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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

由WTO民用航空器爭端案論SCM協定補貼及出口補貼之認定 / The determination of subsidies and export subsidies under SCM agreement: an analysis of WTO civil aircraft disputes

林良怡 Unknown Date (has links)
由於民用航空器產業之經濟特性,補貼成為該產業發展之必要支柱,然因補貼係不公平之貿易行為,因此在WTO下曾引發數個民用航空器補貼爭端,包括巴西與加拿大間之區域航空器補貼案及美國與歐盟間之大型民用航空器補貼爭議。有鑑於民用航空器產業之特殊性,本文主要之研究目的在於探究SCM協定下對於民用航空器補貼及出口補貼之認定基準。本文以巴西與加拿大間之區域航空器補貼案小組與上訴機構之判定基準為基礎,輔以其他WTO裁決先例,分析「歐盟─大型民用航空器補貼案」美歐訴狀中之主張,試圖推斷本案小組對於爭端措施可能之裁決、解析過往案例中未曾闡釋之補貼要件,以期能進一步釐清SCM協定補貼及出口補貼要件之認定。 / Because of the economic characteristics of the civil aircraft industry, subsidies in practice are deemed necessary for the development of the industry. Subsidy measures taken by WTO members will distort resource allocations, and may have an adverse effect on other members. In this connection, there are 7 civil aircraft subsidy disputes under the WTO so far, including 3 regional civil aircraft disputes between Canada and Brazil and 4 large civil aircraft disputes between the United States and European Communities. In view of the fact that the civil aircraft industry possesses certain special features, the main purpose of the thesis is to analyze the requirements of determination of civil aircraft subsidies and export subsidies under the SCM Agreement. In order to further clarify the determinations of subsidies and export subsidies under the SCM Agreement, the author will take the findings in the Canada and Brazil disputes and other WTO preceding cases as the basis to analyze the arguments in the United States and European Communities written submissions of European Communities- Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft, try to presume the panel rulings of that case, and explore the subsidy conditions never explained by WTO preceding cases.
2

論WTO下邊境租稅調整制度與補貼相關規範之適用問題-以美國FSC爭端案為例

陳建璋 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文係以WTO-美國海外銷售公司(FSC)爭端案之發展歷程為例,探討該案所反映之相關爭議與議題。海外銷售公司(FSC)爭端案係歐盟指控美國所採行之FSC措施提供特定之公司享有所得稅減免之優惠,構成補貼暨平衡措施協定(SCM協定)下禁止性之出口補貼,而違反WTO相關之補貼規範。該案最終經WTO爭端解決機制(DSB)裁決,認為美國所採之FSC措施違反SCM協定相關之規範,必須修改系爭措施之規定以中止該項補貼的繼續存在。而對於美國FSC爭端案之探討,必須追溯FSC措施之前身美國「國內國際銷售公司」(DISC)法案所衍生之爭議。美國於一九七一年通過實施之DISC法案,在GATT時代已為歐體成員國指控違反補貼義務,最後爭端解決小組(Panel)亦裁決美國該法案違反相關規範。美國遂於一九八四年改行FSC措施,該措施在WTO體制下仍被裁決違反補貼之規範,而歐盟對於美國執行小組報告之裁決所改採之ETI法案仍不滿意,於是在次提起「執行監督程序」之控訴。DSB仍裁決ETI法案未符合小組報告之裁決,最終經仲裁程序授權歐盟對美國採行報復措施。凡此三十餘年的爭端案例,其各項爭點以及所反映程序及相關規範之議題,即為本研究探討之主要範圍。 然而在探討本案例各項爭點及議題之外,此爭端案所突顯的根本問題,在於GATT/WTO體制下有關「邊境租稅調整制度」的相關爭議。蓋GATT/WTO之規範從古典經濟學之理論,對於直接稅與間接稅採分別處理之邊境調整,各會員國在採行不同稅制下遂產生不同之貿易效果,以致於在適用補貼之相關規範時產生爭議。本文在介紹案例之發展以及探討相關之爭點與議題後,從GATT/WTO之制度規範面解析本爭端案所源起之制度爭議,並歸結可行之建議與解決之道。 最後,本文說明美國對於該爭端案之裁決結果所能採行之因應方向,另一方面亦以我國相關之租稅制度與法規為例,探討其是否符合WTO規範下之義務,並對我國現行之租稅制度提出看法與建議。

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