這篇哲學論文是對約翰．麥克道爾(John McDowell)對「主體性」(subjectivity)看法的一個探究。這個計畫由兩部分所組成。一方面，我將討論麥克道爾如何理解並回應他所處理的諸多議題；另一方面，我將藉由考慮主體性的不同面向來進行相關的討論：一個主體是一個存在世界中的知覺者、知識者、思想者、說話者、行動者、具人格者(person)、以及(自我)意識者。我藉由指出並消解一個出自於「理性動物」這個概念的緊張關係來開始這個探究：人類是自然的，卻也同時是理性的。稍後這個探究藉由考慮麥克道爾的「第二自然∕天性」(second nature)概念如何使我們成為具有多重面貌的人類主體來推進。透過細究麥克道爾的診斷與回應，現代與當代哲學中的兩個中心錯誤–狹窄的自然觀以及「笛卡兒式的內在空間」(Cartesian inner space)–將被指出並且拒斥。 在導論章裡我首先建議我們應該為某個對「世界」的看法留下空間。我進一步論證「心靈性」(mentality)具有許多面向，而了解這些面向便是去了解人類主體的多重面貌。在第一章裡，我解釋為了消解「理性動物」這個概念所產生的緊張關係，亞里斯多德(Aristotle)的「第二自然∕天性」概念如何被引進。其後我回應一些對這個策略的擔憂，包括萊特(Crispin Wright)及其它哲學家的批評。高達美(Hans-Georg Gadamer)的「世界∕環境」區分也被引介並關聯到麥克道爾的思想。第二章討論知覺與知識；麥克道爾的主要標的–笛卡兒式的內在空間–被引進並批評。我也對史卓(Barry Stroud)與布雷克本(Simon Blackburn)的相關立場進行評價。稍後我把心靈與世界(Mind and World)的主題和現有的脈絡關聯起來；具體來說，我討論麥克道爾對戴維森(Donald Davidson)與康德(Immanuel Kant)的引用與延伸。然後我討論一個常被提及的「觀念論」指控，以及布蘭登(Robert Brandom)的「殘餘笛卡兒主義」(residual Cartesianism)批評。第三章專注於庫律普基(Saul Kripke)的維根斯坦(Ludwig Wittgenstein)，指出在規則依循背後的一個主要論題是內在空間模型的一個版本，而且庫律普基的維根斯坦其實並不是真正的維根斯坦。我回應來自庫許(Martin Kusch)的許多批評；達美特(Michael Dummett)對化約論的要求也被駁斥。其後，我考慮戴維森的「無語言」宣稱，並討論麥克道爾在多大的程度上同意他。第四章我衡量來自德雷弗斯(Hubert Dreyfus)關於行動和行動者的批評。我討論麥克道爾如何論證德雷弗斯與梅洛龐蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)都犯了「無身體的智性主體迷思」(the Myth of the Disembodied Intellect)。討論當中也回應了艾爾斯(Michael Ayers)的智性主義指控。其後我引入麥克道爾對帕菲特(Derek Parfit)人格看法、以及對戴維森對心物關聯說法的批評。在第五章我專注於意識和自我意識。麥克道爾將他對帕菲特的論證應用在康德身上，但基尼斯弗(Maximilian de Gaynesford)認為麥克道爾誤讀了康德。我為麥克道爾回應這些批評。我進一步把這個討論關聯到麥克道爾對「概念架構–內容二元論」(scheme-content dualism)的攻擊。這把我們帶領到麥克道爾式看法對「感質」(qualia)的拒斥，並進一步到錯覺論證脈絡下「意向主義」(intentionalism)和「選言主義」(disjunctivism)的爭論。我批評克瑞(Tim Crane)設想意向主義以及錯覺論證的方式。我也討論了許多版本的選言主義。在結論章裡，我表達了對麥克道爾「自我決定主體性」(self-determining subjectivity)這個概念的疑慮。根據麥克道爾，人類的自由為「理由空間中的因果關係」(causations in the space of reasons)所構成，但如同賈斯金(Richard Gaskin)所指出，對它的一個完整說明尚未被提供。我以一些關於要如何填滿這個麥克道爾式圖像的約略想法來作結。 / This essay is an inquiry into John McDowell’s thinking on ‘subjectivity.’ The project consists in two parts. On the one hand, I will discuss how McDowell understands and responds to the various issues he is tackling; on the other, I will approach relevant issues concerning subjectivity by considering different aspects of it: a subject as a perceiver, knower, thinker, speaker, agent, person and (self-) conscious being in the world. The inquiry begins by identifying and resolving a tension generated by the very idea of ‘rational animal’: human beings are at the same time natural and rational. Later the inquiry proceeds by considering how McDowell’s notion of ‘second nature’ enables us to be human subjects with many faces. By going through the diagnoses and responses of McDowell, two central problems in modern and contemporary philosophy – the narrow conception of nature and the Cartesian inner space model – are identified and repelled. In Episode N I first urge that we should leave room for a certain notion of ‘world.’ I further argue that mentality has many aspects, and to understand those aspects is to understand the many faces of human subject. In Episode Ⅰ the Aristotelian notion of ‘second nature’ is discussed in order to resolve the tension in the very idea of ‘rational animal.’ Later I reply to some worries about this maneuver, including the objection from Crispin Wright. Hans-Georg Gadamer’s distinction between world and environment is introduced and related to McDowell’s thinking. Episode Ⅱ discusses perception and knowledge; McDowell’s main target – the Cartesian inner space – is introduced and criticized. Barry Stroud’s and Simon Blackburn’s positions are evaluated. Later I connect the main theme of Mind and World to the present context; in particular, I discuss McDowell’s invocation of Donald Davidson and Immanuel Kant. And then I discuss a common accusation of idealism, and Robert Brandom’s accusation of ‘residual individualism.’ Episode Ⅲ concentrates on Saul Kripke’s Wittgenstein, arguing that the master thesis behind the rule-following paradox is a version of the inner space model, and that Kripke’s Wittgenstein is not Wittgenstein. Martin Kusch’s objections are answered; Michael Dummett’s demand of reductionism is rebutted. After this, I turn to Davidson’s ‘no language’ claim, and discuss to what extent McDowell agrees with him. In Episode Ⅳ I evaluate objections from Hubert Dreyfus concerning action and agency. I discuss how Dreyfus and Maurice Merleau-Ponty commit ‘the Myth of the Disembodied Intellect’ identified by McDowell. I answer Michael Ayer’s charge of intellectualism in passing. Later I bring in McDowell’s objections to Derek Parfit on personhood and to Davidson on the mind-body relation. In Episode Ⅴ I focus on consciousness and self-consciousness. McDowell applies his argument against Parfit to Kant, but Maximilian de Gaynesford dissents. I reply to his objections on McDowell’s behalf. I further connect this to McDowell’s attacks on the dualism of scheme and content. This leads to my McDowellian rejection to the existence of qualia, and further brings me to the debate between intentionalism and disjunctivism in the context of the argument from illusion. I argue against Tim Crane’s ways of conceiving issues about intentionalism and the argument from illusion. Varieties of disjunctivism are also discussed. In my Epilogue, I express my worry about McDowell’s notion of ‘self-determining subjectivity.’ According to McDowell, human freedom consists in causations in the space of reason, but as Richard Gaskin points out, a satisfying story of it is yet to be provided. I close this essay with some rough ideas about how to fill in the details of the McDowellian picture.

