近年來雲端運算蓬勃發展，為資訊系統的建置與服務帶來巨大的改變，其中一個重要趨勢為軟體即服務，並透過多租戶共享資源達到降低成本的優勢。因此如何讓服務可以共享資源，又能兼顧各租戶的客製化需求，這將會是軟體即服務關鍵成功因素。 為了讓租戶客製化自己的綱要，在多租戶的相關研究中，發展出各種綱要映射技術，各適用不同的狀況，但在開發應用程式時候往往無法預估租戶適合使用何種綱要映射技術。本研究提出可以讓多租戶軟體框架具有綱要映射技術的可調性，應用程式開發時候毋需考慮使用何種綱要映射技術，等租用時候再依據應用程式及租戶的特性決定。本研究將以小量租戶效能最佳的Private Table Layout與適合用於大量租戶的Universal Table Layout為例，提出的可調性多租戶實體模式來建構具有可調性的多租戶軟體框架。此外本研究提出的軟體框架經過技術的封裝，開發者不需要了解多租戶的相關技術，就能完成多租戶應用程式的開發。 / Software as a service (SaaS) is an emerging service model of cloud computing. It’s central defining characteristic is the ability for clients to use a software application on a pay-as-you-go subscription basis. However, to be economically sustainable, a SaaS application must leverage resource sharing to a large degree by accommodating different clients of the application while making it appear to each that they have the application all to themselves. In other words, a SaaS application must be a multi-tenant application. An important multi-tenant research topic is the various kinds of schema mapping technology have been developed in order for our tenants to customize their schema. However, it is hard to determine tenants’ need for particular schema mapping technology in different circumstances. This thesis proposes an adaptable schema mapping technology for a multi-tenant application (MTA) framework. The application and tenants’ characteristics do not need to be considered while applications developers are developing their schema mapping technology. This approach will take examples from the Private Table Layout mapping and the Universal Table Layout mapping to illustrate the features of this adaptable multi-tenant software framework. Furthermore, this thesis argues that, with the approach packaged as a software framework, developers are able to complete the development of a multi-tenant application without full understanding of the underlying technologies.

隨著雲端運算的服務租用理念越來越受到重視，SaaS 服務供應商在提供服務的時候無不希望可以以最少的成本服務最多的客戶，於是吸引了許多的研究者投入精力以及時間，希望可以設計出讓租戶們共享資源又能夠有客製化空間的解決方案。服務供應商為了順利推廣多租戶軟體開發，其中一項關鍵技術是支援 SQL 語句自動轉換機制，目的是協助 SQL 語句轉換成以多租戶資料架構邏輯表達的 SQL 語句，讓租戶應用程式的軟體開發人員能夠專注在自身的應用程式開發。 開發 SQL 語句自動轉換機制，必須先選定資料庫的資料架構，本論文採用 Universal Table Layout 這個 SaaS 多租戶資料共享常見的資料架構。 我們參考知名 SaaS 廠商 Force.com 的 Universal Table Layout 資料架構，並提出一些修正。其次，我們應用關聯式代數抽象化來設計 SQL 語句的轉換規則，這些理論結果不僅在表達轉換機制上更具有一般性，並且讓轉換規則的理解也變得更加容易。我們以這些理論推導為基礎實現一個實驗的工具，最後透過幾個實驗，觀察及探討實驗數據所呈現的意義。

Kommunigate: 展示與銷售之可能方案 / The marketing automation tools that are primarily web-based are a rapidly growing sector today. The competition in web-based platform offering a presentation tool and a repository of marketing collaterals with analytics to track the sales performance is currently limited. Tapping into this opportunity, owners of ideakitchen, the parent company that is primarily a hybrid communication design and strategy firm based in India, is launching a new web-based product called Kommunigate to enable the sales process. Launching the new product, as part of an existing company will allow the startup to initiate its operations with several sunk costs that will reduce the initial investment required to launch the service. Synergies between the existing design and marketing strategy services and the new presentation and storing web application will allow each individual business to leverage costs and increase profits. The financial analysis, which includes the expansion plan, proves the project to be profitable and desirable under its assumptions, based on the initial investment scheme.

