縱觀我國資訊軟體產業發展至現在存在著規模偏小、資金不足、市場受限等問題。在這種情況之下，如何司法國際，合作或是策略聯盟來解決諸多問題。 本研究以國內資訊軟體產業發展為主要研究對象，期望探討我國資訊軟體產業的發展策略與方向。研究目標為探討我國資訊軟體產業的現階段現象、關鍵優勢及未來的發展利基。 首先透過全球重要國家的資訊軟體產業現況分析與競爭策略做分析，在分析後發現我國資訊軟體產業的發展要素可能會受到政府策略、人才培育計劃、市場需求三個要素所影響。之後本研究根據五大重要國家愛爾蘭、以色列、印度、南韓及大陸的發展模式進行分析推論，發現不同國家的資訊軟體策略與發展重點均不相同，並佐以IDC全球資料分析建構出三個重點，分別是我國軟體產業發展策略、資訊教育系統人才培育計劃、政府整體資訊政策。 希望由這些國家過去及現在的經驗中分析出對我國資訊軟體產業有幫助的方向。本研究希望能夠參考這些國家的經驗，將該國家的相關資訊基本資料及資訊軟體業現況做一分析及探討，並研究其資訊策略的形成運用現況及效果。 / In Taiwan, the software industry is facing problems like scalability, insufficient funding and restricted markets for the past years. To solve such problems, we need cooperation or strategic alley from global experiences. Our research is target at the software industry development in Taiwan. We hope to find out the development strategies and directions for the software industry. Our objectives are to analyze the current status of the software industry and to find out the critical advantages and inches for future development. We choose five countries well-known for their software industry as our analysis base. These countries are Ireland, Israel, India, South Korea and Mainland China. From their experiences, we find out three critical factors for the software industry including the government strategies, human resource incubation plans and market needs. Based on IDC global data and our analysis, we conclude that different countries have different software development strategies. Moreover, we recommend three key points for the software industry development in Taiwan. The three key points are software industry development strategy, information-related education and national wide software policy. In this research, we analyze some well-known countries for their past and current software experiences. We investigate their software industry polices and strategies. Then, we conclude some critical factors for the software industry in Taiwan. We hope that our conclusion points out some useful directions for the software industry in Taiwan.

資訊軟體產業為知識密集的產業，在台灣已發展了許多年。由於科技不斷創新以及市場激烈的競爭下，資訊軟體產業從早期為個別客戶量身訂作的系統專案開發，一直發展到今日以套裝軟體或中介軟體標準產品的銷售方式。因軟體產品具有功能習慣性，客戶一旦使用後就不會隨意更換。各資訊軟體廠商為了推廣各式各樣的軟體產品以搶攻市場，紛紛提出了各種激勵業務人員的激勵制度以擴大市場佔有率。從企業的角度來說，企業組織應以獲取最大合法利潤為主要目標。因此在其經營管理權限內，必然會以各類管理策略和激勵措施來提升員工之工作效率和品質，績效激勵與評估制度即屬最被廣泛實施之方法。本文研究之核心為：資訊軟體產業之激勵與評估制度有那些特性，評估制度是否公平，針對不同產品生命週期的銷售策略有何差異，以及不同的工作類型與不同職掌之員工對於不同的激勵與評估制度之效益反應。本研究將透過與從業人員深度訪談程序，收集資訊軟體產業內不同公司之各種績效激勵與評估制度加以分析比較。針對上述議題，深入研究各種不同的制度對業務人員的激勵效益與合理性。其研究成果，一方面可提供給資訊軟體廠商作為未來規劃制定績效激勵與評估制度的參考；另一方面，亦可作為員工評估公司獎勵制度合理運用模式的對照，讓各界瞭解其精神並加以應用。 / IT Software Industry is unique and knowledge-intensive industry in Taiwan. It have been developed with special functions to keep customer loyalty once used. Promotion with a wide range of programs in order to gain market share is the most important factor of success. But which is company really do last longer for success, and is the product life cycle impacted by effective sales incentive plan? This studied looks at which performance incentive program can best motivate employees. The incentive programs were studied by interviewed with different companies within IT software industry and try to understand the effectiveness of evaluation strategies vs. sales performance. The results supported my hypothesis by showing that the employees under attractive incentive plan performs with productivity increasing superiority. The results also showed that fairness evaluation strategies does improve sales performance by enlarging the coverage. In additional of the benefits, my research also provided some suggestions for employees who was hired by relative industry. I hope it can be more valuable when employees assess the system for understand and apply the spirit of incentive programs.