本篇研究論文所展現的研究任務和結果主要分為兩個方面，有如論文題目所呈現的：第一是黑格爾邏輯學之存有、本質與概念之必然連結如何可能；第二是範疇運動的最終目的之定位：絕對主體性與主客交互性。

台灣的主體性（subjectivity）教育從教育權的角度思考，可分個人主體和國家主體，台灣過去的教育面臨個人主體和國家主體的雙重主體模糊。 台灣在解嚴後的22年內，一共換了9位教育部長，除了是教育改革問題外，也呈現了在台灣教育領域中台灣的國家想像（nation image）與國族主義（nationalism）之間的複雜糾葛。 二次大戰後，鄉土教育在台灣的發展，分成六個發展階段，從台灣的主體性追尋的角度來看，「九年一貫制」實施前後，是本研究討論與觀察的重點。 本研究全文有五章，先整理鄉土教育政策發展歷程，再討論「師資」、「教材」、「施教老師與受教學生」三個面向，發現「台灣主體性」教育哲學的建構，展現解嚴後在「人的主體性」和「國家主體性」在教育領域的辯證互動。 / From the aspect of education rights, the education with Taiwan as the subject is involved with individual subjectivity and national subjectivity. In the past, education in Taiwan blurred both individual subjectivity and national subjectivity. Since the Martial Law was abolished, there have been nine ministers of education, in part because of issues on education reforms. Moreover, it underlines the complex twist of nation image and natoionalism in Taiwan’s education system. After the Second World War, the development of the siangtu education, education about neighboring communities and the land we live on, in Taiwan has entered the sixed stage. In the prospect of in search of the subjectivity of Taiwan, the periods before and after the implementation of the 9-year integrated curriculum are worth making observations on. Thus, this thesis looks deeper into these periods and discusses them. There are five chapters in the thesis. First is the development of the siangtu education policy presented. Then come the discussions in the aspects of “teacher resources,” “material,” and “those who teach and those who are taught.” That results in the possible ways which may help the construction of education philosophy of the “subjectivity of Taiwan.” The debates in the education field about “individual subjectivity” and “national subjectivity” after the abolishment of the Martial Law are also shown in the thesis.

摘要 司馬庫斯村，一個位於新竹縣山區的偏僻村莊，在過去幾年來為自己建立了一 個口盃，不僅成為著名的觀光景點，也是台灣在地生態旅遊的榜樣。而在漫長 的觀光發展過程中，仍然能夠保有其主體性則是其獨有的特色。本研究旨在論 證司馬庫斯族人，如何在眾多利害關係方的糾葛下，依舊能維持其對生態旅遊 的堅持。本文將針對三個不同的，分別由總體層面(非政府組織 (NGOs)、政府 機關、觀光客、私人投資者，以及學者）與個體層面 (村落長老、家庭以及教 會)，闡述司馬庫斯與各個外部利害關係人間的互動及其影響。本文主要立基於 二手文獻，但也包含了部份原始資料，例如訪談記錄及報章文獻。本文透過個 體及總體層面闡明各個利害關係方間的衝擊、變化及發展。在研究過程中有數 個重大的發現，首先，社群的凝聚–包括在地教會的支持，以及一位深具個人魅 力的村落長老–對文化及傳統的關注、對自決的重視、許多不同面向上的賦權 (empowerment)及對觀光發展過程的掌控，是司馬庫斯村民們能夠維持其對生態 旅遊的堅持的主要原因。其次，本案體現了透過對挑戰的克服，及對信仰與傳 統的信心，成功實現了替代發展。 / Abstract Smangus Village, a remote community in the mountains of Hsinchu County, has made a name for itself in the last few years. It has become a famous tourist destination and role model for successful indigenous ecotourism business in Taiwan. The power to maintain subjectivity during a long process of tourism development is its trademark. This study will demonstrate how the people of Smangus could maintain their way of tourism business even though they had to tangle with various stakeholders. To illustrate the influence and interaction of various external stakeholders with the village, this thesis will investigate from the macro level (Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), government agencies, private investors, tourists, and scholars) and the micro level (the village leader, families and the church) across three different time periods. The research is mainly based on secondary literature however it also includes primary sources such as interviews and articles from Taiwanese newspapers. The thesis illuminates impact, change, and development in terms of each stakeholder at both micro and macro levels. This examination made important discoveries about the successful implementation of indigenous ecotourism. The research concludes, firstly, that (a.) coherence in the community which includes a supportive church and a charismatic village chief, (b.) the focus on culture and traditions, (c.) emphasis on self-determination, (d.) the empowerment in various dimensions, and (e.) the ability to exercise power over the tourism development process are the main reasons why the people of Smangus can maintain their way of tourism business. Secondly, it exemplifies a case which was able to achieve alternative development through overcoming challenges and faith in their beliefs and traditions.

