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不動產估價師與買賣雙方對住宅價格影響因素認知差異分析邱信智 Unknown Date (has links)
不動產估價師的本質在於解釋不動產於市場上價值反應的情況,而價格係由買賣雙方透過公開市場所決定,故不動產估價師不僅在解釋不動產之價值所在,亦在說明買賣雙方於公開市場中的行為模式。然此行為模式主要根據買賣雙方對不動產價格之認知基礎,因此不動產估價師以比較法進行項目調整時,若缺乏考量買賣雙方之認知,對不動產價格的合理區間即可能無法清楚掌握。而國外過去對此議題僅著重於估價師與買方之討論,然不動產價格係由買賣雙方共同合意,故應加入賣方進行探討。
本文以台北市住宅不動產為例,透過對不動產價格影響因素的認知角度,探討不動產估價師、買方及賣方對住宅價格影響因素重要性的認知差異情形,並進一步分析不動產估價師和買賣雙方認知產生差異的可能原因。
研究根據問卷調查結果,實證顯示買賣雙方彼此間對住宅價格影響因素並無明顯認知差異,然而不同家戶屬性的買方、賣方對價格影響因素仍有不同的認知。另外,研究亦發現不動產估價師與買賣雙方之間,對價格影響因素認知存有差異,這是由於環境與制度面使然,且本研究亦證實台灣不動產估價師以區位交通因素為調整價格的首要因素,然而區位未必代表一切,研究結果顯示住宅環境對買賣雙方的重要性甚至更高。 / The real estate appraiser is not only interpreting the value range, but telling the behavior of buyer and seller. The objective of this study is to probe into the cognition differences to the variables determining residential property values between appraiser, buyer and seller. The survey was carried out within a period involved buyers and sellers which participated in the sales of residential property from June 2008 to February 2009 in Taipei City.
The results show that buyers and sellers do not have obvious cognition difference, but they do have different cognition with different household attributes. Besides, there is exactly cognition difference between appraiser, buyer and seller, and this is because of the residential property transaction environment and institution. Furthermore, the study reveals that the real estate appraisers in Taiwan take Location factors as the most important ones when they adjusting property price; however, buyers and sellers put even more attention on Residential factors.
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影響得標價格、估價金額及標售底價間差異之因素探討-以台北市辦公室標售為例 / A Study on the Factors Affecting Differences Between Auction Price, Appraised Value, and Reserve Price-on the Evidence of Business Buildings Auction in Taipei City柯鳳茹, Ke, Feng Ru Unknown Date (has links)
由於2004至2013年在不動產多頭走勢及賣方市場背景下,商用不動產採用拍賣方式銷售,得標價格屢創新高,使商用不動產採用拍賣銷售交易比例逐漸提高,然而得標者為何願以高於標售底價甚多的價格競標?以及,投標者多為專業法人機構,依法需委託不動產估價師估價,競標時估價金額與得標價格卻不一致,為何如此?而賣方訂定的標售底價,是委託不動產估價師評估之市場價值,或賣方評估拍賣標的物之市場價值,為何估價金額與標售底價有所差異?由於得標價格公開,常被視為不動產市場前景指標,故了解得標價格、估價金額與標售底價間關係,有其必要性。
因此,本研究以台北市辦公室標售個案為研究對象,以拍賣理論、特徵價格理論為基礎,建構複迴歸分析模型,探討影響得標價格、估價金額及標售底價間差異之因素,以供投標者出價決策、賣方訂定底價與不動產估價師估價時之參酌。本研究實證結果顯示,得標價格、估價金額皆高於標售底價,但得標價格不一定高於估價金額。投標者、賣方、不動產估價師對價格認知存有差異,賣方、投標者及不動產估價師會依據其所蒐集的資訊、個人的知識與專業、自身經驗法則及決策參考因素,對價格形成因素存有不同詮釋。此外,不動產估價師僅是協助投標者評估可獲利的合理價格,但無法保證其獲利,致投標者認知之投資價值與不動產估價追求的真實價值相異。
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網路公司創新環境設計之研究 / The Case Study of the design for innovative environment of Internet companies鄭純笛, Cheng, Chun-Di Unknown Date (has links)
李仁芳(2000) 對創新組織提到以下看法,創新需要動員內心深處最深刻的理智與情感資源。如果企業文化氛圍只鼓勵組織成員追索Know What、Know How,以致於Know Why的知識上的好奇心,但文化氛圍中卻缺少對同仁Care Why的支持與對同仁本人Care的溫暖與慈心,這樣的智價創新企業競爭力是不能持久的。最具創新震憾力的靈感(inspiration)孕育自最溫柔的胎床。新的聲音與新的視野的孕育,需要溫暖與紀律、歡愉與智慧間適當的拿捏與平衡。可見創新環境是多麼的重要。
本研究之目的,主要欲探討台灣新創網路公司對於創新環境的設計研究,以多元成員造成的差異性帶來的創新衝擊,配合組織平台的設計及管理技巧來探討,成員差異性則採認知心理學的角度,探討認知差異對組織衝突的意義,如何建立創造性的組織衝突,帶給組織創新的原動力。本研究期望透過個案問卷及開放式訪談的方式,進一步瞭解、並歸納出網路產業中核心團隊互動的模式及成功經驗累積的方法,以期找出網路產業中較適合的創新環境設計。
本研究主要採取個案訪談及思考風格問卷施測,並透過初級訪談資料加上次級資料作個案分析,思考風格問卷分析時,將十三類的思考風格分成三大類分析,第一大類主要為思考風格的行事作風;第二大類主要為思考風格的心理自治型態;第三大類為幅度、範圍、傾向。
本研究主要的研究發現如下:
壹、 網路公司團隊成員多元性與創新表現
一、 網路公司多元性越高,創新表現越佳
二、 網路公司多元團隊角色扮演越完整,創新表現越佳 ;反之,多元團隊角色扮演越不全,創新表現越差
貳、 網路公司組織平台設計與創意表現關係
一、 網路公司中溝通形式設計多元管道之email及intranet,扮演創新表現中的知識累積及點子擷取的平台。
二、 網路公司中,實體物理環境對知識累積的重要性被IT科技取代。
三、 網路公司最常用啟發技巧運用中的腦力激盪作為主要點子擷取的方式。
參、 網路公司中專案領導人在創新表現上扮演的角色
一、 不同類型網路公司領導人對於智慧財產權看法影響智慧財產權的擁有數目。
