我國的農村社區發展由政策性的部門計畫，轉變為制度性的地域性計畫，所強調的是農村社區的在地治理，然而農村特性不同，夥伴關係運作成為在地治理的重要手段，農村社區夥伴關係及其運作將是農村社區能否永續發展的關鍵。本研究以社會資本理論觀點，進行不同農村社區的夥伴關係運作的分析，以及農村社區夥伴關係之運作與夥伴關係社會資本之結構面、關聯面與認知面間的關聯性。並在同時注重夥伴關係社會資本的過程與階段性結果的考量下，針對成熟型的外獅潭社區、學習型的象山社區及多重社區型的無米樂社區三個個案，以半結構式訪談及統計檢定方法，透過質的分析方法瞭解農村社區夥伴關係的運作過程，並在量的方面，以問卷調查與檢定，瞭解階段性過程社會資本的構成與變動。 本研究發現，農村社區因社區特性形成差異性的夥伴關係運作模式，也會因人的因素與制度的改變，導致個別社區不同程度的運作困難。夥伴關係運作愈好，夥伴關係社會資本平均值愈高，然社會資本權重平均權值高並不意味著夥伴關係運作會較好，因夥伴關係運作與夥伴關係社會資本構成只是一個過程及階段性結果的呈現，因此如只著重在社會資本構成之量的調查，而缺乏質的夥伴關係運作過程分析的對比，分析結果將很有可能產生偏誤。另研究也發現，農村社區不僅需要可發揮地方性知識從而在建立社區共識下，形成夥伴關係的在地治理發展模式，在夥伴關係運作過程中，也必須得助政府公部門與許多專業者的持續性專業協助，完成社區發展工作，印證整合型農村發展應注重超在地(extra local)的新內生性農村發展模式。本研究因此提出政府宜積極培育農村社區發展之專職專業經理人、農村社區治理須有積極的人力培力及適時的人力更新，但變動幅度不宜過大、整合性的農村社區發展需長期的逐步累積，不宜遽變式的制度嵌入、農村社區夥伴關係運作透過機制移植雖可加快推動速度，但仍需給予調適期與因地制宜等農村治理等建議。 / The development of rural communities in Taiwan has transferred from sectoral plan approach to place-base approach which emphasizes local governance. The operation of partnership in rural governance is the important method in rural community due to the diversity of rural community types. The partnerships of rural community and its operation will be the key to the continuously development of the rural communities. Based upon the social capital theory, this study investigates the operation of partnership on three different kind rural communities. Semi-structure in-depth interview and statistical test approaches are used to understand the process of rural partnership and the change of social capital in the three rural communities. The investigation focus on the process of rural partnership by in-depth interview approach and the relation on the three dimension of social capital by statistical test so as to understand the change of both quality and quantity of social capital of partnership in the study cases. This study found that the mode of partnership operation is different and results in various difficulties due to the different characteristics of the community, human factors and institutional change. The average weight value of social capital is higher when the operation of partnership is better. However, the higher weight value of social capital doesn’t totally mean that the rural community has a better partnership operation because the weight can only represent a process or the result of the operation of partnership in a certain period. Therefore, there could be exist bias if the analysis focus only on quantity investigation without a contrast from quality analysis of partnership operation. In addition, this study also found that rural community needs instant assistance from government and specialist in the partnership process as well as they need to elaborate local governance within the community’s common vision. The important point to notice is that the comprehensive rural development should adopt ‘extra local’ specialty of new endogenous model .Furthermore, this paper also provides promising suggestions such as full-time position of professional manager , new rural human resources and a long-term vision for the future rural development in Taiwan.

