本論文探討計數值相依製程的管制方法, 內容如下: (1) 當製程資料來自二元二項分配, 以建構二元二項管制區域監控計數值相依製程. (2) 當二元計數資料具中度以上相關, 建立選控圖以監控計數值相依製程. (3) 若不合格品比率極為微小時, 以二個相依的二項管制圖監控計數值相依製程. (4) 建立適應性管制圖以監控計數值相依製程. (5) 透過模擬與計算方式, 以平均連串長度及 AATS 來評估並比較以上所提方法的績效.

相關係數r是一個用以描述兩變量之間線性關係程度的指標。它的值域範圍介於-1到1之間，正、負號表示兩變量之間的相關方向，而絕對值r值得大小則表示兩變量間相關程度的強弱。本文主要從皮爾森積差相關係數的概念下手，從不同向度切入來探討兩變量間的線性相關性，提供多樣面向的兩變量相關強弱程度的解釋與演繹計算的方法。

處理缺失之資料，已經有一些插補方法，但這些插補方法在不同情況下是否確實有效，仍有待探討pd Van Buuren et al.(2006) 對兩種不相容性模型 (一條件分配函數為線性，另一條件分配函數分別為平方及對數)進行討論，該論文依據模擬結果，僅表示在此兩不相容性模型下的插補方法似乎仍有效。本文則不僅嘗試解釋此兩模型為何有效，且進一步探討是否所有的不相容性模型插補後能與母體參數值相似而達到有效插補，並檢定其模擬後之結果，本文發現其答案為否定。 / There are some available imputation methods to deal with missing data. However, whether imputation methods based on conditional distributions are effective is still questionable. Van Buuren et al.(2006) discuss two incompatible conditional distributions models (one conditional distribution has a linear relation, the other conditional distribution has a squared or a logarithmic relation). According to their simulation results, Van Buuren et al.(2006) conclude that imputation methods based on these two incompatible models are effective. In this thesis, we try to explain why the two imputation models are effective. In addition, we discuss whether all imputation methods based on incompatible models give estimated parameter values close to the true values. The simulation results of these methods are also tested statistically to answer this question. In conclusion, we find the answer is negative.

本文研究二字詞內部字調的相對音高。來探索國語的聲韻特性。所謂的相對音高，指的是從一個字調到另一個字調的音高變化，一般來說，可分成上揚、平行、或上升。本研究所採用的語料，是兩場不同的演講錄音帶，分別由一男一女所主講。每場演講取五分鐘的資料，然後再找出所有的二字詞。 透過One-way ANOVAA變異數分析，加上Tukey-HSD後測檢驗(p<.05)，我們發現，二字詞內的相對音高與該詞的字調組合有顯著的關係。一般來說，該詞的起始字調就能決定其相對音高的走勢：一聲或四聲起頭的詞，其相對音高不是平行就是下降，三聲的話是上揚，二聲的話則是上揚或下降。除此之外，若把上升或下降的幅度也考慮進去，每種字調組合都還有自己明顯的走勢。 雖然一個字調在自然談話當中無法維持其本身原有的音高，但透過相對音高的方式，卻能發現其原有的音高很明顯的保存在一個二字詞當中。因此，作者認為相對音高是國語中，能夠不受語調影響而存字調特質的一個音韻特性。 / The present study is a small step toward a thorough understanding of the prosodic nature of the Mandarin spoken in Taiwan. Specifically, this study focuses on one prosodic property of lexical tones in natural spontaneous speech: the relative pitch between two neighboring tones. The relative pitch is defined as the pitch change from one tone to another. Generally, the relative pitch can be rising, level, or falling. This study has chosen disyllabic words as the basic units of observation. The language data are public speeches of two speakers, one male and one female. Five minutes of speech are sampled from each speaker, and disyllabic words are identified. Through One-way ANOVA analysis with Tukey-HSD post hoc tests at a significant level of. 05, the relative pitch inside a word is found to vary systematically with the tone pair of the word. In general, a word's starting tone determines its relative pitch pattern: level or falling for Mandarin tonel and tone4, rising for tone3, and rising or falling for tone2. In particular, each tone pair can be distinguished by the magnitude of its relative pitch. Inside a disyllabic word, the intrinsic height of a lexical tone can be preserved through the relative pitch, although such intrinsic height cannot always be maintained throughout the entire speech. For this reason, the relative pitch is considered to be a prosodic feature which can preserve the identity of lexical tones under the influence of intonation in natural Mandarin speech.

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現代國際貿易運作，關係一國經際發展甚鋸，尤以高貿易依存之我國經濟更顯重要。 當前貿易保護色彩日濃，貿易障礙重重，且衡諸其他非貿易因素，相對貿易（Gount- er-trade）之採行，已然成為貿易拓展之新利器。本論文乃以我國發展相對貿易作為 研究主題。從相對貿易操作一般性探討著眼，配合攸關貿易法規，揭櫫我國發展相對 貿易之道；俾業者採行相對貿易有所參考，能靈活運用，進一步開展我國對外貿易。 本論文共壹冊，分捌章，約捌萬元－ 第壹章緒論：包括研究動機與目的、研究方法與限制，以及範圍界定。 第貳章相對貿易發展：揭露相對貿易發展沿革、現況及其使用時宜。 第參章相對貿易型態：介紹各型相對貿易及其特點、操作程序與適用性。 第肆章相對貿易合約：探討相對貿易合約內容、談判及訂約技巧與原則。 第伍章相對貿易融資：解析相對貿易融資方式及探討其運用。 第陸章相對貿易策略及其運作機構：配合政府政策、態度，訂定相對貿易策略；組織 適行之運作機構，以推動相對貿易提案。 第柒章相對貿易個案研究：提出相對貿易操作實例，俾業者對相對貿易操作有整體概 念。 第捌章結論與建議：包括總結、建議及未來展望。

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在公共財實驗中，受試者決策行為存在著「相互性」的考量是用來解釋受試者出現合作行為的原因之一。本篇研究以三人一組的實驗驗證受試者確有相互性之考量。受試者欲以較高的貢獻去「回報」同組成員的高貢獻，而受試者亦欲以較低的貢獻去「報復」同組成員的低貢獻。此外，當受試者同時面對的組員有著兩種截然不同的貢獻態度時，受試者的「相互性」卻並非是正負中和而完全抵銷，受試者行為會受兩股相反方向力量的影響而顯得變動較為劇烈，且受試者傾向有較深的報復情緒，這樣的情緒會凌駕互助的情緒而影響受試者的決策。