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黃春明與台灣鄉土文學運動張瓊文 Unknown Date (has links)
當黃春明在六0年代初期踏上台灣文壇的時候,正是西方文化在台灣泛濫成災,現代主義非常盛行的時候,1966年之前,早期的創作是受到存在主義哲學思想的影響。1967年開始,黃春明的創作發生了很大的轉變,他的筆觸從尋求「自我」的狹小一角,轉到廣闊的社會環境中,作品大多以他生長的故鄉-宜蘭為背景,表現他所熟稔的人群,<看海的日子>是黃春明引起最多議論,也最受矚目的作品;且由於生活環境的變遷,創作的領域有了新的開拓,<莎喲娜拉.再見>、<小寡婦>、<我愛瑪莉>、<蘋果的滋味>等,小說的背景由農村轉移到城市,深刻地反應在外來的經濟和精神侵襲之下傳統的失落,呈現當時台灣社會相當重要的一個側面。
七0年代開始,台灣本土作家展現出的尋根熱潮,有其歷史的因緣,可歸根為五0年代已迄六0年代,甚至遠溯及日據時期的台灣新文學運動,奠定的寫實文學基礎。台灣新文學運動推進到七0年代,台灣作家對本土現實的關懷,走在「鄉土文學運動」的口號之前,進入上山下海的的立體寫實時代,作家們分別從農村、工廠、漁村、山地包圍台灣文學,將文學的根深入民間、社會底層,走進下層民眾的生活圈。由於鄉土文學並非屬於社會某一特定階層的文字,所以它描寫的範圍頗廣,但佔大多數的民眾是勤奮的勞苦大眾,因此,它積極地寫農民、工人、漁民等在社會底層掙扎的卑微人物。如王拓描寫八斗子的漁民,陳映真描寫城市性的小資產階級和跨國公司,王禎和的市井小人物,黃春明的妓女,楊青矗的工人和工廠,都是這種寫作的具體實踐。
一九七七年鄉土文學論戰後,由於複雜的政治風向、文學審美觀、意識形態、社會價值等諸多層面的結構性變遷,無論是現代派或是鄉土寫實作家,兩造人馬不約而同沉寂下來,但黃春明並沒有因此而消失,1998年獲得「國家文化藝術基金會」文藝獎後,1999年可說是黃春明的豐收年,除了持續運作六年的的兒童劇場,九月在國家劇院又推出《小李子不是大騙子》,當年十月,再推出受藝文評論界矚目的短篇小說集《放生》,每一篇都以老年人為主角,是把目前台灣社會「人文矛盾」的老人問題顯現出來,可見黃春明的文學生命仍然源源不絕地活躍著。
邁入70歲的黃春明,從六○年代創作迄今,他的文學生命仍在不斷地成長,2005年5月,由黃大魚兒童劇團出版,《九彎十八拐》,一本培植宜蘭,呼喚老中青三代重拾創作與閱讀興味的文學雜誌創刊。黃春明認為自己以前是壞孩子,學生時代幾乎沒有學校收留他,從羅東初中念到屏東師專,沒有人相信他走得出來,是受到閱讀的感動才啟蒙;而眼見社會環境逐漸惡質,黃春明決定辦雜誌,為現在的年輕人營造良好的文學環境,鼓舞他們的熱情,激勵他們對生命的感動。兼任發行人和編輯的黃春明,只是雜誌的領航人,還有眾多宜蘭精英和草根文字工作者,開心地和黃春明在文字田間作夥,黃春明還在努力地為下一代做很多可以做的事,做應該做的事。
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七O年代台灣鄉土文學運動析論李祖琵, Li, Zu-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
第一章分三節,研究動機、研究目的、研究架構、研究限制等,企圖對七○年代台灣
鄉土文學運動,文學、社會學與大眾傳播學整合分析之。
第二章分四節,從五○年代反共懷鄉文學,六○年代現代主義文學到七○年代鄉土文
學以及之後的流變,做一概略社會、歷史背景介紹。
第三章分五節,沿用傳播學者拉斯威爾(H.D. Lasswell )的五W 公式來探討鄉土文
學的傳播過程。包括傳播者、傳播內容、傳播頻道、閱聽人及傳播效果。上述推而演
之即是探討鄉土文學運動中的主要作家、作品內容、作品分佈頻道、讀者 及影響效
果。
第四章結論,就鄉土文學運動的功過做一檢討。並提出若干個人省思與建議。
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主體、病體與國體:閻連科鄉土小說的精神系譜陳孟君 Unknown Date (has links)
