國內住宅金融資金供給管道不似國外具多樣性,金融機構為目前主要的資金供給者。但一般金融機構在承作住宅金融後,常會導致其資金流動性不足的缺點。美國的中古抵押權交易市場制度(The Secondary Mortage Market) 即在改善住宅金融流動性匱乏的問題。因此本文乃設計一典型個案,建立住宅金融資金流動性指標,對住宅金融資金流動性予以衡量分析,另外針對影響資金流動性的因素進行敏感度分析後發現,在既有法令規定下,延長住宅放款期限至三十年,對銀行資金流動性並無太顯著影響。同時也應用典型個案對國內實施中古抵押權交易市場制度後的影響,作財務上的模擬分析,結果證明發行不動產抵押擔保債券確實能改善住宅金融目前缺乏流動性的缺點,同時亦能增加銀行利潤,對於住宅貸款利率的降低亦有所助益,但其先決條件需有政府的加強保證該債券信用,以使其能順利銷售。故今後欲促進住宅金融資金流動性,政府應扮演更積極的角色,建立一套適合國內實施的中古抵押權交易市場運作架構,負起監督輔導的責任,同時本文建議在國內實施該制度初期,可考慮由土地銀行優先試辦,之後再及於推廣於一般金融機構,以真正充實住宅金融長期資金來源,使住宅建設更順利推展。
34

Co-movement in Market Liquidity Measures / 市場流動性指標之共動性

劉鴻耀, Liu, Hung-Yao Unknown Date (has links)
Abstract Undoubtedly, liquidity is one of the most popular topics of research among the academia for decades. However intuitively-clear it is, scholars and experts have always found it not only hard but vague to define and measure. Moreover, researches or methods concerning commonality in liquidity are proposed one after another. Most of these works attempt to document what lies beneath the commonality by offering industry-wide or market-wide explanations. Nevertheless, this paper adopts an exact multivariate model-based structural decomposition methodology developed by Casals, Jerez and Sotoca (2002) to analyze the co-movement in market liquidity measures in a totally different manner. Except for decomposing three well-known market liquidity measures, share volume, dollar volume and turnover rate, of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) into trend, cycle, seasonal and irregular components, we conduct advanced bivariate analysis to extract common components, visualize them, and make a comparison among them at last. Evidence suggests that not only do these three liquidity proxies highly co-move with one another, but dollar volume seems to co-move slightly closer with share volume than with turnover rate. In the end, where this phenomenon, co-movement in market liquidity measures, accrues from is another long story and needs some further work not covered in this study.
35

