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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣小說中同志/跨性別書寫的家國想像(1990-2010) / The Homeland Imaginary of the Homosexual/Transgender Novels in Taiwan(1990-2010)

曾秀萍, Tseng, Hsiu Ping Unknown Date (has links)
本文以批判性觀點分析1990-2010年間,台灣小說中同志/跨性別書寫的性別、家庭、國族、地域、階級與敘事策略的發展和變化。從台灣底層性別弱勢的角度出發,批判全球化與文化帝國霸權所主導的現代性論述,搓破其光明的假象,並以中南部/鄉土/底層等多重弱勢的邊緣觀點出發,結合古典男色/跨性別傳統的美學再造,反省現階段同志/跨性別研究以西方基進論述和台北/都會/中產階級為中心的研究傾向。更進一步從同志/跨性別的家國想像中,翻轉台灣當前由上而下,由異性戀家國意識形態和「四大族群」論述所主導的台灣國族想像框架,企圖建構一套由下而上、由個體性別情感的角度出發所重構的國族想像藍圖,並發展兼具台灣歷史脈絡、文化特性與底層觀點的「第三-現代-性」理論基礎。 我認為作為一個研究者不僅要如史碧娃克(Spivak)一樣扣問「從屬階級能發聲嗎?」讓被歷史大敘述所淹沒的底層階級能夠出現,更要反省種種再現與代言的倫理課題。本文認為從1990年中期開始,由學院菁英、運動論述所主導的台灣同志/跨性別論述,隱藏了以西方為尚的「進步」史觀迷思,忽略台灣在地的文化脈絡與性別觀點,導致底層本土的同志/跨性別主體有被隱沒的傾向。因此,本論文重新挖掘在小說中被長期忽略的底層同志/跨性別人物,不僅檢視其在性別/階級/地域/家國結構下的困境,更關注其因內部歧視而被多重邊緣化的處境和現象。 本文並主張同志/跨性別論述應改變過去對於家國體制疏離的態度,以更積極的方式介入家國論述,一方面可以藉由同志/跨性別的多元觀點對家國論述與體制進行改造,另一方面更須突破同志/跨性別族群與家國體制之間,長期切割或二元對立的關係與迷思,正視許多底層同志/跨性別也渴望有「家」有「國」的心理需求與現實需要,重新思索性別弱勢族群與現代性家國體制交鋒或接軌的種種可能。同志/跨性別等「第三性」族群與台灣「現代性家國體制」交錯的發展狀態,本文稱為「第三-現代-性」。 在兩者的交錯之中,我認為尤其需要注意小說敘事策略與形式的轉變,因為小說的政治性與敘事形態無法切割。本論文將透過不同階段同志/跨性別書寫對於家國想像與敘事的轉變,論證小說人物的性別、情慾等身分差異乃是其國族認同形塑的重要部分。我認為1990年代初期《失聲畫眉》這本鄉土小說中的女同志書寫及其所引發的論爭,乃是同志/跨性別主體和台灣國族論述在公領域正面交鋒之始,反映出當年台灣的鄉土、國族論述在「逝去的鄉土」與「消失的國家」中所存在的雙重焦慮。此階段同志/跨性別的底層飄浪狀態,讓1990年代中晚期崛起的新世代作家對台灣社會充滿「遲到的酷兒現代性」焦慮與疑慮,因而掀起一波創作潮與出走潮,尤以歐美為中心構築「異國烏托邦」。這些小說將西方論述與家國認同相互結合、發展,並達到高峰,卻也埋下了種種異國大夢操演的破綻。 於此同時,我認為還有一股「轉向東方」的同志/跨性別書寫潮流也悄悄興起,開啟另類的亞洲視野、海洋思考與東方時間觀,並重拾中國傳統戲曲與古典小說的資源,以男色傳統和「擬說書體」重構跨性別與台灣國族寓言的多重關係。在本世紀新的十年中,同志/跨性別書寫不僅有回歸鄉土的趨勢,更對於在全球化時代中,快速變遷的人我界線、情慾關係提出反思,以本土的底層觀點修正了西方解放論述的不足,建立新的倫理景觀。本研究透過橫跨二十年的小說,分析同志/跨性別書寫在家國想像中的轉變與突破,在放眼跨國移動與全球化現象的同時,也結合底層弱勢與南部觀點,打開同志/跨性別本土論述的空間,連結台灣鄉土、國族想像與同志/跨性別研究的版圖。
2

愛倫坡作品中之魑魅陽剛與同性慾望 / Gothic Masculinity and Same-Sex Desire in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe

