過去文獻顯示憂鬱反芻與憂鬱有緊密關連，憂鬱反芻的概念又可區分為不具適應性與較具適應性的部分（Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003），但這兩者與憂鬱情緒的關係至今尚未有定論。在非臨床樣本中，高自我聚焦並非都是缺乏適應性的，高自我聚焦程度加上情緒一致的回憶特質，容易維持憂鬱情緒，反之加上情緒不一致性的回憶特質，則較能回憶正向記憶，具有較佳的情緒調節能力。為探討情緒、反芻與記憶特性的關係，本研究採用Trapnell和Campbell（1999）架構將自我聚焦分為自我反思與自我反芻兩個次分類，探討不同自我反思反芻與憂鬱情緒在自傳式記憶的特性表現上有何差異。其中以簡短指導語版的自傳式記憶測驗工具（MI-AMT）做為測量工具，增加在非臨床樣本中測驗自傳式記憶的敏感度。 本研究第一階段以545位大學、研究所學生為樣本，發展本地適用的中文版反思反芻量表，第二階段則從階段一的反思反芻程度、憂鬱程度高低中篩選出117位受試者，檢驗不同自我反思反芻與憂鬱情緒之自傳式記憶特性差異。 研究結果顯示（1）中文版自我反思反芻量表與簡短指導語版自傳式記憶測驗工具具有足夠心理計量特性，可用以測量相關概念與量化記憶特性。（2）憂鬱情緒程度高者具有自傳式記憶特定性低、過度概化記憶程度高的特性，與過去文獻符合。另外，反芻與反思在自傳式記憶的表現則相似性高，在同處於高憂鬱情緒類別，高反芻者並無顯著回憶出較少特定記憶、較多過度概化記憶，高反思者亦無顯著回憶出較多正向特定記憶、較少正向過度概化記憶；這些結果與Svaldi（2008）無法驗證研究假設的結果相同。 / Literature review shows that depressive rumination sustains depressed mood. Depressive rumination could separate into maladaptive and adaptive subcomponents (Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003), but the relationship of them and depressive mood is unstable. In non-clinical sample, high self-focus is not always relates to maladaptive. When it combines with mood-congruent autobiographical memory sustain negative mood easily. People with mood-incongruent effect will recall more positive autobiographical memory, has better emotional regulation. The present study tried to examine the relationship between emotion, rumination and autobiographical memory. Divided self-focus into self-reflection and self-rumination (Trapnell & Campbell, 1999), investigated the differential characteristic of autobiographical memory in different self-focus (ruminative and reflective) and depressive mood (high and low). In addition, we used Minimal Instructions Autobiographical Memory Test to measure memory specificity in non-clinical populations. Study one aimed to validate the Chinese version of Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire, recruit 545 graduate and undergraduate students as sample. Study two investigated the differential characteristic of autobiographical memory in self-focus and depressive mood with 117 students chosen from study one. The results revealed that: 1) the Chinese version of RRQ showed satisfactory psychometric properties. 2) High depressive mood is significantly associated with reduced AM specificity and induced overgeneral memory, this result supported pass researches. Otherwise, autobiographical memory’s characteristic in self-rumination and self-reflection are quite the same. In high depressive mood, high self-ruminator did not have lower autobiographical memory specificity, and more overgeneral memory. High self-reflector did not have more positive specific autobiographical memory, and less positive overgeneral memory. These two result didn’t support assumption, but matched to Svaldi’s (2008) result.

本研究的主要目的在於運用自傳式記憶的作業探討高社交焦慮者是否有記憶偏誤的現象。根據Clark和Wells（1995）的模型，高社交焦慮者在社交焦慮情境中容易把大部分的注意力集中在自身相關（self-related）的訊息上，因而造成對自身相關訊息的記憶優於外界環境訊息的現象；然而根據Repee和Heimberg（1997）的模型則假設高社交焦慮者在社交情境中會關注與負向自我評價有關的訊息，而不論該訊息是來自自身或外界環境。本研究企圖同時檢測上述兩個模型。 本研究篩選出六十四名大學生分為高社交焦慮與低社交焦慮兩組，所有受試者皆須分別回憶一件社交焦慮事件及一件中性事件，受試者被要求先在腦海中形成對該事件的影像，然後寫下有關回憶事件的詳細描述並完成記憶清晰度的評估。 研究結果得出高社交焦慮者在進行社交焦慮事件的回憶時，傾向回憶出比低社交焦慮組更多的自身相關訊息；且高社交焦慮組在回憶社交焦慮事件時比低社交焦慮組更傾向評估自身相關訊息的記憶清晰度高於外界環境訊息，研究結果較支持Clark和Well（1995）的說法。 / The purpose of the present study was to utilize the autobiographical memory task to investigate the memory bias in socially anxious individuals. According to Clark and Wells’ (1995) view, socially anxious individuals were hypothesized to preferentially allocate almost attentional resources to self-related information and remember self-related information better than external information on entering an anxiety-provoking social situation. However, according to Repee and Heimberg’ s (1997) model, they supposed that socially anxious individuals tend to focus on negative self-evaluated information regardless of it were self-related or external information. The present study tried to examine the two models simultaneously. Sixty-four undergraduate students were assigned to either high or low social-anxiety group. All subjects were asked to recall one anxiety-provoking social situation about public-speaking and another neutral situation. They were requested to form an image of the event and write a detailed description about it. They then completed rating of memory vividness for each situation. The results revealed that high social anxiety group showed to retrieve more self-related information than low social anxiety group and displayed more preferential to rate the vividness of self-related information higher than external environmental information than low social anxiety group did when recalling anxiety-provoking social situation. The result supported Clark and Wells’ s model.