央行公開市場操作對利率變動影響與公司避險效果分析

李卿企, Lee ,Chin Chi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究分為兩大部份,第一部份為探討利率的變動,主要研究央行每日公開市場操作對利率的影響,此部份包含了兩篇文章,分別為「以門檻自我迴歸模型(TAR,Threshold auto-regression model,Tong(1983),Tsay(1989))估計央行公開市場操作對利率的影響」及「以Multiple Criteria Selection Model (Maddala,1983)估計央行公開市場操作對利率的影響」,研究樣本為日資料。在第一篇文章利用門檻自我迴歸模型估計用以區分央行動態性或防禦性公開市場操作的指標 的門檻值,利用估計出的 推論央行進行動態性或防禦性操作。第二篇文章利用第一篇文章所估計出的 將樣本區分為央行進行防禦性操作或動態性操作的樣本,並同時考慮央行是否進行公開市場操作反應函數及央行一旦決定進行公開市場操作後其要採取防禦性或動態性公開市場操作的反應函數,以Multiple Criteria Selection Model估計,同時本文更進一步考慮央行對於公開市場操作態度改變對此影響效果的影響,實證結果發現在央行總裁表示將更積極公開市場操作後,即2003年3月14日之後,發現當央行進行動態性公開市場操作可以有效的改變市場利率,而當央行進行防禦性操作則可以有效的沖銷準備金市償的干擾因子,降低市場利率的波動。 本論文第二部份為分析衍生性金融產品避險對公司價值的影響,比較與檢定有避險公司與無避險公司其公司價值差異,並討論公司以衍生性金融商品避險的動機,同時也比較當公司決定避險後,選擇大範圍避險與小範圍避險對公司價值是否也有影響。研究的對象為台灣上市公司中的529家公司,結果發現出口比率與公司規模是公司選擇避險重要的考慮因素,同時發現避險公司的Tobin’s Q、ROA、ROE與PMS皆大於無避險公司。 / There are two issues we concern in this paper. The first one is to investigate the daily effect of open market operation on short-term interest rate. The second one is to analysis the effect of hedging with derivatives by the firms on the firm’s value. About the first issue, the net issue of central bank’s certificates of deposit (CD) is functioned as the open market operation instrument. At beginning, employing a simple linear regression model, the benchmark model in our paper, the counter-intuitive evidence that issuance of DC decreases the short-term interest rate is found. To solve this puzzle, first, we define an index of open market operation to disentangle the effect of the defensive operation from the dynamic operation and use TAR model to estimate the value of . Next, we apply the Multiple Criteria Selection Model (MCSM) to solve the problems of selection bias and to estimate the two decision functions and the effects of daily open market operations. At last, we also consider the change of central bank’s attitude toward the open market operations. We separate the sample by the date (13-April-2003) of the speech of the governor of CBC, Fai-Nan Perng. We find that after 13-April-2003, the issuance of CD increase the short-term interest rate under dynamic O.M.O. and the coefficient is significantly different from zero, which means the daily liquidity effect exists. About the second issue, we compare and test the firm’s value difference between the firms hedging with derivatives and the firms without hedging. We also try to find the determinants of firm’s hedging. Our sample is the 529 firms listed in TSEC (Taiwan stock exchange corp.).
36

總體衝擊下的金融中介活動

葉又菁 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文著眼於「無法在任意時點,利用不同經濟個體進行避險」的總體衝擊, 以「經濟個體的終生消費流量平滑化」為目標貫穿全文,探討金融中介活動所扮演的角色。全文包含兩部分。 第一部分,假設經濟體系的風險性資產總量固定且產出每期波動,是總體衝擊的來源。本文認為金融中介在累積利潤的同時,也建立了為經濟個體提供總體衝擊緩衝機制的能力;中介的利潤空間、獨占力量及契約內容共同影響總體風險分攤的運作。而金融中介與直接金融交易二者的風險分攤功能彼此互補,並非相互競爭。此外,政府應適當規範金融中介的市場結構,避免金融中介擁有過大或不足的獨占力量,進而引導中介提供福利水準較高的金融契約。 第二部分,進一步考慮將資源投入安全性與風險性生產技術的投資決策。本文認為在「經濟個體面臨個別流動性風險、且缺乏流動性的長期生產技術屬於風險性投資」的情況下,跨世代金融中介可以利用股權形式的金融契約,吸引每期新世代經濟個體參與,使當期既存中年世代參與者的風險配置效率藉由新存款的挹注而獲得改善、減緩產出波動與個人流動性需求不確定對經濟個體終生消費配置的衝擊。新世代經濟個體參與跨代中介機制不僅可與中年世代共享經濟繁榮的好處,提升事前期望效用;並且亦延續中介既有的經營策略,繼續從事跨世代金融中介業務。
37

