Global ETD Search

1	Politikens omskakning : Negativitet, samexistens och frihet i Jan Patočkas tänkande Strandberg, Gustav January 2017 (has links) The present investigation analyses the political thought of the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka. It focuses on the question of how we are to understand political life: what are its distinguishing features and how we are to circumscribe it conceptually. According to Patočka the experience of politics is one characterized by a loss of meaning, a loss of a foundation or principle that could lend stability to our lives. It is an experience of a tremor by and through which the foundations of our experience are shaken. Philosophy’s political task is, however, not to provide any foundation for political life, but rather to address the question of why man is inclined to posit metaphysical foundations and why refuge in ideological principles is sought. Philosophy must instead engage with the groundlessness and negativity permeating human existence as such. In order to provide an analysis of human existence, and how this very groundlessness of existence is exposed in politics, Patočka calls for an “a-subjective phenomenology” that abandons the traditional notion of the subject and of subjectivity. An “a-subjective” phenomenological analysis is central for the present investigation. The author shows that it is only by and through Patočka’s a-subjective phenomenology that his political thought can be understood; out of his distinctive phenomenological analyses, the negativity, instability and groundlessness of human existence is brought to the fore. Politically, this negativity manifests itself in two phenomena, which, when taken together, constitute the very bedrock for politics: freedom and human coexistence. Human existence is neither stable nor self-sufficient. On the contrary, it is always already exposed to others, always already engaged in the self-transcending movement of its freedom. Freedom and coexistence are in this respect two interrelated expressions of the inherent negativity of human existence and two phenomena that, accordingly, occupy a privileged position in this study. The author seeks to show that it is by way of an in-depth analysis of freedom and coexistence that the question of politics can be addressed in the work of Patočka since they give testament to the trembling, unnerving, and disorienting nature of politics. / Loss of Grounds as Common Ground Phenomenology Politics Disorientation Groundlessness Coexistence Freedom Negativity Philosophy Filosofi
2	天台圓教與佛性思想之研究 / A Study of T'ien-t'ai Perfect Doctrine and its Buddha Nature Theory 許國華, Sheu, Gwo Hhwa Unknown Date (has links) 圓教是中國佛學獨有的概念，圓主要指圓滿和圓融二義，圓教即圓滿究竟、圓融無礙地總攝一切法的教法。對天台宗來說，這圓教是如何可能的呢﹖智者大師透過教相門與觀心門來講圓教，教相門就是以判教理論，分判、判定有佛一代的說法，何者為權，何者為實，而最後必以天台圓教為實。觀心門就是通過智者大師自心所行法門，點出一念三千的教說，由此一念心即具三千法以明圓教之義。　　另外，佛性是中土佛教思想的核心概念，主導著整個中國佛學的發展方向，然則在天台圓教浸潤下，會顯出何種形態的佛性理論﹖我們發現，在天台宗之思想中，佛性圓滿無盡地具足一切法，可以說和圓教義理是一致的，實則兩者之關係本來就密不可分。　　總之，天台圓教和佛性思想表顯著中國佛教哲學的高峰，亦充份地開顯了大乘佛教的精神，實為人類思想文化的一大寶庫。圓教佛性中道主體性即無住本 Perfect Doctrine Buddha Nature Middle Way Subjectivity Identity Groundlessness
3	Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery Hart, M J Alexandra January 2010 (has links) This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science. The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do. Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process. It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact. The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail. A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported. It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact. On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment. The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency. Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches. Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology. action Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Immune Deficiency Syndrome enaction social enaction social enactivism enactive psycho-phenomenological psychophenomenological vipassana groundlessness mind-body korper leib co-generative Focusing co-creative environment Antonio Damasio reciprocal constraints Pierre Vermersch Claire Petitmengin Antione Lutz narrative discourse phenomenal invariants Evan Thompson Merleau-Ponty Algirdis Julien Greimas Husserl first-person Fransisco Varela modelling invariants Natalie Depraz isotope John Boyd OODA loop Jonathan Shear Shaun Gallagher Arthur Kleinman Humberto Maturana second-person Alva Noe Dan Zahavi stages Embodied Mind Canterbury Wellington New Zealand non-dual non-reductive embodied phenomenological third-person graph-theoretical cluster analysis cognitive science experience solution subject-specific categories universal categories universal categories self energy illness process intersubjectivity Mahayana Buddhism contact narrative recovered making sense recursive loop perception dynamical decompensation neurology diagnosis empathy treatment management neurophenomenological neurophenomenology consciousness veracity agency multidimensional interdisciplinary category theory enculturation mathematisation of phenomenology interview nomenclature diagnostic criteria incidence prevalence coping strategy etiology epidemiology psychosomatic medicine meaning women girl female anthropology sociology cognitive behavioral therapy exercise therapy recovery mindful awareness suffering symbolisation Prasangika no-self aggregates wheel of karma cognition basic element analysis mental factors operational closure stereotypes enactive ontologically fragile self grief process-knowledge epoche phenomenal invariants textual invariants compound meaning saturation formalisation cluster analysis inter-session review inter-individual validation explicitation interview intricacy confidence psychophenomenology self-esteem sanction self dis-integration permanence continuity ego-self emotion surrender semiotic square meditation empathy semiotic compassion existential feelings goal obstruction movement transformation change somatic Giovanna Colombetti agoraphobia panic anxiety psychotherapy sleep rest pain weakness strength stamina Diego Cosmelli heaviness food chemicals allergy recovering despair frustration helplessness fear efference valence afference as-if-body-loop consciousness representation attention recovery intention sustainable sustainability neurasthenia existential feelings asthenia hysteria mononucleosis samatha-vispasnya prajna vijnana Eugene Gendlin Abhidharma dukkha shamatha interdependence vipashyana

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