大型政府機關或企業，由於服務範圍廣大，應用系統繁多，各系統間不時有資料共享的需求（如各系統須使用人資系統）。但對於這些共享資料的管理上，常常因缺乏有效的機制與流程，而一直有無法同步或同步上資訊不一致的困擾。本研究提供一套中央控管規格機制，以管理面和技術面雙管齊下來解決此問題。本研究認為統一資訊必需先從統一資料規格（Data Specification）做起，同時訂定單一資料的提供來源及多個資料使用對象。 本研究利用Web Service WDSL語言特性作為制訂資料規格的依據。WSDL本身即是可自我描述的一種資訊規格，並具有跨平台的特性，以利各使用不同程式語言開發之系統進行整合。本研究認為既然共享資訊是一種共用行為，理當有一資訊規格維護者負責制訂維護管理規格，同時定期召開共享資訊制訂會議討論共享資訊範圍，本研究所設計之系統藉由資訊規格維護者，訂定WSDL共享資訊規格，供資訊提供者實作，並經由發表給各系統開發單位使用。本研究已實作一個工具來產生WSDL。 本研究期藉由集中控管資料規格的共享服務方法，定義各系統開發者的角色與責任，以治理源頭的方式，讓系統整合或資料交換更為容易，開發時程可以縮短，節省系統開發成本，讓有意參與政府機關的廠商不會怯步，讓機關招商更為容易。 / For the wide range of services and diversified application systems in operation in large government agencies or businesses, information sharing among systems is becoming increasingly necessary (such as users’ personal data on different systems). When it comes to managing shared information, lacking an effective system and flow process makes synchronized operation or access to information a less successful task. The research in question brings up a centralized control specification as solution to the issue through sound management and technique. In the research, uniform information starts from uniform data specification. At the same time, a single data source is set together with a plurality of data destinations. In the research in question, information specification is made based on Web Service WDSL language characteristics. WSDL refers to a kind of self-descriptive information specification that is operational across different platforms for successful integration of systems developed in different program languages. In this research, it is believed, since information sharing is a common behavior; there must be an information specification guard responsible for the scheming, maintenance and management of the same. On the other hand, regular meetings on information sharing must be convened for discussion of the scope. In the system made available in this research, the information specification guard makes the WSDL information sharing specification for operation by information providers and use by the system developers once publicized.We also Implement a tool to generate WSDL. In this research, it is expected, through the centralized managament of the specifications for shared services, the system developers could have their roles and responsibilities properly defined. By means of sorting out the sources, system integration or data exchange could become much easier and development could become successful more rapidly as a way to reduce the cost involved in system development and eventually, allow those who are willing to bid in public projects come to participate without much concern. If so, bidding by private sector could be an easy task.