企業跨國掛牌研究-以台灣市場為個案

許雅鈞, Hsu, Ya Chun Unknown Date (has links)
自2002年以來,台商企業因法令設有投資大陸40%上限,以及租稅制度相對較不優惠等因素,遂轉赴香港新加坡等海外市場上市以求繞開政策上的限制,從資本市場直接籌資。國內企業出現一波朝外的推力,遂因此導致我國近年來上市公司家數成長遲緩的現象。本研究係從學術理論出發,以市場分割假說、法律約束假說、投資人認可假說、流動性假說該四個構面探討企業海外掛牌的動機,並以台灣資本市場作為個案,審慎分析與評估企業跨國上市後的股票交易量流向。 最後,分別從主管當局、證券交易所及櫃買中心就其所應扮演的角色,提出未來努力方向,期望能提供台灣資本市場扭轉劣勢、提昇競爭力的根本之道,使台灣成為一個具有區域競爭力的高流動性的資本市場。建議主管當局積極營造一個更開放、交易成本更低廉的資本市場,提昇自身的投資環境、降低法規障礙。建議交易所與櫃買中心未來可從監理的角色轉變成純粹提供「流動性」服務的公司,將市場監理的機制,交由第三者來負責。交易所與櫃買中心則專注於提供低成本、高流動性的服務。證券交易所之間的策略聯盟亦是未來發展的重要策略。 / Since 2002, Taiwanese companies have been restricted by the law of inverstment upper limit 40%. Moreover, the tax regime in Taiwan is less favorable for companies. When choosing where to list, instead of staying in Taiwan, a lot of Taiwanese companies started to pick other markets such as Hong Kong to avoid the inverstment restriction and raise fund directly from Mainland China. This results in the outwards power, making the number of the companies which newly listed in Taiwan stock market decrease. This paper starts from four academic theories: market segmentation hypothesis, legal bonding hypothesis, investor recognition hypothesis, and liquidity hypothesis, to discuss the motivations behind the cross-listing decision made by companies. Furthermore, taking the capital market of Taiwan as a case study, this paper analyses and evaluates the trading volume after cross-listing thoroughly. At last, this paper provides several suggestions for Taiwanese government, TSEC and OTC respectly; hopely those can make the capital market of Taiwan much more competitive and of higher liquidity. We suggest that the authority should try to build a market with less restrictions and lower trading costs, improve the investiment environment, and remove the legal barriers. In the other hand, we suggest TSEC and OTC might outsource their monitoring function to another independent party in the future, and transform into companies simply provide the good: “liquidity”. Thus, they can focus on providing lower cost of liquidity. The strategic alliance between exchanges is also an important stratedy.
38

異質性偏好與地方公共財之最適提供水準 / Heterogeneous Preferences and the Optimal Provision of Local Public Goods

王舒齡, Wang, Shu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
本文以Tiebout (1956) 之假說 (Tiebout Hypothesis) 為基礎,在數個轄區之經濟環境下,假設人民具有「異質性偏好」及「完全移動性」,利用模擬 (simulation) 的方式,探討人口以及地方公共財之最適配置狀況,並探討其背後所隱含之經濟意義。 本文之研究發現有以下三點。第一,對於公共財具有異質性偏好、且具有完全移動性時,個人會依據自我選擇機制 (self-selection),選擇使其效用極大化之轄區居住,產生區分 (sorting) 之效果,符合Tiebout所預期。第二,就比較靜態發現,在技術水準越高,或者私有財之偏好越高的情況下,高偏好轄區的人口越多,每人持有消費性公共財數量也越多;而當資本產出彈性增加,則高偏好地區人口越少,且每人持有消費性公共財數量越少。第三,若中央政府徵單一稅 (uniform tax) ,且定額稅與資本稅之稅額相等,則以中央政府的角度觀之,不論何種稅制,均不影響全國地方公共財之總提供水準,故異質性偏好在此未造成任何影響。但若以地方政府的角度觀之,並以「每人持有公共財數量」之角度切入,則異質性偏好不但造成區分效果,更使轄區之資源配置具有脫離對稱均衡的可能。若將社會總福利水準極大化時之定額稅定義為最適稅率,其所對應之每人持有地方公共財,定義為公共財之最適提供水準,以此作為比較基礎,則在課徵資本稅之下,生產要素使用之扭曲性,影響人民之消費行為,進而改變轄區內原來的資源配置,強化轄區間資源配置的差異。在本文以兩個轄區為例,並以消費性公共財為分析重點之模型,發現地方公共財的提供,受到轄區內個人偏好強度差異之影響,出現偏好強度高之轄區公共財提供過多,偏好強度低之轄區公共財提供不足之結果。 關鍵字:Tiebout、異質性偏好、完全流動性、自我選擇機制、區分效果。
39