本文由主體、病體、國體三個面向剖析閻連科身體書寫的精神結構和人文內涵,試圖綰合身體和精神,而非身心二元對立分化的思想進路,以彰顯閻連科鄉土小說的精神系譜。由主體、病體與國體所交織出的核心議題是:鄉土空間中個體的存在意義、價值和方式,進而探究個體與鄉土、國家的互動中所萌發的心靈狀態,及其中所糾葛的歷史、政治、文化、慾望等複雜體系,包括鄉土空間中呈現的身分認同、鄉/城空間中流動的家/國意識、病理空間所展演的生/死意識和歷史創傷。因此,本文探究閻連科鄉土小說的精神系譜旨在:勾勒出閻連科自一九七八年迄今所展現的創作精神史之外,也為了凸顯主體、病體、國體的身體論述視角,呈顯閻連科由身體、權力思索歷史與鄉土的本質內涵,透過身體書寫鬆綁單一、禁忌、極權的國家體制和意識形態,從而交織出富含辯證性的精神系譜。換言之,由精神系譜檢視閻連科的鄉土小說,旨在強化攸關複雜、幽微、細膩的心靈/精神領域,能與主體、病體和國體形構的身體書寫產生密切的對話關係,不僅顯示精神系譜與生命的本能慾望、權力的意志運作、身體的整飭規範密不可分,更能深刻地彰顯形塑身體隱喻的複雜體系。由此可知,閻連科透過身體寫作不斷地追問、思考和表述生存意義的問題,並探索一代人或國家體制的文化精神。
閻連科早期的鄉土小說侷限於農村鄉土的寫實刻畫,到了後期則以國家寓言的書寫策略,將關注鄉土政治的目光擴展為鄉土中國的創作視域,不再僅止於河南鄉土的寫實敘事,而是轉型為富有河南地域色彩的中國寓言。從河南黃土地的鄉土空間開拓為鄉土中國的人文地理空間的全景視野,讓閻連科不得不擺脫以寫實敘事為主的書寫策略,轉而運用充滿想像和前衛的敘事修辭和敘事策略,創作出一部部具有現代或後現代主義特質的奇體小說,閻連科因而在九○年代以降的鄉土小說群中具有獨特的價值和意義。
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由鄉土小說看台灣發展過程中的依附現象蔡文婷, CAI, WEN-TING Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共一冊,計約十萬字,分六章十九節。
本論文基本上以「發展理論」、「台灣近代史」及「台灣鄉土小說」三者為立幹。申
言之,乃先論述「發展理論」中的依附議題,及有關台灣的研究;說艮鄉土小說對台
灣發展過程的有力反映;配合史實,引證有關的鄉土小說作品;最後,綜述作品表達
的現實,予以詮釋。
本論文研討範圍起自一八九五年日本治台時,終至目前;包括政治、經濟、社會文化
三層面。以期看出小說內容的演變、發展理論和小說的異同...等,尤其要在理論
研究、歷史記載之外,從鄉土小說這一媒介中來看台灣的發展課題。
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韓少功「後新時期」創作論 / A Study of Han Shaogong's Creation in Post-new Period蘇怡如, Su, Yi Ju Unknown Date (has links)
韓少功是八0年代崛起的知青小說作家、尋根文學先鋒,於西方文學對大陸文壇浸漬漸廣背景下,明確提出關注本土文化、文學傳統的理念。這樣的思考路數以更複雜的呈現方式貫穿於他「後新時期」的創作裡,且表現在他的「打破文體」嘗試中。
本論文第一章說明為何以韓少功「後新時期(一九八九年起)」的創作為主要研究對象。選擇「後新時期」作為概要的研究時間範圍,是因從八0年代末尾開始的「後新時期」無論在文學或政治上,都開始了一連串重要的轉變,韓少功亦明顯意識到文學政治環境的不同而有相應的創作實踐。
論文第二章全面探討韓少功研究中罕為人系統論述的散文創作,韓少功「後新時期」以來減少中短篇小說的創作而轉向更多「散文」創作,乃和九0年代前期的「人文精神論爭」及後期的「新左派與新自由主義」之爭對他的思想刺激密切相關,散文中的重要主題皆意在回應論爭中的焦點概念。
論文第三章分析「後新時期」韓少功雖減產但仍傾注關懷的中短篇小說。這些文本中無論是對文革創傷或革命化記憶、知識份子啟蒙角色或知識菁英醜態,都以諧謔反諷風格淋漓解剖,但一代人的理想消失與沉痛恆在隱然其間。