本文目的在探討作為方法論的現象學,在胡塞爾與海德格之間如何產生轉變.討論的主軸在於時間性,討論的起點則從意向性開始.第一章導論部份在提出胡塞爾與海德格現象學態度的不同,首先就表現在對意向性的看法上.本章論證了意向性作為問題討論之起點的必要性,以及意向性引發之種種問題.第二章則深入探討胡塞爾之意向性是否為最基本的結構,並論證海德格提出意向性之存有的必要性.第三章探討海德格所論之意向性之存有與超越性之關係,並說明超越性的時間意義.第四章論述了胡塞爾與海德格兩人對時間性的不同看法.第五章以時間性看法之差異,導致兩人哲學的分歧,並以<意義>和<主體性>兩個主題來檢視此一問題.

本論文所要論述的中心觀點是「我」與「非我」（本論文所設定的對象是他人）之間的關係為何？傳統哲學在這個問題的處理上往往受到知識論的影響而陷入一種兩難的情境：一是單薄的類比論証之困擾；二是獨我論的危機。然而本論文所強調的「身體主體的互為主體性」之涵意正是對應著這種知識論上的兩難而來，主張兩者之間彼此蘊涵的存在關係。因此，就這個意義上來說，「身體主體的互為主體性」可以突破傳統哲學的困難，把我和他人的關係引領到另一個嶄新的境界中。因此本論文正是追問這個「身體主體的互為主體性」究竟是如何可能的？再者，我們也不能忘記梅洛龐蒂也是一位現象學家，而他對胡賽爾著作的詮釋方式更是一個引人爭議的地方，因此當我們在討論「身體主體的互為主體性」意涵是如何可能的時候自然也不能脫離整個現象學的背景。這也就是說，當我們在處理「身體主體的互為主體性」是如何可能的同時，也就等於在處理梅洛龐蒂是如何詮釋胡賽爾互為主體性現象學的問題。這兩個議題在本論文中是並行不悖的。因此，我們現在可以進一步確認本論文的立論方向乃是以他人問題作為切點來討論「知識論的存在基礎為何？」而我們所討論的方式是，梅洛龐蒂「身體主體的互為主體性」乃是來自於胡賽爾互為主體性概念的啟發，這個現象學背景所呈現出的人文情境是本論文所要表達的基調。但是梅洛龐蒂並不贊成胡賽爾的認識論態度，亦即，我與他人之間的關係並非經由一種純粹的意識操作能夠獲致，事實上，它們是一種存在的關係--人就是在世存有。而後者梅洛龐蒂則用身體主體(Body-Subject)或是肉身(Flesh)來表示。但這並不意味著梅洛龐蒂完全放棄意識而轉向與之對立的身體，而是意識乃是「身體的意識」，意識其實是身體對自身的回顧與觀照，當意識觀照自我時，就是在觀照身體，觀照世界，觀照他人，反之亦然。因此藉由身體與意識之間的存在纏繞，使得主體的互為主體性意涵得以獲得深刻的存在關連。

圓教是中國佛學獨有的概念，圓主要指圓滿和圓融二義，圓教即圓滿究竟、圓融無礙地總攝一切法的教法。對天台宗來說，這圓教是如何可能的呢﹖智者大師透過教相門與觀心門來講圓教，教相門就是以判教理論，分判、判定有佛一代的說法，何者為權，何者為實，而最後必以天台圓教為實。觀心門就是通過智者大師自心所行法門，點出一念三千的教說，由此一念心即具三千法以明圓教之義。 　　另外，佛性是中土佛教思想的核心概念，主導著整個中國佛學的發展方向，然則在天台圓教浸潤下，會顯出何種形態的佛性理論﹖我們發現，在天台宗之思想中，佛性圓滿無盡地具足一切法，可以說和圓教義理是一致的，實則兩者之關係本來就密不可分。 　　總之，天台圓教和佛性思想表顯著中國佛教哲學的高峰，亦充份地開顯了大乘佛教的精神，實為人類思想文化的一大寶庫。

從政治－歷史的角度來看，鄭成功具有已進入世界體系的歷史身份；由現代「民族國」的歷史角度來看，鄭成功本身即有豐富的「史實面向」──初為日本人、長為中國人、死為台灣人──從史實面向出發，和台灣曾受到中國、日本統治的歷史過程相疊合，鄭成功受到不間斷、而且相對不同的歷史解釋；這些不同的解釋，也造成鄭成功這個概念的多元性。而被政權所引以鞏固自身統治正當性，或者被政權引為統治者精神象徵的，我們稱呼這種概念為「鄭成功的意識型態」。鄭成功的意識型態經過不同歷史時期的詮釋，分別表現為，一、海寇──為民之戒、為國之賊；二、忠節──危身奉上、難危莫奪；三、武士──武勇壯烈、南海雄飛；四、孤忠──反清復明、建國復國。也因為這些詮釋是做為「鞏固政權的意識型態」，因此，在台灣主體性彰顯的今天，受到來自兩方面的攻擊：一方面是政治實務上的經台無功；另一方面是政治目標上的反清復明。 　　本論文認為，我們應該正面接受鄭成功這個概念做為意識型態的事實，然而不應以「因為受政治影響而形塑出的鄭成功概念」做為對鄭成功負面評價的理由。我們應由民間社會的角度出發，對鄭成功概念進行整體的分析。以民間社會概念來與政權意識型態對立，從民間社會的概念中理出政治的影響，是本論文提出的分析策略。 　　那麼，如何彰顯民間社會的力量呢？我們提出和鄭成功有關的傳說，以及開台聖王信仰這兩者來進行對比分析。在討論了和鄭成功傳說之後，我們從中分離出了台灣型和中國型的差別，並且認為台灣型的鄭成功傳說才代表了鄭成功概念的進一步發展──神奇的、靈驗的、故事性強的傳說，這是鄭成功從史冊中步入常民生活的重要發展。從傳說走向信仰的過程中，我們比較了關公、岳飛、鄭成功這三位歷史人物，進一步發現，相較於其他兩個人物，「表面性」的政治力涉入在鄭成功的身上較為不明顯，我們認為，在「感念開台之功」（民間式的）和「因其忠烈報國」（政治式的）這兩個崇敬原因裏頭，至少在信仰初期，似乎前者的成份較強。 　　接下來，在開台聖王信仰的分析中，本論文從時間的縱切和地理的分佈上，全貌性地追索現今開台聖王廟的分佈與發展。我們認為，開台聖王信仰的地理分佈，其各自的獨立性相當高，從不同系統的移民來看，在沒有個別廟的單點調查之前，也不宜推論信奉開台聖王的人多屬何種系統。同時，更不宜把「歷史事實」理所當然的放到開台聖王信仰的脈絡中加以申論。此外，我們也提出，開台聖王信仰的歷史分期，與對鄭成功的歷史評價，這兩者應該合在一起看。開台聖王信仰在台灣的成立，受到政治力介入的痕跡相當清楚。「信者的比附」（到底我拜的神是誰？）