長久以來，電子化政府與公民信任之間的因果關係，一直為學者所爭論。眾多研究顯示電子化政府有助於促進公民信任感；然而，目前公民對現有電子化政府服務、電子參與滿意度偏低，且台灣社會資本逐步流失，不免令人質疑電子化政府建立公民信任感的有效性。然而，近年電子治理的提出，眾人期待實現審慎思辨的民主，顯現運用資訊通信科技讓更多公民參與決策過程的重要性。因而引起作者在電子治理對公民信任影響上研究的興趣。 本文認為電子化政府可以促進公民對政府的信任，但前提是這項機制必須值得信賴，否則將出現反效果。故作者從電子治理中的電子參與著手，探討其對公民信任的影響。主要研究方法為文獻回顧及深度訪談，其中訪談對象為十四位具我國電子參與經驗者，運用質性研究分析訪談資料，輔以文獻檢閱釐清電子參與與公民信任之間的影響路徑與因素包括三種類型：1.使用電子參與後，其正面影響因素提升公民對政府的信任感；2.使用電子參與後，其負面影響因素降低公民的內在政治效能感，進而削弱對政府的信任感；3.公民對政府的低度信任，降低使用電子參與的意願與行為。 訪談分析顯示公民對政府的信任和政府電子參與機制的信任感不足，且兩者相互影響。受訪者對政府的信任感比對政府網站和電子參與機制的信任感低，而電子參與經驗豐富者，較不信任電子參與機制；電子參與經驗淺者，較信任電子參與機制。若以電子參與的三種類型觀之，公民對電子資訊提供較為滿意、電子諮詢次之，雖然我國尚未設置電子決策制定，但是多數受訪者對此機制運作表示質疑。 我國電子參與仍在持續推動中，政府應該正視公民信任的重要性，以及電子參與與公民信任之間的負面影響因素，著重在：資訊的深度與多元性、資訊透明度、資訊品質、搜尋系統的設計完善、回應性、使用者的代表性、論壇引導話題、資訊安全與互動性的維護，並消弭數位落差、避免資訊超載等情況，以營造公民進行電子參與的環境與設備，使其有足夠誘因使用，期許我國電子參與推行順利。 / The casual relationship between e-government and citizen trust(in government) has been argued by scholars. Research has shown that e-government may improve citizen trust, but citizens are not satisfied with e-services and e-participation nowadays. When social capital in Taiwan is flowing away, people tend to suspect the effectiveness of e-government in establishing citizen trust. However, citizens still expect deliberative democracy while e-governance comes to reality recently. It means that the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can enrich the process of decision-making for citizen participation. That’s the reason why the author attempts to explore the effect of e-participation on citizen trust. The evidence support that e-government can improve citizen trust in government. The premise, nevertheless, is its mechanism has gained fundamental trust; otherwise, negative effects will come out. The main research methods include literature review and in-depth interview. There are 14 interviewees with experience of e-participation in Taiwan. In addition, the author used qualitative method to analyze interview data. Besides, using literature to induce three types of effects paths and causes between e-participation and citizen trust. Firstly, after using e-participation, its positive factors improve citizen trust in government. Secondly, after using e-participation, its negative factors lower internal efficacy of citizen and then weaken their trust in government. Thirdly, the low trust in government will weaken willingness and behavior of e-participation. Interview results indicate the lack of citizen trust in government and e-participation, and both also connect each other. Interviewees’ trust in government is lower than their trust in government web sites and e-participation. Citizens with rich experience of e-participation show lower trust in e-participation. On the other hand, those with poor experience of e-participation have more trust in e-participation. If we observe three types of e-participation, citizens are more satisfied with e-information than e-consultation. Although e-decision-making has not been realized in Taiwan, many interviewees suspect this mechanism. The governments in Taiwan keep pushing e-participation. They should know the importance of citizen trust and the negative factors between e-participation and citizen trust revealed in the study. Particularly, governments should focus on depth and diverse information, transparency, quality of information, friendly use of search engine, responsiveness, and representative. They should also properly manage topics of e-forum, information safety, interactivity; eliminate digital divide and avoid information overload. Government should strive for good environment and facilitate citizen usage of e-participation. Our e-participation will succeed while government has good inducement to encourage citizen.

「附隨義務」雖未明文見於我國民法典，惟已在民事契約法領域確立，其類型及內涵藉由漸增之法院裁判日益形成。是故，本文欲透過實務見解之彙整與分析，說明附隨義務之定義、法律效果及各類契約之附隨義務具體型態與內容。 　　本文將簡要介紹附隨義務之上位概念－誠信原則（詳第一章）與附隨義務基本理論及違反附隨義務之法律效果後（詳第二章），再分析近年來最高法院及相關聯判決中，買賣契約、委任契約或類似委任契約及承攬契約中所發展之附隨義務態樣，以及法院於案件裁判心證形成之要素（詳第三章至第五章），以期提供法律適用上之參考。

加盟實務運作上，常見加盟業主為勸誘民眾進入加盟體系，而違反資訊提供義務的情形，致生不少糾紛。有鑑於此，主管機關訂有「公平交易委員會對於加盟業主經營行為案件之處理原則」，要求加盟業主應揭露特定資訊予加盟者。惟此管理規範有其極限，違反效果難以直接連結至民事賠償責任。故個案救濟上，仍需回歸民事法領域觀察。本文即嘗試探究加盟業主各違反行為於判決實務之具體問題，以建構相關民事賠償責任。 觀察我國實務，會發現締約前後資訊提供義務實有同一化之傾向。例如多被認為屬契約上義務之加盟店地點評估，亦為締約前資訊提供義務內容。另參考日本法，也有見解認為財務性預測資訊，與加盟者後來支付的加盟金間具有對價關係。故針對民事賠償責任之建構，本文認為現行法下，應以民法第227條不完全給付，作為資訊提供義務的請求權基礎。本於此前提，針對加盟業主未提供資訊的違反態樣，應提供資訊範圍有以民法債各規範相繩之可能。又當加盟業主提供不實資訊時，判斷重點則應由加盟業主有無為保證業績行為，移至預測過程的誠實性。單純的預測偏差雖不致生損害賠償責任，但就財務性預測資訊的預測手法及適用過程等，應要求具有相當合理性，不應有預測數值經人為操作、對商圈的錯誤認識及恣意的數值設定等情況。同時，並將加盟者的經歷條件移至法律效果之與有過失階段考量。在責任成立階層無庸檢討其經歷條件。最後就損害賠償的範圍，再透過與有過失及損益相抵等手段調節。