論文第四章析論《馬橋詞典》如何以傳統文學中「筆記」形式結構小說,用以呈現駁雜紛繁的民間生活,顛覆以往文藝政策對「真實」的規範。此外,析述文本如何以對「小說語言」重要性的強調取代對小說思想標準的強調,融古漢語、方言、歐化普通白話、大眾化政治話語於一爐以進行思考,借此思考漢語如何現代化、並達到抵抗西方文藝主導權的意圖。
第五章分析長篇小說《暗示》裡如何對文革經典象符、現代化媒象進行解讀,以瓦解革命意識形態及進步主義迷思。其次,析論《暗示》如何仿擬九0年代盛行於大陸的「文化研究」策略,由此形構出《暗示》擷取文化象符以進行拆解的文本結構特色。
第六章探討長篇散文《山南水北》如何承《馬橋詞典》的「筆記」實錄風格,記錄遷居湖南八溪鄉後鄉土生活種種,其次,探討文本如何對比城鄉生存處境、又如何重新觀照傳統文化、展現與大自然對話的意圖,以此與中國的鄉土文學傳統及當代鄉土寫作對話。
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阿美族鄉土文化教材、教學歷程及其相關問題研究─以邦查國小為例 / A study on Ami indigenous culture teaching materials, teaching process and related problems—the case of Pangcah elementary school劉唯玉, Liu, Wei-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在分析阿美族鄉土文化教材之內容,並探討這套教材在邦查國小實施的情形。前者以內容分析法,輔以論域分析法進行研究;後者則以參與式觀察法和訪談法進行研究。本研究之研究結果如下:
壹 在理念部分,研究發現本教材實施的最大困難在於邦查國小師生皆無法完全肯定原住民鄉土文化教材的價值。他們無法肯定本教材實施的主因在於幾個看似衝突概念之間的矛盾與混淆,分別是「國際化」對「本土化」、「同化」對「多元化」、「認同」對「生存」等。除非能夠釐清這幾個概念,否則原住民鄉土文化教材仍很難在國小教育中落實。
貳 在阿美族鄉土文化教材之內容部分,研究發現本套教材之照片多於圖片,較能說服學生相信文字所敘述的是「現在真實存在」的文化,而更有真實感。本教材之文字描述最著重精神文化,其次為社群文化,最少的則為物質文化。而圖片呈現最多的是精神文化,其次為物質文化,最少的是社群文化。研究並發現此套教材隱含有父權意識型態,並有避免呈現負面、衝突和困境,標題和內容不符,以及母語標注系統不一致等疏誤。
參 在阿美族鄉土文化教材之實施部分,大環境所看到的是不斷變動之課程改革政策與虛化之鄉土教材教科書;蘊涵豐富阿美族文化的邦查村,卻因族人參與意願、信仰因素、及青壯年之族人遠離部落到他鄉工作等主客觀因素,使得學童接觸本族文化機會少。在邦查國小鄉土活動課程之實施部分:八十七學年度上學期邦查國小實際上課的節數只有十四次。上課主題部分只有四次是關於阿美族族群文化的,另外十次則是邦查村之鄉土教材。在實際教學部分:發現教師對教材陌生、感到生疏、不自在、不知道如何教。教學重陳述,少有比較、評論或價值澄清。教學法強調記憶與背誦,互動偏向教師對全體學生的封閉性問題之問答。經過一個學期的教學,學生對於自己本族的看法不是太樂觀積極。
肆 整體而言,阿美族鄉土文化教材之實施至少有以下幾個問題:1.本鄉鄉土教材課程優先於原住民鄉土族群文化課程,原住民學童在學校仍無法學到自己的族群文化;2.教師在教導鄉土教學時,相關之教學專業知能不足,影響教學效果;3.想讓一個民族明白自己文化的根,使他們有自信,但卻只提供單一課程,則其功用有限。
最後,本研究並針對上述研究發現提出討論與建議。 / The study aims to analyze the contents of Ami indigenous culture teaching materials and to explore the process of employing these teaching materials in Pangcah elementary school. Content analysis and discourse analysis were conducted. Participatory observation and interview were also employed.