受到政治力的影響，使得新建和改奉的廟，「祀神選項」趨於固定。從台灣開台聖王信仰本身的源起來看、沒有堅實的證據可以指出，信仰中所奉的主神「就是」／「不是」鄭成功。因此，我們在這一點仍要存疑。但是，毫無疑問地，「現在」我們所指的開台聖王「就是」鄭成功，原因很清楚，是政治運作的結果。是政治力打造了現在三位一體的「鄭成功」＝「國姓／國聖爺」＝「開台／開山聖王」概念。 　　最後，我們認為，從政治－歷史、傳說、信仰這三個角度分別觀察，現在的鄭成功概念就是在這三個面向不斷地纏繞迴旋、互相影響之下造成的，政治－歷史對鄭成功概念帶來最直接的影響；傳說為政治－歷史的解釋以及信仰的生成帶來大量素材；信仰生成新的傳說，也塑造了在民間社會中鄭成功的正面形象，這種形象使得政治－歷史解釋更為便利。分析了諸般糾纏的概念之後，我們認為，如果鄭成功概念的分析，對當代台灣意識的重構，及台灣主體性的建立能有所貢獻的話，那麼，我們的貢獻應該在於提醒：作為一種概念、一種意識型態的「鄭成功」，不宜落入國族主義泥淖的討論與批評；應從台灣的民間社會性格出發，以開放的、面向海洋的觀點，全面性地理解鄭成功概念的全貌。

本篇論文的目的在於討論詹姆斯˙喬伊斯（James Joyce）的小說《尤利西斯》（Ulysses）中對女性角色的描摹與傅柯（Michel Foucault）思想中所關切的議題：論述（discourse）、知識與權力、個體主體性之間的相互作用，並且論證喬伊斯的小說充分落實及展演傅柯的理論表述。透過研究小說中女性角色以何種形貌出現在1904年的都柏林與思考他們如何被形塑成為其樣貌，我發現喬伊斯呈現出一道女性主體之光譜，在此光譜中，不同女性角色面對著論述力量的運作，映照出不同程度的個體主體性。更重要的是，喬伊斯對這些角色的處理預示了傅柯念茲在茲的獨立且自決的個體主體性能夠出現的可能。本論文的第一、二章著重討論論述的規範化（normalization）機制，憑藉規範化的技術，任何特定的言說論述得以確立合法性地位，並且於已被規範化的個體身上展現其權力效應（power-effect）。第一章論證愛爾蘭國族主義的論述展現如同傅柯理論中所探討的論述之規範化力量，控制並且充分利用小說的太陽神牛（“Oxen of the Sun”）該章中的產婦普里福伊太太（Mrs Purefoy）之馴服的身體，本章的討論說明，龐大論述的網絡中女性個體主體性的完全臣服且消匿無蹤。第二章藉由格蒂（Gerty）與二位奧蒙德飯店酒吧的女侍（Ormond barmaids）與論述言說的互動，討論個體主體性形成的過程所涉及到論述力量的影響，論述施加於此三位角色身上的既是個體化（individualization）的力量又同時發揮規範化的效果。第三章的討論落實傅柯對「真理」（truth）不證自明的真實性（truthfulness）的質疑和批判。莫莉（Molly）在小說最終章的獨語，表現出她面對論述力量宰制時足以獨立思考且批判的主體性，就此而言，喬伊斯對莫莉的處理合乎傅柯對個體獨立的主體性之期待。這樣的光譜式研究，目的並非在於塑造個體主體性的刻板典型（stereotype），而是將此一光譜視為個體主體性出現的種種可能性與可行的面貌。藉由喬伊斯小說與傅柯理論的對話，我期望《尤利西斯》中女性角色的主體性這道光譜，能夠於討論個體主體性之相關議題時，提供某種程度上可行的解決之道。 / The goal of my thesis is to argue that Joyce’s portrayal of the female characters in Ulysses fleshes out Foucault’s theoretical formulation of the interplay of discourse, power and knowledge, and individual subjectivity. Studying the appearances of the female citizens in 1904’s Dublin and how they are shaped into such appearances, I argue that Joyce’s characterization demonstrates Foucauldian distrust of the discursively elaborated truth (truthful knowledge) and anxiety about the encompassing exercise of power and discourse functioning in an individual’s sense of self and subjectivity. More importantly, Joyce envisions a spectrum of subjectivities in his delineation of these Irishwomen—the spectrum that expresses distinct degrees of subjectivities formed in different individuals in the face of various discursive practices incessantly entrenching and shaping their lives. In this spectrum, Joyce also prefigures the actualization of Foucauldian struggle for the coming about of a self-determined and autonomous subjectivity in an individual against the