日治時期由於殖民者將資本主義與現代化的建設引進，使得臺灣的城市空間有了大幅度的改變。至三Ｏ年代仿歐建築的都市樣貌大致底定，當時筆直的街道充斥著洋樓、商店及自動車，公共空間如公園、音樂台、劇場、運動場等的開放，以及四通八達的交通建設，均帶給民眾不同以往的體驗。同時期，女性因現代性政策的執行（如放足及接受教育等），擺脫了傳統的規範與束縛得以進入公共領域，並從中獲取「行」及「知」的權利，此時，女性除自身主體價值觀念的轉變外，都市規模的興起與速度時代的到來，都讓整個城市空間運用的概念與距離不同以往，當然也衝擊著女性的身體經驗。而三Ｏ年代的白話通俗小說對於當時城市景觀的書寫常能見到異於傳統的刻畫，從溫泉、公園、動物園到咖啡廳、電影院及百貨公司等都市場景，這些日常生活中的約會地點往往結合了都市男女的愛戀經驗，其中更有了擴展時代女性活動範圍的可能。及至戰爭爆發後，為配合動員政策，臺灣女性至戰地支援，於空間的移動上有了更大的躍進，而小說中對於女性身體移動至戰爭前線並化身為報效國家的志願士或看護婦的情節亦有諸多的描述。本文即就三Ｏ、四Ｏ年代白話通俗小說中女性活動空間擴展的線軸，從最原始的家屋出發，至城市的休閒去處、工作場域，乃至異國戰地，由近而遠、由小至大，談女性主體自我實踐的歷程與可能性，並從女性空間開展的過程中分析其中所帶來的多元樣貌。

本論文的研究論題，主要探討日治臺灣漢文通俗小說，如何在東／西文化的交互影響下生成；以及由東亞、西洋文學的脈絡出發，探究它對雙方小說的接受、移植與再造。就研究時間而言，本文論述範疇集中於日治時期（1895-1945）；就研究對象而言，主要是以刊載於各份報紙上的漢文通俗小說為文本分析對象，探究其敍事組成、文體變化與內容思想。外緣資料則考察此時期流動於東亞各地與臺灣間的小說書籍為重點，析論日治臺灣圖書文化如何與東亞脈絡相接軌，兩者相輔相成，以勾勒日治臺灣漢文通俗市場的面貌。 立基於上述議題，本論文由漢文通俗小說如何對東亞小說與西洋小說進行「接受」、「移植」與「再造」等各項觀點出發，考察日治臺灣漢文通俗小說生成的原由，探討日治臺灣漢文通俗小說如何在跨領域、跨文化的思考模式下，擁有匯聚各方文化的特點，並追問臺灣文人在對中國、日本或西洋翻譯小說閱讀後，如何將之透過傳抄、模擬的方法，再造為臺灣漢文通俗小說的形式與內容，最後傳達給日治臺灣讀者閱讀，日治臺灣閱讀者因此能從中接受到東、西文化交錯下多層次的閱讀體驗。 在內容、章節架構安排上，本論文由日治臺灣漢文通俗小說敍事手法和文體變化的討論為起點，以文本精讀的方式，分章論述小說敍事背景、敍事模式和敍事角度等問題。文體變化方面則探討漢文通俗小說由文言到白話的歷時性變化，以及文體分類的共時性問題。其次，論述中國、日本兩地小說書籍如何代銷和傳播進入日治時期的臺灣，此圖書傳播／接受的現象，將可作為東亞脈絡下臺灣與各地圖書往來互動的例證。最後，分別論述中國演義傳統、日本講談文化和西方翻譯小說在日治臺灣漢文通俗小說中的承衍、紮根和譯介過程，並研析其所表現出如「桃花源」意涵、忠孝精神的宣揚、復仇觀的建立，以及與西方啓蒙精神、政治隱寓和奇幻特點的交互融合。經由上述各項議題的研究，日治臺灣漢文通俗小說跨界容納多元文化，以成就己身繁盛面貌的特點，將被本論文所彰顯，而同時，日治臺灣通俗小說的研究價值也將更被學界所肯定。 / This research aims at the creation of Taiwanese popular fiction during the Japanese colonial period. The literary works were produced in the interaction with Eastern and Western cultures. Therefore, this research elaborates on the permeation, transplantation and reformation in the context of different cultures. In the time scale, it focus on the Japanese colonial period（1895-1945）In the main material, it emphasizes on the popular fiction published in the newspapers, and pays close attention on its narrative, genre and content. Besides, I also consider the catalogue of fiction prevailed over Eastern Asia, seeing how Taiwanese culture associated with Eastern world. In this way, we can have a better understanding of Taiwanese book market in Japanese colonial period. This thesis begins with the ideas of permeation, transplantation and reformation. It is my conviction that Taiwanese popular fiction possesses the characteristics of various cultures. When Taiwanese literati read the fiction translated from Chinese, Japan and Western world, we can notice that they are