Findings include:
1. The most difficult thing for implementing Ami teaching materials is that the staff and students were unconvinced of their values. The Ami indigenous culture teaching materials cannot be successfully implemented unless people can clarify the concepts of “internationalization vs. localization”, ”assimilation vs. diversification”, and “identification vs. survival”.
2. In the contents of Ami indigenous culture teaching materials, there are more photos than drawings, making the depicted real things of the past even more convincing. Most of the text describes the spiritual culture, less of the text describes the social system culture, and least of the text describes the substance culture. However, most pictures show the spiritual culture, less pictures show the substance culture, and least pictures show the social system culture. There was fatherhood ideology hidden in these teaching materials. Additional mistakes include the avoidance of negation, conflicts and dilemma, the incompatibility between title and content, and the inconsistent phonetic symbol systems of labeling Ami indigenous language.
3. The implementation of the Ami indigenous culture teaching materials was conditioned by the unceasingly changing curriculum policies, inefficient use of textbooks, and the ignorance of abundant Ami culture existing in the Pangcah village. In the instructional process, time is very limited, and the teacher did not perform very well. When he taught, he spoke alone and hardly has any comparisons, comments or clarifications. The teacher emphasized on reciting and rote-memory, with little teacher-student interaction. In the end of the semester, students did not develop positive attitude toward their own culture.
Overall speaking, the implementation of Ami cultural teaching materials encounter at least the following problems:
1) the local mainstream curriculum takes precedence over the Ami cultural curriculum, thus precludes the absorption of their own culture by the Ami school children.
2) The effect of special instruction is usually offset by teachers' lack of the specialized pedagogical knowledge.
3) It is virtually impossible to restore self-confidence of the indigenous race through the implementation of one single subject's curriculum. Doing so would undoubtedly produce limited effect.
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瓦.拉斯普京作品中的鄉土主義思想(以中篇小說《最後的期限》、《告別馬焦拉》、《失火記》為例)茹靜芳 Unknown Date (has links)
民族獨特性的問題對近兩百年來的俄羅斯而言極為迫切,從十九世紀著名的俄羅斯作家、哲學家、社會活動家與政論家對此問題不斷的探討,正說明了這一點。在蘇聯政權尚存的階段,由於國際主義思想之控制,此問題實際上並未被研究,而僅出現在少數作家的作品中,最主要也最明顯地表現在瓦.拉斯普京的作品裡。本研究的目的乃在探究陀斯妥耶夫斯基在《作家日記》及其政論文章中所表述,部分受到斯拉夫主義影響,但同時亦與斯拉夫主義者進行論戰之鄉土主義思想,在瓦.拉斯普京的作品中產生何種不同反映。本論文首先分析斯拉夫主義者與鄉土主義者之觀點,以揭示其意識形態的基本原則;再針對瓦.拉斯普京的三部中篇小說《最後的期限》、《告別馬焦拉》、《失火記》進行完整的主題思想—文藝分析;繼而以上述中篇小說之分析為基礎,探討一九七○到一九八五年間「失根」此一主題在瓦.拉斯普京的作品中的演變發展;最後將鄉土主義意識型態的基本原則,及瓦.拉斯普京反映在其作品中之世界觀的基本原則進行對比,以釐清兩者之間的共同性與相異處。據此可歸納出關於「鄉土」思想之繼承性與轉變的明確結論。「鄉土」思想乃是俄羅斯社會思想發展中最獨特的思想之一,由此發展出俄羅斯民族的民族獨特性。
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主體性的追尋:台灣鄉土教育理念的實踐與發展 / In search of subjectivity:王雅萍, Ong, Nga Ping Unknown Date (has links)
台灣的主體性(subjectivity)教育從教育權的角度思考,可分個人主體和國家主體,台灣過去的教育面臨個人主體和國家主體的雙重主體模糊。
台灣在解嚴後的22年內,一共換了9位教育部長,除了是教育改革問題外,也呈現了在台灣教育領域中台灣的國家想像(nation image)與國族主義(nationalism)之間的複雜糾葛。
二次大戰後,鄉土教育在台灣的發展,分成六個發展階段,從台灣的主體性追尋的角度來看,「九年一貫制」實施前後,是本研究討論與觀察的重點。
本研究全文有五章,先整理鄉土教育政策發展歷程,再討論「師資」、「教材」、「施教老師與受教學生」三個面向,發現「台灣主體性」教育哲學的建構,展現解嚴後在「人的主體性」和「國家主體性」在教育領域的辯證互動。 / From the aspect of education rights, the education with Taiwan as the subject is involved with individual subjectivity and national subjectivity. In the past, education in Taiwan blurred both individual subjectivity and national subjectivity.