中小企業的特色是具有彈性、創新、以及快速的應變能力，台灣中小企業一路歷經了產業外移、亞洲金融風暴、網路泡沫、通貨緊縮與膨脹，直到近期的全球金融海嘯，許多企業依然屹立不搖。能夠在逆境中化危機為轉機的企業，皆能做正確的判斷，適時採取因應策略。中小企業雖然能夠迅速因應外界變化，但也因為受限於規模，很容易受到外界環境的影響。因此，即使規模不大、財務狀況不若大企業周全，也需要制定全面性的營運策略，健全公司體制。台灣的中小企業一向以國內市場為主，面對全球化市場的潮流，很難不在這股洪流之下被湮滅。如果能夠結合國際大廠，在對方的帶領之下，便能進軍國際，提升競爭力。這樣的策略，非常適合中小型資訊軟體產業，因此，本研究擬藉個案分析的方式，深度剖析國內一家中小型資訊軟體廠商個案A公司的現況，並探討該廠商參與一國際知名C硬體大廠的 B夥伴計畫。經過平衡計分卡以及SWOT的分析，本研究呈現國內一家中小型資訊軟體廠商的現況與優劣勢以及該廠商與國際知名硬體大廠之間的夥伴關係。此外，本研究也應用平衡計分卡的策略架構，為個案公司建議未來的經營策略。 關鍵字：中小企業、資訊軟體產業、平衡計分卡、SWOT、B夥伴計畫 / Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are characterized with adaptivity, creativity, and coping ability. SMEs in Taiwan have been through a lot of challenges since the economic bubble came to abrupt. After the financial tsunami hit the whole world, many SMEs were able to survive by adopting new business strategies. Although SMEs can react to the economic change instantly, they are easily affected by the environmental change of the whole world. The SMEs in Taiwan have been focused on local market for a long time. They need to expand their business to the international market. One way to accomplish is to collaborate with some well-known international companies. Using a single case study design, this research intended to investigate a small business company in Taiwan. Established in 1996, this company has devoted to image design, but restricted in local market. In order to understand the present situation of the company and its collaboration with a big international company, the assessment structure of the Balanced Scored (BSC) and the SWOT analysis were conducted. A business strategy using the BSC framework was recommended for the company. Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), software and information industry, Balanced Scorecard (BSC), SWOT, B plan

開放原始碼軟體(Open Source Software；OSS)或稱自由軟體(free software)近年來備受矚目，許多政府、企業、機構團體認為相較於專屬軟體(proprietary software)，開放原始碼軟體的成本低廉、安全性高，因而支持開放原始碼軟體，一些國際知名大廠也投入開發相關產品以支援開放原始碼軟體；然而，深入分析開放原始碼軟體與專屬軟體在價格、穩定性及功能性之優、缺點，可發現開放原始碼軟體未必如其支持者所稱較專屬軟體具有低成本、高技術性等之優點；至於市場佔有率方面，近十年來開放原始碼軟體雖在網頁瀏覽器(Brower)及行動設備作業系統的市占率呈現顯著成長，但在桌上型電腦、筆記型電腦、小筆電及伺服器的市場占有率則仍遠不及專屬軟體。 　　隨著開放原始碼軟體的興起，相關的問題及風險亦隨之產生。在商業模式方面，過去鼎力支持開放原始碼軟體，並且保證決不會以自家專利攻擊Linux社群及業者的IBM，如今也開始手持自家專利對付開放原始碼軟體業者，此一案例凸顯了開放原始碼軟體追求自由、開放分享的精神，與追求市占率及利潤為目標之企業經營環境，兩者間存在著本質上的衝突與矛盾。而為了降低使用開放原始碼軟體可能產生之風險，已有越來越多使用開放原始碼軟體的企業，改採混合碼（Mixed Source）的軟體策略，亦即在一項產品中，同時使用開放原始碼軟體和專屬軟體，儼然已成為國際趨勢；現今，已有超過50%的開放原始碼軟體供應商將開放原始碼軟體結合其內部專屬原始碼使用，有60%以上的開放原始碼軟體供應商已採用某些類型的商業授權方式，而一些原本非開放原始碼軟體的公司也開始利用開放原始碼來加強其市場競爭力。 　　在智慧財產權方面，部分開放原始碼軟體社群雖強烈反對以智慧財產權保護軟體，然此實與知識經濟時代下保護智慧財產權的發展趨勢背道而馳，因此，開放原始碼軟體不可避免的仍須面對智慧財產權管理及侵權訴訟等問題。然由於傳統開原碼軟體社群缺乏專業之法律或智慧財產管理人員，而技術或程式碼貢獻者又為數眾多，使得採用開放原始碼軟體在智慧財產權的管理、執行及訴訟風險上，面臨許多困難及挑戰。在開放原始碼軟體授權協議方面，開放原始碼軟體社群愈來愈強調使用者必須嚴格遵守授權協議之約定，且對於一些違反授權協議之使用者，已積極展開訴訟程序強制要求其遵守，因此，企業組織若要採用開放原始碼軟體，勢必需建立相關之風險管理和內部管理機制。 　　在歐洲、美洲及亞洲等世界各主要國家的軟體政策方面，過去雖有許多積極推動開放原始碼軟體計劃之媒體報導，然而，近幾年來，各國政府已較少採取獨厚開原碼的推廣政策，而大多數是以技術中立(Technical Neutral)或強調互通性的方式兼容並蓄的廣納各種不同的軟體授權模式，此也印證了混合碼的國際發展趨勢。至於我國的軟體發展政策，過去一直偏重在開放原始碼軟體的發展及補助上，然而執行的結果，不但市場現況與預期成果有相當大的落差，投入與產出顯不成比例，且由我國政府的自由軟體發展政策，亦可看出我國政府在資訊軟體產業發展政策上存在著將對開放原始碼的補助方案當作對整體資訊軟體產業的政策發展方向等等之混淆及迷思，此皆阻礙了我國資訊軟體產業之發展。 　　有鑑於此，本研究乃由策略大師麥可•波特(Michael E. Porter)所提出之國家競爭優勢鑽石體系（National Diamond）架構，分析我國在資訊軟體產業發展上的國家競爭力，並針對我國政府的資訊軟體產業發展政策，由組織領導、法令環境、創新商業模式、施政指標及匡正智庫角色等面向提出具體建議，期能對我國資訊軟體產業之發展有所貢獻及助益。 / Open Source Software (OSS) or Free Software has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Comparing with traditional proprietary software, many governments, enterprises and institutions seems to believe that OSS is more cost effective and more secure, and thus support OSS. Similarly, a number of global companies have also started to invest in the development of related products that support OSS. However, after some in-depth analysis of the advantages and shorcomings in pricing, stability and functionality between OSS and proprietary software, it could be found that OSS may not have such high advantages in cost and technical level as its supporters asserted. Regarding the market shares in the last ten years, OSS has gained significant growth in the markets of Web Browser and Mobile Devise OS, but its market shares in Desktop Computer, Notebook, Netbook and Server markets are still far hehind proprietary software. 　　 