influenced and stimulated by this reading experiences, and create the new form and content as Taiwanese popular fiction. In the meantime, the reader live in the Japanese colonial period can experience styles combined with Eastern and Western cultures. In the structure of this thesis, I start with the discussion of narrative and genre. I take the close reading as the main strategy to discuss the narrative background, mode, angle and so on. In the transformation of the genre, it not only elaborates on the diachronic change from Classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, but also researches on the synchrony existed in genre. Secondly, it demonstrates the situation that various books from Chinese and Japan was sold and transported into colonial Taiwan. This special transportation can be considered as a good example of the interaction between Taiwan and Eastern Asia. Finally, it illustrates the process of inheritance, reinforcement and translation of the Chinese novel tradition, Japanese Kōdan culture and the Western fiction, such as the metaphor as the “Utopia”, the spirit of loyalty and piety, the concept of revenge, and the integration of political metaphor and fantasy. After this research, it manifests the truth that Taiwanese popular fiction possesses the great importance in history.

子弟書係清代北方俗曲之一種。此種曲藝，盛行於乾、嘉、道三代，至光、宣時始趨沒落。因其詞婉韻雅，故在當代藝壇上之地位極高。繆東霖陪京雜述曾推之為當時說書人之最上者，滿族人士，並尊之為「大道」，可見時人對此種曲藝敬愛之一斑。考其所以被稱為「子弟書」之原因，藝由其始創者、作者、演唱者、聽眾、皆以八旗子弟為主，且其演唱之儀式規矩，亦與其他曲藝不同。 此種曲藝之體製，實淵源於鼓詞，但無說白，至其唱詞，雖仍以七言為主，然可隨意增加襯字。 至其故事題材之來源，則以取材於我國明清兩代通俗小說及元明清三代傳寄與當時北京流行之散齣或京劇故事最多，然以描寫當時北京社會生活及風士人情為題材者，亦為數不少。子弟書之樂調，分為東調與西調兩種。東調又名東城調、東韻，音節如高腔。西調又名西城調，西韻，音節如崑曲。東調之詞，沈雄闊大，慷慨激昂，而西調之詞，類為才子佳人，紅情綠意之作。才子佳人，紅情綠意之作。 篇及結尾曲文，可考出作者之別號或書齋名者約有百餘種，其中較名者有羅松窗、韓小窗、鶴侶氏、芸窗四人。羅松窗、韓小窗二人係職業子弟書藝人，作品以取材於我國著名之小說或戲曲故事中，其情節關目之足動人者為主；鶴侶氏、芸窗二人則係業餘作家，其寫作子弟書旨在陶情自娛，故多取材於身邊瑣事，或借題抒懷。總觀此四人中，自以韓小窗在當時之地位最高，藝術成就亦最大，逛護國寺子弟書，曾稱之為「編書的開山大法師」，讚其作品「得三昧」。蓋韓氏乃東調代表作家，所作無不精妙，故流傳亦最為廣遠，且每被其他曲藝所改編演唱，故其地位，實遠超於同時各家之上。 子弟書影響清代其他曲藝甚大，當時如大鼓書、快書、石派書，甚至馬頭調、牌子曲等曲藝，其部份優秀之作品，亦多據子弟書名篇改篇而成。推其他曲藝之興起，輒促使子弟書趨於沒落。加以後期子弟書藝壇，自韓小窗故後，即後繼無人，復以唱腔千篇一律，作品乏善可陳，終於一蹶不振，從此失傳。 本文分為上下兩編，上編子弟書之題材來源，分為六章： 第一章取材於通俗小說之子弟書（上） 第二章取材於通俗小說之子弟書（下） 第三章取材於戲曲之子弟書（上） 第四章取材於戲曲之子弟書（下） 第五章取材於當時社會生活及風士人情之子弟書 第六章取材於吉慶及通俗故事或其他故事之子弟書 下編綜合研究，分為七章，各章之綱要如下： 第一章子弟書之名稱由來及其淵源考，敘述子弟書之名稱由來及有關子弟藝人演唱時 之儀式規矩，子弟書淵源於鼓詞之痕□及其體製與鼓詞之異同。 第二、三章子弟書之作家及其作品（上）（下）。 第四章子弟書之演變。 第五章子弟書之影響及其沒落。 第六章論「滿漢兼」及「鑲嵌」兩類子弟書。 第七章論近人所編之子弟書目錄。