Since the Martial Law was abolished, there have been nine ministers of education, in part because of issues on education reforms. Moreover, it underlines the complex twist of nation image and natoionalism in Taiwan’s education system.
After the Second World War, the development of the siangtu education, education about neighboring communities and the land we live on, in Taiwan has entered the sixed stage. In the prospect of in search of the subjectivity of Taiwan, the periods before and after the implementation of the 9-year integrated curriculum are worth making observations on. Thus, this thesis looks deeper into these periods and discusses them.
There are five chapters in the thesis. First is the development of the siangtu education policy presented. Then come the discussions in the aspects of “teacher resources,” “material,” and “those who teach and those who are taught.” That results in the possible ways which may help the construction of education philosophy of the “subjectivity of Taiwan.” The debates in the education field about “individual subjectivity” and “national subjectivity” after the abolishment of the Martial Law are also shown in the thesis.
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現代性/民族性:韓少功、莫言、阿來長篇鄉 土小說中的認同政治 / Modernity/Nationalism : Identity Politics of Han Shao-Gong, Mo Yan and A-Lai’s Native-soil Fictions郭澤樺, Kuo, Tse-Hua Unknown Date (has links)
鄉土文學作為一種文學類別,源出於作家們對前現代、傳統文化與土地關係的關懷。隨著時代變遷,鄉土文學被賦予更多的功能。不再只是再現吾人現代性精神危機的烏托邦救贖,也不單純只是對逝去的純美人情的哀悼,更不僅被當作現代性的對立面。從五四時期以來的鄉土文學至今,已然發展出全然不同的面貌,唯一不變的是,鄉土文學的核心價值依舊是以「人與土地」為主軸,從人與土地的關係出發,思考不同階段的社會轉型與文化衝擊。在持續的現代化與全球化的當下,鄉土文學必然受到衝擊,在現代化與高度資本主義的社會環境中,都市文學與大眾娛樂文化的雙重夾擊下,鄉土文學成為一種艱難的文類,在世代差異之下,鄉土文學必然喪失其影響力與活力。
此外,中國特殊的政治體制與其制度,使得鄉土文學產生不同的變化,轉型成為一種彈性的文類,將鄉土視為全球化的在地資本,再者,因中國快速的全面轉型,使得新舊文化被雜揉於同一時期。新與舊、現代與傳統、都市與鄉村就這樣被濃縮在同一時期裡。因此鄉土文學在中國,除了因疆域廣大,現代化程度的普及性仍有一定限度外,最重要的是,當今中國的中堅世代,都是歷經高度文化衝擊下的一員,在他們身上仍舊保留傳統文化的親歷性,也同樣對現代化的利弊具有深刻理解,作家們依循自己的生命經驗試圖理解當代中國與世界。
本研究先以中國當代文化語境與鄉土文學之發展脈絡為背景,再以三位50後作家韓少功、莫言、阿來之專章,討論其鄉土小說中的身分認同。此三位作家皆完整經歷中國當代劇烈的社會變遷,並循著自身的「鄉土經驗」,重新審視中國現代性如何擺盪在現代性與民族性之間,並展現其中的文化能動性,以多元的鄉土文體形式來界定主流政治。
自新時期以來,中國作家與主流政治共同自「鄉土」汲取文化動能,建構屬於自身獨特的話語形式(discourse)回應中國新時期的後革命論述。 / As a literary category, the native-soil literature was originated from the care that the writers had on the relationship between pre-modern, traditional culture and the land. With the changing times, the native-soil literature has been given more functions. It is no longer just to re represent the utopian salvation of our modern spiritual crisis, or just the mourning for the passed-by beautiful interpersonal affection, or only be viewed as the opposite of modernity. Since the May Fourth period, the native-soil literature has now developed a completely different appearance. The only constant is that the core value of the native-soil literature remains to be centered around the “people and the land”, rooting from the relationship between people and the land to think about the different stages of social transformation and cultural impact. Under the ongoing modernization and globalization, the native-soil literature is bound to be impacted. In the modern and highly capitalist social environment and under the double attacks of urban literature and mass entertainment culture, the native-soil literature has become a difficult genre. Due to the generation differences, the native-soil literature will inevitably lose its influence and vitality.