二、 網路公司的CEO透過容忍智慧型失敗、塑造關懷(Care)與學習的組織環境。
肆、 網路公司創新表現之觀察
一、 網路公司中相當重視經驗傳承,有助於日後的創新表現。
二、 網路公司中有失敗經驗,有助於創新績效。
伍、 綜合發現
一、 網路公司團隊成員的思考風格在三大類分析中各有不同的偏向,思考風格可與創新環境相配合。
二、 網路公司組織文化配合團隊成員的思考風格適合創新表現
第一類思考風格,網路公司團隊成員多屬於立法型與第三類中的自由型有相關,皆為有助於創新表現的思考風格。
第二類思考風格中,網路團隊成員皆屬於階級分明型,而網路公司組織文化對於團隊運作皆採責任制且授權程度高,這對於自主性需求較高的階級分明型成員有助於創新表現。
第三類思考風格中,網路團隊成員多屬於外在型及自由型,只要組織環境與思考風格相符,則團隊成員的創新表現較佳。 / Under the rapid-changing environment, it is not possible that a firm's capabilities can hold sustainable competitive strength forever, as the master told “innovation or die”. A good organization platform can incubate the capacity for high creativity. Now the internet fever spreads to the whole world. Taiwan companies have the opportunity to catch up. Thesis help can analysis the key components that influences the innovation process in the internet companies. Therefore we can find a better organization form to provoke more innovation performances.
Objectives
From the viewpoint of innovation process and members interaction process, this research is intended to study the internet service provider in order to focus on the platform of the organizational knowledge creation in Taiwan internet companies.
Research Structure
According to literature survey, we can find that the heterogeneous teams have more innovation behaviors. A well-designed organization platform and a good project leader can help members emerge their potential in the creativity. The research structure is as follows:
Case Choice
Because many Internet companies have multi-business models, that we choose the 6 companies can group the case companies into ASP, ICP and portal. Case A, B and C are ASP companies. Case E and case F are ICP companies. Case C and D are portal companies.
Research Methodology
This thesis adopts the case study and the authors interviews some project leader or members who are responsible for top management team or the project team in the companies. And analysis the data of the questionnaire that every team members filled in. Then to complement the case study form the secondary data and information form the internet, as products and services.
Case Analysis and Conclusions
According to the analyses of the six cases, the author has generated the following conclusions:
1. The diversity between team members affects innovative activities including:
● The more diversity between the team members, the more innovative activities happen.
● The Cultivate Distinct Roles are more complete then the more innovative activities happen.
2. the well-designed organizational platform affects innovative activities including:
● In internet companies, they share knowledge and get new ideas via email and the intranet.
● In internet companies, the importance of physic environment is replaced by IT technology.
● In internet companies, the useful way to get lots of new ideas is brain-storming meeting.
3. the project manager leadership affects innovative activities including:
● The CEOs who in different internet companies such as ASP and ICP have different consideration influences the numbers of IPR.
● In internet companies, CEO builds a warm and learning organization by taking the failing forward and care employees.
4. the innovative activities in the internet companies including:
● The internet companies which do the knowledge management well have better innovation performance.
● The failing forward experiences help the management performance better now in the internet companies.
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