The increasing popularity of OSS has inevitably triggered relevant issues and risk. From business model perspectives, previously IBM has been a long term OSS supporter and also publicly announced that it will never attack Linux companies and communities with its own patents. However, IBM recently began leveraging its patent portfolio and sending patent infringement warning to an OSS company who may compete with IBM in the server market. This recent case is a good example to highlight the inherent conflict and contradictions between the pursuit of freedom and open sharing spirit in OSS and the pursuit of profit and market shares in enterprise business environment. In order to reduce or manage the potential risk that could be triggered by OSS, more and more companies who use OSS begin to adjust their software strategy by adopting Mixed Source strategy. It has also become a trend in the global ICT industry to adopt or combine both OSS and Commercial Software into one product. Nowadays, more than 50% of OSS vendors start to combine OSS with their internal proprietary source code, more than 60% of OSS vendors have adopted certain types of commercial software licensing model, and some of the original non-OSS companies are also starting to leverage OSS to improve their market competitiveness. 　　With respect to intellectual property rights (IPR), even though some OSS communities still strongly oppose to the concept of IPR protection, some recent cases clearly prove that this kind of ideology is contrary to the trend of further improving IPR protection in the era of knowledge-based economy. Consequently, OSS still inevitably needs to face IPR management, infringement risk and licensing terms enforcement issues. However, due to the lack of professional legal or IPR management personnels in traditional OSS community and OSS projects usually involve numerous technical or code contributors, adopting OSS in current business environment will face many difficulties and challenges in IPR management, IPR enforcement and litigation risk. Another issue lies in the enforcement of OSS licensing terms, recently some OSS communities began to increasingly emphasize that users must strictly comply with all the licensing terms or requirements of the OSS model, and subsequently began to actively pursue legal enforcement actions against those violators. Therefore, it is imperative for any enterprise organization to establish comprehensive risk management and internal control/audit mechanism if it wishes to adopt OSS model. 　　In the past there were lots of media reports that actively promote government sponsored OSS policies in Europe, Asia and other major countries. However, there were less and less OSS only policy in recent years, governments around the world began to take Technical Neutral position or focus on interoperability by adopting a variety of different software licensing models. This development also confirms the international trend of adopting Mixed Source model. As for the software industry development policy in Taiwan, previously it has been focus on OSS related development and subsidy programs only. However, from the execution results, not only there is a huge gap between current market status and the expected results, the return of investment (ROI) from all those government funding programs is also extremely low. Furthermore, from the OSS development policy announced by the government, it is quite clear that there are confusions and myths among related government agencies that our current OSS development or subsidy programs equal to our national information software industry development policy. All of the above issues have seriously hindered the development of information software industry in Taiwan. 　　Based on the above analysis, this study leverages the National Diamond model proposed by the famous compete strategy expert, Michael E. Porter, to analyse the competitive advantages of Taiwan's information software industry. The study further proposes specific recommendations focusing on the organizational leadership, legal environment, innovation of business models, policy index, and the accurate role of think tanks in our government's information software industry development policy. Hopefully there will be some value-added and contributions to the development of information software industy in Taiwan.