In addition, the special political framework and system of China cause the native-soil literature to have different changes, transforming into a flexible genre and viewing the “native soil” as the globalized local capital. Moreover, due to rapid and comprehensive transformation of China, the old and new cultures were rubbed into the same period. The concepts of new and old, modern and traditional, and urban and rural were all condensed into the same period as well. Therefore, while the native-soil literature of China has been somewhat limited in terms of degree of modernization and popularity due to the vast territory, the most important thing is that the backbone generation in China today all went through high cultural impact, and they still retain the traditional cultural experiences while having deep understandings about the pros and cons of modernization. The writers try to understand the contemporary China and the world through their own life experiences.
This study uses the development processes of Chinese contemporary cultural context and native-soil literature as background, and then discuss the identity identification within the native-soil novels through dedicated chapters of three writers who were born after 1950 – Han Shao-gong, Mo Yan and Alai. All three writers went through dramatic social changes of contemporary China, and with their “native-soil experiences”, they re-examined how China's modernity swung between the modernity and nationality, displayed the cultural motility therein, and defined the mainstream politics in the form of multivariate native-soil literature.
Ever since the new era, writers and mainstream politics in China have all been drawing cultural energies from the “native-soil” to construct their own unique discourse forms, so as to respond to the post-Revolution discourse of China’s new era.
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鍾理和文學裡的「魯迅」張清文 Unknown Date (has links)
摘 要
根據鍾理和寫給文友廖清秀的信函中,指出他約在一九三○年左右,接觸了大量的中國新文學作家的作品,引起他強烈的閱讀興趣,甚至到了廢寢忘食的地步,而其中影響最大且最深的要算是魯迅,因為不論在他的日記或與文友的通信中,最常提及的中國作家就是魯迅。
魯迅是中國新文學運動中最重要的作家,他在文學上的成就,不僅在中國,甚至對鄰近的日本、韓國、新加坡等都產生了深遠的影響,他不僅是中國文學上的巨人,也是躋身世界文學之林的大文豪,日據時期的台灣文壇就是站在世界文學的角度上,開始閱讀並接受魯迅,鍾理和也就是在這樣的文學背景下接觸魯迅。因此,我們在看待魯迅對鍾理和的影響之時,並不把他當作是個獨特現象,而是把他放置在「台灣魯迅學」的範疇中,視為魯迅在台灣傳播的眾多面向之一。所以,本論文首先簡單探討魯迅文學在台灣的傳播情形,再透過對兩人文本的細讀與比較,尋繹魯迅對鍾理和文學的影響。
要進行不同作家文學的傳承或影響的研究,並不能只強調兩者的接觸關係,還必須在諸如主題、表現方式、文字技巧、創作風格等等的層面上進行考察,才能得到較為完整、正確的結果。因此,我們嘗試在鍾理和的作品中,尋找若干對魯迅文學的繼承或轉化的情形,尤其在顯而易見的國民性批判議題與寫實精神的發揚上,除了探討文字上所具體呈現的影響外,也注意在精神或思想上的可能關連。透過這些全面而深入的討論,我們看到鍾理和之所以接受魯迅文學,無疑地主要是著眼在「現代性」這部分上。同樣源自對傳統封建思想的不滿,企求對所處社會進行改革,在國民性的議題上,在對鄉土的寫實與批判上,無一不是站在「現代性」的立場,吸收、學習魯迅相關的文學與思想,但鍾理和的文學並不完全等於魯迅,他一直有著自我獨特的風格,始終立足於台灣的觀點,恰如其份地展現他的主體性。
此外,我們也明確的看到鍾理和是在文學上認識、接受並詮釋魯迅的,有別於被中共神化或國民黨貶抑的扭曲形象,在這裡我們重新看到魯迅作為文學家的真實形象。而鍾理和借鑑魯迅文學的事實,也說明魯迅或中國文學確曾對台灣文學的發展產生作用,並客觀證成台灣文學開放性的特色。 / Abstract
Zhong Li-he pointed out in his correspondence with his literary friend Liao Qing-xiu that sometime around 1930 he began to be in touch with a lot of literary works written by Chinese new-vernacular literary writers, which aroused his intense reading interest to the extent that he couldn’t eat and sleep without finishing reading them. Lu Xun was the Chinese writer who had the greatest influence on Zhong Li-he because his name was most often mentioned in either his diaries or his correspondence with his literary friends.