本篇論文試圖闡釋美國通俗羅曼史中男性主角的角色特質，及其自一九七二年至二○○○年間所產生的變化。 對通俗羅曼史中的女主角而言，男主角同時扮演著救贖者和迫害者的雙重角色。故事中，男主角自困境中拯救女主角，也是造成女主角各種不安的元兇。男主角的雙重性一方面增加通俗羅曼史的故事性，一方面也反映女性讀者在日常生活中所遭遇的類同困惑。論文由凱瑟林•渥迪威斯的《意外的情人》及露絲瑪麗•羅傑斯的《狂野的愛》兩部一九七○年代的重要作品開始進行討論，試圖勾勒出本文類中男性主角所擁有的概略角色形象。 男主角的陽剛特質通常藉由各種力量的展示表現；這些力量包括經濟、社會及身體等各種層面，並對女主角形成強大的吸引力。陽剛男主角代表著故事最後女主角終將獲得的獎賞，而透過對於陽剛特質的著墨，通俗羅曼史中關於女性力量至上的幻想方能得以達成。然而當男性身體的力量過度被著墨，對於陽剛特質的描述則將陷入暴力或力量的混淆，通俗羅曼史中的強暴情節也則因此產生。 隨著通俗羅曼史的演進，故事中男主角的社會地位不再高不可攀，和女主角的互動也顯得較不強勢。在一九九○年代之後出版的故事中，男主角較少扮演指導者或權威的角色。拯救者和被拯救者角色地位的互換，讓兩名主角取得更加平衡的關係。通俗羅曼史的故事焦點由女主角身上擴展為男女主角雙方的故事，男性主角的角色塑造更加受到重視，而其陽剛特質的詮釋方式也更為多樣化。 / This thesis aims to articulate the role of the masculine hero in American popular romances and the change of their roles throughout the three decades from1972 to 2000. The hero performs as the savior and the villain for the heroine in popular romances. He is the savior to rescue her from the troubles and his villainy can be threatening to her in the story. The duality of the hero dramatizes the romantic narrative and reflects certain everyday situations that trouble female audience. The discussion begins with two important works of the 1970s, Kathleen E. Woodiwiss’s The Flame and the Flower and Rosemary Rosemary Rogers’s Sweet, Savage Love to demonstrate a general picture of the hero’s role in the narrative. The masculinity of the hero usually expressed in the form of display of strength. The strength can be economic, social and physical, and appears all but desirable for the heroine to obtain. The masculine hero is the final prize for the heroine so that the empowerment to women as the fantasy provided by popular romances is then achieved through the elaboration on masculinity. However, when the strength displayed in the physical form is overemphasized, the descriptions on masculinity fall into the confusions between violence and strength. The rape incident in popular romances is a product of such confusions. When popular romances evolve, the social position of the hero declines in the story and he becomes less predominant in the interaction with the heroine. He becomes less an instructor or an authoritative figure in the novels of the 1990s. The reverse roles between the rescuer and the rescued lead to a more balanced relationship between two protagonists. The story of popular romances changes its focus from the concentration on the heroine to a story of the heroine and the hero. The characterization of the hero is then more emphasized, and the expression of the masculinity of the hero becomes more variable.

