行政契約在行政法及公共行政領域往昔均兩遭忽略，稽其緣故應與過往國內相關實體法規不明及法律救濟途徑結構欠完整所致。行政訴訟法修訂及行政程序法實施後，行政契約之實施與爭訟處理產生正式法源，然因歷程短淺，各行政機關尚屬陌生，故仍極為少見，亦無法形成是類契約形式之範例，致行政契約在公共行政實務上仍有廣闊之探討空間。教育部於行政程序法2001年施行後，即首創以「行政契約書」為名，與公費留學生間建立更為公平對等之給付行政權利義務關係，惟其間在法制面及實務面運作情形如何，殊值探討。針對行政法制與留學實務，本文以文獻探討法與參與觀察法為主要研究方法，復因探討過程中必定涉及法制與行政實務應用之關係，故以法律解釋學為涵攝，另就適用本契約書已返國服務之五位公費留學生佐以質性之問卷法，以瞭解契約相對人對於本契約書執行之意見與態度。本研究結論認為，在法制基礎方面，教育部公費留學行政契約書係本於給付行政理念，基於公權力行政性質，無論就契約形式、形式效力及內容效力，均應具備相關之法制基礎要求，以符合依法行政原則；在實務運作之主要層面，則涉及政策組織、行政管體及爭議處理，行政契約雖具公權力行政之約制性，但在實務之認定，依據有關法理原則，仍可為較開闊的運作，非不得無調整之空間。 / With regards to administrative law and public administration, administrative agreements were once neglected. A probing study shows that this was supposed to be related to ambiguities of relevant substantial laws and the lack of integrity for the structure of legal rescues. With the enactment of the administrative procedure act law and the administrative adjudication law, legal sources were brought forth for the enforcement of administrative agreements and solutions to their disputes. Nevertheless, due to brief effect and unacquaintedness, this has seldom been applied and cannot form a paradigm. Therefore, there still exits wide space for study on administrative agreements, with regards to the practicing of public administration. Following the administrative procedure law carrying into effect in 2001, the Ministry of Education initiated the “Administrative Agreement” and established in this name, a fairer reciprocal relationship with students who were studying abroad with funding support from the Government, regarding rights and obligation of “pay the administration.” Aimed at the administrative legal system and the study-abroad actual situations, this text applies literature review and participant observation as main research approaches. With the involvement of the relationship between legal system and the application of administrative actual cases, the Juristische Hermeneutik is also applied to all the text. Besides, as a qualitative supporting approach, questionnaire is adopted to five government-funded students who were involved in the “Administrative Agreement” and have returned, from their overseas study to Taiwan for mandatory service. Through this approach, the relative people of the agreement may share their opinions and views of its enforcement for study. This research concludes that with regards to legal foundation, the “Administrative Agreement” for overseas study on Ministry of Education funds, originates from “pay the administration.” In terms of the attribution of the public power administration, all the contractual forms, effect of forms, and effect of contents should possess legal foundation, so as to meet the principal of “administration by law.” On the main level of operation in the actual situations, it involves the organization of policy, administrative management system, and dispute solutions. From a pragmatic perspective, a more flexible management can be adopted for administrative agreements when relevant legal theories are applicable, in spite of the enforcement of the public power administration. Accordingly, there still exits space for adjustment within.

從層出不窮的社會案件中，不難窺知，實務上社會給付行政，存有落實不力、進而對弱勢者造成諸多不利益影響之問題，誠揭櫫了，建立專屬於弱勢者社會給付之行政體系之必要性。然而，對於弱勢者社會給付行政體系之建立，首要前提便是─須確立對弱勢者族群，國家有給予較多之保護與保障之職責。據此，於憲法層次意義上的討論便格外具有其重要性。爰此，本文將主軸置於社會國原則之探討，以及國家保護義務之分析，並嘗試推敲二者間之相互關係為何，以作為對弱勢者保護之憲法基石。主要參酌德國法制實務與學理之探討，作為討論之軸心；並對照我國實務暨學理上的討論為統整融合。 奠定於社會國原則與國家保護義務所建構之憲法核心思維基礎後，本文認為進行關於弱勢者社會給付行政體系之建立，將更具正當性與合理性。復而秉持著上開憲法上中心思想，參酌比較法制度，針對社會給付行政實務中廣泛可見之行政指導，以及相對於傳統干預行政體系之社會給付行政特性，進行微調與修正。前者將以日本法制度為對照組；後者則以德國社會行政程序法為主要觀察對象，遂嘗試擬定一我國社會給付行政體系之雛型。嗣後並反觀我國法制度規範，推敲採納該體系之可行性與可效倣理由。 透過對弱勢者社會給付行政體系之憲法上社會國原則暨國家保護義務之基礎，以及行政法體系之雛型，解決目前實務可能發生之怠為／不為、錯誤之行政指導；民眾協力義務要求程度之疑問、機關職權調查之必要性；乃至於實體層面信賴保護原則之相關問題。另外，並針對協力義務與職權調查容忍義務部分，涉及社會給付與受領社會給付者之憲法基本權衝突的議題做一檢視；以及源自英美國家之「工作福利」（workfare）制度，立於憲法基本權侵害之切入視點，檢討納入我國社會給付行政制度之運行操作是否合適妥當。

本論文從現代行政法學方法論所獲得之考察角度，以個別社會保障制度之給付型態及規律構造為基礎，分析給付主體（行政）與受給者（私人）間，不限於行政處分意義之「給付決定」與「私人權利」之關係，並考慮供給主體多元化之給付關係之狀況。分析順序，先從我國法社會保障給付作用之法律構造（實定法、裁判例）設定課題，次以日本法為比較法，整理日本行政法或行政法學對於所設定課題之回應。最後，從前揭行政領域之議論，發現、汲取構想現代給付行政法學方法論（以行為形式與法律關係為主軸）之線索，並展望對應給付行政法之特色，建立其法體系之可能。