徐千惠, Hsu, Chien Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在分析愛倫坡作品中之陽剛氣質與同性慾望的社會建構,藉由探討男性 敘事者的負面情感與角色間的同性社交慾望,本研究意欲以酷兒閱讀的方法對美 國戰前時期文本提出新詮。 論文第一部分剖析短篇故事《黑貓》中正典陽剛氣質與異性戀婚家常規之共構、 重探維多利亞時期公私領域分離的意識形態如何性別化地形塑家庭與酒館之文 化意義,並據此提出敘事者和其寵物黑貓間的親密關係或可理解為一種酷兒情慾 之隱喻。在此脈絡下,敘事者對雄貓之恐懼與同性親密關係之拒斥遂映照出其悖 離資本主義式中產階級男性身分之挫敗陽剛。 第二部分以《威廉‧威爾森》為例,探討哥德傳統中反覆出現的替身母題與自戀 和男性偏執妄想之內在關聯。延續傳統上常見於愛倫坡研究的心理分析方法,此 章在不否定將主角替身視為超我的前提下,將焦點轉移至主角與替身之間競爭關 係的曖昧模稜,並揭示這種競爭關係與賽菊寇同性社交慾望理論之若合符節。 第三部分檢視同性慾望結構中常見的死亡慾力與肉身性如何具體而微地在長篇 小說《亞瑟‧戈登‧皮姆之自述》中呈現。此章從巴特勒對佛洛伊德《傷逝與憂 鬱》論述之改寫出發,重新闡釋故事中帶有毀滅色彩的重要場景──奧古斯特之 死與集體食人,並分析同性愛結構中被壓抑的慾力投注如何以情感遺骸之形式往 復迴返,成為美國戰前時期性別憂鬱之縮影。 據此,論文將問題意識收束在三個面向:陽剛身分之內在裂隙、同性社交情誼之 踰越性、與情感的性別政治意涵,透過梳理愛倫坡筆下男性角色的負面情感,本 論文得以發掘其作品中哥德元素、破碎陽剛與酷兒情慾間的潛在關聯,進而揭示 同性情慾如何在美國戰前文學中隱沒/現身。 / The present study engages three works written by Edgar Allan Poe to contextualize the construction of masculinity and same-sex desire in antebellum sensation fictions. While ample analyses have been dedicated to Poe’s depictions of femininity, the interrelation between masculinity and incipient homoeroticism in his stories proves to be significantly understudied. By examining the negative affects of Poe’s male protagonists—respectively fear in “The Black Cat,” paranoia in “William Wilson,” and melancholia in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, this project aims to provide a queer reinterpretation of these texts. Structurally, the thesis consists of five chapters. The second chapter délinéâtes the Victorian separate spheres ideology to explore its significance in the formation of normative manhood in “The Black Cat.” By underscoring the homoerotic Relationship between the narrator and Pluto, the study thereby sees the conclusion of the story as a testimonial to the unattainable ideals of Jacksonian manhood and its oppressive continuum with the heterosexual domestic sphere. In so doing, the study is able to substantiate a connection between the narrator’s perverseness with a homosocial desire that is subjected to heteronormative cultural silencing. The third chapter is an attempt to establish a linkage between Gothic doubling, narcissism, and male paranoia in “William Wilson.” While exhaustive studies have been taken upon to validate the readings wherein the second Wilson is treated as the narrator’s super-ego, the present study further argues that Gothic doubling finds expression in this tale in the form of capitalist competitiveness. Building on this observation, the project examines Poe’s doubling in relation to the narrator’s paranoia and his conscious disengagement from the patriarchal social order. Through a reassessment of the gentlemanly edifices of Poe’s male characters, this study explores the constructedness of antebellum manhood and discovers a concurrence of onanism and homosexuality in Poe’s time, thereby establishing a connection between Wilson’s narcissistic desire and its homoerotic potentialities. Lastly, the fourth chapter demonstrates how unconsummated mourning over the loss of same-sex ties in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket functions as an integral part of Jacksonian normative male identity. Focusing on the queer connotations of Pym’s break from patronymic ties, this study contends that becoming the antebellum subject entails a preclusion of homosexual attachments. Reconsidering the protagonist’s inability to mourn Augustus Barnard’s death and the crew’s cannibalism, this study sees Arthur Gordon Pym as the Butlerian melancholic subject who is unable to perform the work of mourning for his beloved object. Read in tandem with Freud’s conception of primordial parricide, the fraternal revolt that works at the center of the story can be viewed as a form of gender nonconformity which foregrounds melancholia in the abandonment of familial bonds. As such, the project excavates the instability, constructedness, and finally—the Gothicness that underlie Poe’s representations of masculinity. Reappraising the failed manhood of Poe’s men, this thesis concludes that the affective dynamics between Poe’s male characters are inextricably bound up with their broken masculinity and queer homoerotics.

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