評價未公開發行公司流動性價差之研究-以日本市場為例 / The study of liquidity discount in valuing privately held companies- the case of Japanese market

許淑茵 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之主旨為透過「併購交易比較法」探討日本市場「未公開發行公司」之流動性折價幅度。綜觀現存文獻中,衡量流動性折價的實證研究方法有「首次公開發行比較法」、「限制性股票比較法」與「退場之市場倍數期望值比較法」。由於上述研究方法皆有其缺失之處,因此本研究沿用Koeplin, Sarin, and Shapiro[2000]提出之「併購交易比較法」以併購交易之市場倍數衡量「未公開發行公司」之折價幅度。更進一步藉由建構「參考配對組合」,為併購標的為「未公開發行公司」之交易案尋找一組與其在相同國家、交易年份、產業與類似規模之併購標的為「公開發行公司」交易案,計算各市場倍數之流動性折價幅度。 本研究檢視西元1998年至2007年,共十年間於日本發生之併購交易,並限制為控制性股權交易。最終可得樣本為146個配對組合,平均流動性折價幅度為22%~30%。經由橫斷面迴歸分析發現,所觀察到的流動性價差隨「未公開發行公司」特性與產業不同而有所差異。產業別之研究分析發現,「建築業」為六大產業中各市場倍數所計算的流動性折價幅度最深者;「金融、保險及不動產業」,則為六大產業中各市場倍數所計算的流動性折價幅度最小者。交易年份別之研究發現,各市場倍數計算出的流動性價差所呈現的趨勢與日本市場歷年來併購交易案數量呈現「反向關係」,即當併購交易熱絡期間,「流動性價差」走降;而於併購交易案較為冷卻期間,「流動性價差」則上升。對於若為高成長的大型公司,其流動性折價幅度則將大幅低於其他條件之公司。由本研究之實證結果顯示,投資人爾後於評價「流動性之價差」時,將不宜應用單一折價幅度於所有「未公開發行公司」。 / Little is known about valuation of privately held companies, for which the fact that there is no sufficient information and no ready market. In general, investors will pay less for one there is no ready market compared to one that is readily marketable, ceteris paribus. Then we all accept that a private firm’s value will be reduced for lack of marketability, applying the value of the discount is a difficult matter. To the best of our knowledge, research in the past decades has relied on “IPO Approach”, “Restricted stock approach”, and “Expected exit multiple approach”. Those approaches have inherent drawbacks so this study follows the current approach of Koeplin, Sarin, and Shapiro (2000) to use a matching technique. This study uses “reference portfolio” to construct control portfolios of acquisitions of public companies for each acquisition of private companies. For 146 comparable reference portfolio between 1998 and 2007 in Japan, the average discount is 22%~30%. Our cross-sectional analysis shows, however, that the discount observed varies with the characteristics of the firm and with the industry. This study breaks down the discount by industry, with the highest discount found in construction and the lowest in finance, insurance and real estate. We also found discount decreases during hot M&A years and increases during cold M&A years. For large and growth private firms, the discount tends to be much smaller. Overall, our findings suggest that using constant discount across private firms is wrong.
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金融中介與經濟成長

許僑芯, Hsu, Chiao-Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
本文以Levine(1991)設計流動性與經濟成長的理論模型,為主要架構來分析,針對金融中介幫助流動性風險改善做一探討。實證對象為亞洲地區之台灣、南韓與菲律賓三國,實證方法採用傳統最小平方法與近代發展的共整合檢定法,檢測成長指標與流動性指標的關係,實證結果發現台灣地區大部分的成長指標與流動性指標之間為顯著正向的關係,而南韓只有一小部份的指標之間為正向的關係但檢定結果可能不顯著,菲律賓的情形也是有一小部份的指標之間為顯著正向的關係。所以本文的實證結果如同大部分的實證文獻所提,金融中介的發展對實質經濟成長有正的影響,但有可能因為解釋變數的選取、實證國家選擇的差異、樣本時間的長短與模型設定的不同,而導致不同的結果。

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