本研究之主要目的在探討台灣經濟社會發展過程中，所引發之農村居住問題，分析其 形成之原因並提出解決途徑，俾供今後建設農村之參考。全文共分五章，其主要內容 如下： 第一章結論：說明研究之緣起、目的、方法及範圍。 第二章農村生活變遷趨勢與居住型態之改變：論述農村社會、經濟結構改變後，居民 對居住之需求與滿意水準所發生的變化。 第三章當前之農村居住問題：以屏東縣新園鄉港乾村為研究個案，分析農村居住現況 與居住需求間脫節的情形。 第四章解決居住問題之對策：兼顧個別農宅及整體社區之發展，描繪出理想的農村發 展形象。 第五章結論與建議。

政府自民國七十六年起，即以土地重劃方式試辦農村社區土地重劃，且陸續針對農村社區相關民生公共建設制訂相關法規，於民國八十九年公佈實施【農村社區土地重劃條例】，使農村辦理整體建設配合地籍重整及交換分合有法源的依據。不過，農村社區土地重劃業務實施至民國九十六年底，已進行農村社區土地重劃建設之社區僅有四十八個，所佔比例甚低，且農村社區土地重劃實施之內容，僅偏重在公共設施之硬體建設，以應居住生活之需，然其與農地重劃之配合，及其對生態環境之維護卻顯得十分不足，理當進一步檢討與改進。再者，放眼國際，知悉國外農村土地重劃制度之演化值得我國省思，尤其是德國之農村土地重劃實施百年之經驗別具特色，該國不僅著眼在調整坵塊型態及耕地結構等方面，同時也配合農村發展策略與自然景觀維護，以發揮農村地區生態與景觀維護之功能。由此知悉現代化土地重劃已不再僅是改善農業生產結構之手段，而是被視為一種多目標的農村發展工具。 因此，本研究主要運用文獻分析法、案例研究法及深度訪談法，對欲擬列探討之課題作深入的研究。收集國內外農村社區土地重劃相關文獻，包括：農村規劃的理論和方法，及相關法律規定與案例等，從中探悉如德國等先進國家藉由推動農村土地重劃以促進農村發展的經驗；另針對目前台灣農村社區土地重劃的功能及實施過程所遭遇之問題等項目加以探討，並透過深度訪談之方式，以瞭解地方居民的想法與意見，並觀察重劃後之發展是否達到其原先設定規劃之目標與效益，再藉由德國實施農村土地重劃之規劃原則，加以檢討我國重劃制度之方向與問題，最後研提未來的改進方案，以供有關當局之參酌。 / The government has been trying to readjust the rural community by land consolidation, and formulate relevant laws and regulations one after another on public construction, which is related to people's livelihood of the rural community. In the 89th year, the government published the “Regulations on Land consolidation in Rural Communities”, serving as the source of law in the steady implementation of the cooperation between the overall construction and the re-construction of rural communities, as well as the exchange of cadastral division. However, in the end of the 96th year of R.O.C., the implementation of re-zoning the land of rural communities has only covered 48 communities, which have been readjusted and re-constructed. The proportion is very low. What’s more, as to the content of the implementation, it focused on hardware construction of public facilities to meet the needs of living. Speaking of its relationship between agriculture and land consolidation and its impact on the maintenance of the ecological environment, it is insufficient. We should further review and improve it. Furthermore, if we look into the international situation, we will figure out the evolution of foreign systems of rural land consolidation. Especially in Germany's rural land consolidation, the experience of implementing the consolidation of the rural land for a hundred years is unique. It focuses not only on Hill block patterns and adjusting the structure of arable land aspects, but also on trying to be in line with the rural development strategy and the maintenance of the natural landscape, so as to play the ecological function and the function of landscape maintenance in rural areas. From this, it is known that the modernization of land consolidation is no longer a means which is only to improve the structure of agricultural production, but seen as a rural development instrument with plural goals. Accordingly, the present study will makes use of literature analysis, case studies and depth interviews so as to make an in-depth research on those tasks which are planned to be discussed. The collection of relevant literature on domestic and rural community land consolidation includes: theories and methods on rural planning and relevant legal provisions and precedents, from which we can try to pry into the experience of promoting the development of rural areas by initiating the consolidation of rural land provided by developed countries like Germany. Moreover, after dabbling into the present functions of the land consolidation in rural communities of Taiwan and the problems encountered in the implementation process, we should also try to understand the ideas and views of local residents through the way of depth interviews and observe if the original goal and benefits are attained after the readjusted. Still, we should check the direction and problems of our consolidation systems by comparing with the regulations and principles adopted by Germany when it carried out the implementation of land consolidation and finally make a proposal for programs of future improvement for the light of relevant authorities.