本文旨在掘發《三六九小報》(以下簡稱《小報》)中「通俗小說」之女性造型的書寫及相關敘事模式，並廓清三O年代《小報》創作社群觀看女性的文化視域；且進一步與日治時期其他小說文本並列比較，從而顯豁《小報》通俗小說中的「女性」圖像意義，全文共計五章，簡述如下： 第一章緒論。本章為全文論述框架之簡述，第一節中說明研究動機，第二節進行研究現況之檢討，第三節在分析相關先行研究之基礎下，思考本文可能之論述發展，並指出本文研究範圍，及援用之研究方法。 第二章「女性」造型——《小報》通俗小說中「女性形象」的書寫與敘事。本章根據通俗小說類型的歸納、整理，分析《小報》通俗小說的「程式化」現象；第一節「小說敘事模式」，指出通俗小說中的程式化情節，傳達大量重複的訊息，反映通俗創作社群取材的興味；而作者聲音對文本故事干預程度的強弱，則可由作者／敘事者的相對關係進行觀察；再者，《小報》多以旁觀者的視角，取用全知敘事或限制敘事的敘事觀點，也開展了不同的敘事風格。第二節「女性造型書寫」，由命名意義、身體描摹、形象設計及意象隱喻等角度，對《小報》小說中女性形象的塑造，作形式上的探求。 第三章書寫女性的文化視域。文本中女性被書寫的文化意涵，呈顯出性別、文化的關係；第一節「父權體制的壓迫」，說明傳統價值觀影響所及，男尊女卑，女性地位低落，一方面面臨被「物化」的命運，一方面受到「婦德」的規範，從而建構了錯誤的自我認知；第二節「對社會的控訴」，挾帶資本主義而來的殖民社會，女性面對生活的窘迫，其處境的艱難、命運的悲慘，是社會中多重壓迫的犧牲者；第三節「婚戀問題的省思」，在新／舊文化的衝激下，受教育新女性／童養媳，大多在自由戀愛中失敗、在傳統婚姻中不幸，顯見《小報》創作社群處於文化過渡時期，對於傳統婚戀與新式婚戀，均懷隱憂、質疑與不安。 第四章「女性」圖像的書寫策略差異——《小報》與其他通俗小說中「女性」敘事的比較。經過第二、三章小說文本的討論，已為《小報》小說中女性形象定調，本章則據此展開與其同時或前後的文言、白話通俗小說作品之比較研究；第一節「與《小報》之前文言通俗小說作品的比較」，與李逸濤發表於《漢文臺灣日日新報》（1905-1911），以淺近文言文寫成的46篇通俗小說作品，進行對話；第二節「與《小報》同時或其後白話通俗小說作品的比較」的討論參照系前衛出版社所發行《臺灣大眾文學系列》，以及四O年代的《風月報》、《南方》中的白話長篇通俗小說。藉此掌握《小報》書寫載體文言、白話兼有，作品的選材、小說敘事者聲音的不盡相同的現象，並突顯出風味各異的書寫策略取向。 第五章結論。總結前文，指出本文研究的要點及其意義，最終呈顯出《小報》乃置於一個通俗小說創作的過渡期，在文言與白話通俗小說發展史上，別具遞變、糾葛的交混面貌；且在三O年代特殊的現代化情境中，《小報》通俗小說的文學敘事與文化視域，有著鮮明的文化氛圍及歷史語境，而其所建構的饒富時代意義的女性圖像，更具耐人玩味的性別視野。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the written description of female appearance and related narrative mode in “popular fictions” of 369 Tabloid, and to figure out the cultural vision of the writers of 369 Tabloid toward females in the 1930s; moreover, there were comparisons between 369 Tabloid and other novels during the Japanese-ruled period to show forth the significance of “female” images of popular fictions in 369 Tabloid. There are five chapters in this thesis, and the brief previews are as follows: Chapter one is the introduction part. This chapter showed the frame of this study. The first section provided the motivation of this study, the second section contained the aspects of problem already studied by other researchers, and the third section presented the need for more investigation based on the previous research, pointing out the realm of this study as well as the research method being used. Chapter two was titled “female” appearance—the description and narration of “female images” in popular fictions of 369 Tabloid. According to the collection of different types of popular fictions, this chapter displayed the phenomenon of the fixed patterns in popular fictions of 369 Tabloid; the first section, “Narrative mode of fictions”, indicated that the phenomenon of the fixed patterns in popular fictions showed a great number of repetitive messages, reflecting an interesting angle in choosing the material among common writers; and the intensity of interference from the writer’s viewpoint to the story could be observed through the relative position of the writer/narrator; furthermore, 369 Tabloid was mostly written through the view of an onlooker, employing the narrative technique of 全知敘事 or 限制敘事，and thus developed a totally different narrative style. The second section, “Description of female appearance”, explored the formation of female image in the fictions of 369 Tabloid according to the meaning of the characters’ names, description of their body, image design, imagery metaphor and so