Lu Xun, whose achievement in literature exerted profound influence not only in China but also on neighboring countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, was the most important writer in the Chinese new-vernacular literature movement. Not only was he a literary giant in Chinese literature, but he was also an eminent writer in world literature. In fact, the literary arena of Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule started to read and accept the works of Lu Xun from the perspective of World literature, and it was against this literary background that Zhong Li-he began his contact with the literary works of Lu Xun. Therefore, we do not treat Lu Xun’s influence on Zhong Li-he as a unique phenomenon; in contrast, we place it in the field of “Lu Xun Studies in Taiwan,” and regard it as one of the many facets of how the literary works of Lu Xun were disseminated in Taiwan. Therefore, this dissertation first discusses how Lu Xun literature was disseminated in Taiwan. It then inquires into the influence Lu Xun exerted on Zhong Li-he literature by comparing their literary texts.
When carrying out a research into the inheritance or influence of the literary works of different writers, we cannot emphasize simply on the way they contact with one another; on the contrary, we must also examine other facets such as the literary subjects, the ways they are expressed, the writing skills, the creative writing styles etc. so as to arrive at a more complete and correct conclusion. Therefore, we attempt to find out how Lu Xun literature was inherited or transformed through the reading of Zhong Li-he’s literary works. For instance, when dealing with the issues of national characteristic criticism and the promotion of realistic writing, we not only discuss the influence they embodied in written language, but also take notice of the possible correlation between them in terms of spirits or thoughts. By means of comprehensive and thorough discussion, we find out that Zhong Li-he’s acceptance of Lu Xun literature was undoubtedly because of his focus on the aspect of “modernity”. Similarly, on the issue of national characteristic and on the realism and criticism of “hometown”, Zhong Li-he’s position was anchored in “modernity”, expressing his discontentment with traditional feudalistic thinking and his great eagerness for social reforms. Even though Zhong Li-he learned and soaked up Lu Xun-related literature and thoughts, Zhong Li-he literature is not equivalent to Lu Xun literature because Zhong always had his own unique style. He grounded his position from the perspective of Taiwan, which reflected his subjectivity.
Finally, we clearly find out that Zhong Li-he came to know, accept and interpret Lu Xun literarily, which is different from the distorted image conjured up by the Chinese Communist Party’s deification or Kuomintang’s disparagement of him. It is in this context that we see the real image of Lu Xun as a literary man. On the other hand, the fact that Zhong Li-he drew lessons from Lu Xun literature explained that Lu Xun or the Chinese literature did exercise influence on the development of the literature of Taiwan, which objectively testified to the fact that openness was a characteristic of the literature of Taiwan.
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