近年來，雲端運算中的軟體即服務(Software as Service，SaaS)穩健與快速地成長。SaaS服務提供者在建置服務的過程中，無不希望盡可能地讓租戶共享資源，避免租戶擁有特殊資源，需要獨立維護，以降低維護營運成本。另一方面，也要能讓租戶們擁有一定程度的客製化能力，以製做出屬於租戶私有之服務邏輯。因此如何讓租戶在共有一切資源的前提下，又能提供客製化能力，將是SaaS服務提供者的一大課題。本研究所提出的中介軟體框架將在共用硬體及資料庫與單一應用程式的共用架構下，採用Force.com Universal Table資料架構，並提供三大特色功能，Tenant Aware、Data Access以及Tenant Customizability，來解決隔離性、存取Force.com Universal Table資料架構以及提供租戶客製化能力三大議題。透過此中介軟體框架應可幫助SaaS提供者，建置出一個資源共享、租戶具有客製能力與維護性高的多租戶雲端軟體服務。 / In recent years, Software as a service (SaaS), the service model of cloud computing, has been growing healthy and rapidly. When SaaS providers build service, they want tenants to share same resources, and not to have its own special resource which will cause providers to maintain it separately. SaaS providers want tenants sharing the same resources to reduce maintenance cost. But the current trend is to provide the customizability to tenants for customizing its own service. How to share resources under the premise of providing customizability to tenants will be the main challenge to SaaS providers. In this thesis, we propose a middleware framework based on shared hardware、database with a single application instance. Our framework will use the Force.com Universal Table schema as the foundation. The key features of our framework are Tenant Aware、Data Access and Tenant Customizability. These features will address the issues of isolating tenants, accessing the Force.com Universal Table schema and providing customizability to tenants. This middleware framework will help SaaS providers to build a resource-sharing, customizable multi-tenant SaaS with lower maintenance cost.

企業電子化的概念在過去幾年已被大多數企業所接受，但對台灣佔多數的中小企業而言，因為系統開發非其核心競爭力且IT資源有限，如何尋求一個解決方案，能夠讓這些為數眾多的中小企業取得所需的資訊應用能力，是當前的一個重要課題。 服務導向架構概念的提出，提供了許多企業一個進行系統整合的解決方案。但我們不應僅從系統整合來看服務導向架構；反而應該從企業本身的策略來看這個解決方案，必須去思考企業要提出怎麼樣的服務或產品才能滿足消費者，再由這些服務或產品去思考應該如何去整合企業內部或外部的資源。 本研究將服務導向架構運用在產業交易金融之服務，從企業內部擴展到企業外部，並提出一個跨組織服務導向架構的整合平台，中小企業可透過企業服務總管充份並輕易的取得平台業者端服務庫上所提供的資訊服務，讓中小企業一方面可以專注於其本身的核心競爭力；另一方面又能取得企業電子化的優勢。而平台業者可運用其系統開發能力，服務為數眾多但對軟體開發能力較小的中小企業，以少量多銷的服務模式來提昇其獲利。 最後，本研究根據上述結論，對金融服務業者與企業提出相關建議，以及未來進一步研究之議題。 / Most enterprises adopt the concept of electronic business in the recent years. Since the system development is neither the competitiveness of core business nor the capacity for IT resources, seeking for a solution of on-demand IT application is a very important topic for most small-medium enterprises (SME). The emergence of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides a solution of system integration for many enterprises. However, we should not view the system integration only as the aspect of Service-Oriented Architecture. We should think that how enterprises offer better services or products in order to satisfy customer demands. Then, based on these services or products, we go further to think about the system integration of the internal and external resources for the enterprise. In sum, the solution of SOA should be based on the enterprise strategy. This research will apply SOA in the section of enterprise transaction and finance services. From the internal to external corporations, this research proposes an integrated platform of SOA “cross organization and business process management”. For small-medium enterprises, they could fully and easily utilize the IT services in the service warehouse from IT service providers. As a result, SME could concentrate on the competitiveness of core business. On the other hand, enterprise could obtain the advantage of electronic business. For IT service providers, they could make use of their capacity of system development to service many SME who have less ability of software development. Moreover, IT service providers could increase profit of the model for less production but more sales. In the end, this research will recommend some solutions for financial service providers and enterprises based on above mentioned conclusion, and also address further research topics in the future.