on. Chapter three was about the female status in culture. In light of the way women were presented in the text, we could see the relationship between gender and culture; the first section “Oppression from the fatherhood system”, illustrated that due to traditional values, the concept that male was better than female, and female had a lower status than male had on the one hand made female face the destiny of being materialized and on the other made them construct a false self-recognition because of being confined by “female virtues”; the second section, “The accusation toward society”, showed that living in a colonial society which advocated capitalism, women faced difficulties in life, and the difficult situations and miserable destiny surrounding them let them become victims of multiple oppression; the third section, “Reflection on marriage and love”, pointed out that under the impact of new/old culture, new women with education/ child bride, had mostly failed in free love or been distressful in traditional marriage, and these all revealed that writers of 369 Tabloid were in a transitional stage—they felt worried, suspicious, and uneasy whether in traditional love and marriage or new love and marriage. Chapter four consisted of different writing strategies used in displaying “female” images—the comparison between 369 Tabloid and other popular fictions. In chapter two and three, the discussion about the text itself had already made the female images of the fictions in 369 Tabloid clear, and to go a step further, this chapter included the comparison between 369 Tabloid and other classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese popular fictions, no matter at the same period or other times; in the first section, “The comparison between 369 Tabloid and previous classical Chinese popular fictions”, the compared target were 46 popular fictions written in simple classical Chinese and published in 漢文台灣日日新報 by 李逸濤(1905-1911); in the second section, “The comparison between 369 Tabloid and contemporary or later vernacular Chinese popular fictions”, the compared target were台灣大眾文學系列published by 前衛publisher, and the vernacular Chinese popular fictions in Feng-yue-bao and Nan-fang in the 1940s. After these research, the results that there were both classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese used in 369 Tabloid, and that various materials as well as narrator voices were employed in it were shown. This also revealed that different writing strategies were used in different popular fictions. Chapter five is the conclusion part. This chapter summarized the previous chapters, pointing out the gist and significance of this study, finally showing that 369 Tabloid is at the transitional stage of popular fictions; that is, we can see the changing, entangled, and blended phase in the developmental history of classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese popular fictions in 369 Tabloid; besides, under the special modernized condition in the 1930s, the literary narrative and cultural vision in 369 Tabloid made it distinctive in its cultural atmosphere and historical background. And the female images it had constructed during that time had provided us with an interesting view toward the gender issue.