ubiquitous discursive dominations. Chapter One and Two focus on the normalization mechanism of discourse and the discursive power-effect achieved in the individual. In Chapter One, the discussion is to demonstrate how the discourse of Irish nationalism incorporates what Foucault theorizes about the normalizing technologies by means of which a specific discourse attains its discursive effect and exerts coercion upon the individual. The lying-in Mrs Purefoy in “Oxen of the Sun” represents the subjection and omni-disappearance of the individual’s subjectivity within the discursive network. Chapter Two stresses the simultaneously individualizing and normalizing forces of discursive power concerning the making of an individual subjectivity. With their interactive gestures and responses to discourses, Gerty and the two Ormond barmaids seem to have attained the individual identity of her own, whereas the presumable individuality of theirs is still enveloped in the process of normalization. Foucault’s critical attitude towards the “truthfulness” of the so-called truth and the neutrality of any seemingly truthful knowledge finds a counterpart in Molly’s soliloquy in “Penelope”—the finale of Ulysses. Discourse as a construct on which Foucault insists is incorporated in the interrogative attitude that Molly has towards the ostensibly neutral discursive statements. Molly’s actions and thoughts register her subversive and resistant gestures towards the imposing discursive practices. She would epitomize the possible actualization of the Foucauldian prospect of an autonomous and self-determined subjectivity taking form in the individual. From the omni-subjection of an individual to the individuality within normalization and to the coming forth of the individual’s subjectivity, my discussions of Mrs Purefoy, of Gerty and the two Ormond barmaids, and of Molly comprise a spectrum showing distinct power-effect demonstrated respectively in these women through discursive practice. My study does not intend to stereotype the result of discursive practice imposed upon these women by locating these female characters in such a spectrum of subjectivities. Rather, I see the spectrum as a multiplicity of subjectivities taking shape in distinct individuals confronted with discourse and power. In addition to sharing the similar insight with Foucault, Joyce rather has the vision, prior to Foucault’s theorizing, in which the Foucauldian anticipation of the liberation from the regime of discourse is made possible. The enormous pressure facing today’s people in the forming of subjectivity is definitely the normalizing power, the imposing discursive knowledge as truth, and the power-effect which shapes individuals’ life without being discerned. It is to be hoped that the correspondence between Joyce’s characterization and Foucault’s critical concerns could propose a practicable solution to the issue of individual subjectivity.

本文對台灣2010-2015.6期間的女性內衣電視廣告進行符號學研究，探討其中的符號與敘事規則，女性及其身體的符號意義、以及符號結構如何建構內衣的消費迷思。研究認為，廣告多元地講述了女性在男女關係、公共關係、朋友關係和個人關係中所體驗的情緒和情感，呈現較為豐富的女性角色和個性，很多文本亦表現出對傳統陰柔特質和男性權威的挑戰，藉由女性個人風格和獨立意識的展現，內衣廣告積極透過文本的搭建闡釋女性自主。研究文本將身體謀劃運作為自我認同的過程，女性因為身體資本而獲得肯定和賦權， 但同時也不斷重複著女體標準的階級化霸權，符號擇用透露了新舊結構的拉扯中，父權體制、資本主義商業邏輯與女性消費者進行著女性主體性的協商。內衣之為符號，被塑造成與外界發生關連的媒介（medium），同時是許多正面積極意義的載體（vehicle），內衣電視廣告繼續深化內衣的性感迷思、美麗迷思，還敘述了自信自主的迷思、自我意識的迷思，個性化迷思，滿足女性對主體性的想像，對生活夢想的期望。 / This is a semiological study of lingerie TV commercials in Taiwan from 2010 to June 2015, which explores the symbolic structure and narrative rules, symbolic significance of women and their bodies, and how lingerie myth constructs. Research suggests that ads show the various emotions and feelings females experiencing in different relationship, including male-female relationship, friendship, public relations and self-relation, while females appearing in relatively rich characters and personalities. Many ads present the challenge to traditional femininity and masculine authority. Though demonstrating the personal style and sense of independence, lingerie ads attempt to bulid a positive interpretation of female autonomy. Self-identity is shaped during practising one`s body plan, as a result, women get recognition and empowerment because of the physical capital in these ads. However, we can see the repetition of the body standard, which constructs hegemony of body. Overall, the research finds the wrestling between the old and the new social and cultural structure, in other words, a negotiation of expressing subjectivity among patriarchy, capitalist business and women customers in lingerie TVC. In terms of its symbolic value, lingerie is portrayed as a medium to connect females with the external world, and a vehicle carrying lots of positive implication. Furthermore, these ads deepen sexuality myth and beauty myth of lingerie, at the same time, add the myth of self confidence, independency and personality to it, meeting women's imagination of subjectivity and expectations for life.