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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣上市公司外匯換算風險與經濟風險之衡量及分析

林榮慶, Lin, Jung - Ching Unknown Date (has links)
海外投資與全球佈局是當前企業型態轉型的趨勢方向,其目標是分散營運風險與降低成本,以提升市場上的競爭優勢,使公司營運能穩定向上成長。但伴隨而來的是匯率變動造成公司價值變化的風險,因此企業在衡量外匯風險的程度以進行避險的策略上已成為重要的課題之一。本研究以1994~2003年為樣本期間,台灣上市公司符合研究條件的54家公司為研究對象,並以公司財務報表上的資料來衡量換算風險和經濟風險,再利用其衡量指標探討對公司價值的影響以及找出決定經濟風險程度的主要因素,其實證的結果如下: 一、大部分公司如果錯估了本身的外匯風險暴露,而只對其顯而易見的匯兌淨利進行避險,忽略了潛在的換算風險與經濟風險,此可能導致公司在外匯上的風險程度提高。 二、整體的市場狀況來看,換算風險與經濟風險衡量指標對於解釋股價報酬率在當期而言都是不顯著的,而只有少數產業其指標在當期為顯著;以經濟風險佔營業收入淨額的比率解釋股價報酬率在大部分的產業中皆有遞延一期或二期的顯著效果,這說明投資人以此評估公司價值時可能會有訂價錯誤的現象,也說明了台灣股市在匯率變動的影響上反應效率不佳。 三、在經濟風險程度的決定因素方面,國外子公司淨營收比率和現金流量比率對公司經濟風險程度有顯著的影響,而其係數皆為正,在影響的方向為當國外子公司淨營收比率和現金流量比率越高的公司,其經濟風險程度越高;然而,國外子公司資產總額和總風險則均不顯著。
2

研發投入與產出對於企業經營績效之遞延效果-以我國電子業上市上櫃公司為例

吳佳瑋, Wu, Jia-Wei Unknown Date (has links)
對於從事創新績效相關研究的學者來說,在進行實證分析時,皆必須考量研發活動對於經營績效的影響並不僅止於當期,且存在著遞延效果;相同地,對於實務界的投資者來說,也必須考量各企業所進行的研發活動對其經營績效的遞延效果。過去學者將研發活動依流程分為投入與產出兩個構面,其中,研發產出又可再細分為數量與品質二部分,因此,本研究將就我國電子業上市上櫃公司,分別探討研發投入、產出數量與品質對於企業經營績效的遞延效果。 研究結果發現,研發投入之效益於未來第三年實現。研發產出數量對於經營績效並未呈現顯著的相關;而研發產出品質對於當年的企業經營績效即產生效益,且此效益及於未來二年。本研究推論,研發產出的數量雖能反映企業研發投入的成果,但唯有能夠高品質的產出,才能有效提升企業的經營績效。 / For scholars engaged in innovation performance research, they must consider that the impact of R&D activities on financial performance often has a time-lag effect; so do the investors in the capital market. In the past, researchers divided R&D activities into two aspects by means of the procedure, including R&D input and R&D output. The latter also includes the quantity and the quality of R&D output. Therefore, this thesis uses Taiwan’s electronics industry as a research sample and examines the lag-effect of R&D input, R&D output quantity and quality on the companies’ financial performance. The research results show that the benefits of R&D input are realized in the 3rd year in the future. In addition, the benefits of R&D output quality are realized in the current year, and last to the 2nd year in the future. However, there is no evidence for the relationship between R&D output quantity and companies’ financial performance. Overall, only can the high quality R&D output contribute to the companies’ financial performance.
3

廣告量對品牌態度與購買率之影響 / The effects of advertising outlay on consumers’ brand attitude and purchase rate

陳怡穆, Chen, Yi Mu Unknown Date (has links)
廣告量的文獻中,一派是以實驗設計為主的研究,多以廣告的展露 (exposure) 次數與時間,以及廣告版面尺寸等替代性指標做為衡量廣告量多寡的依據,並探討其對消費者心理變數的影響;另一派則是以經濟計量模型為主的研究,著重於探討廣告支出與其他行銷投入變數對銷售量或市場佔有率的影響。為了彌補以往廣告量文獻中的計量模型研究未能探討消費者心理變數的缺口,本研究以計量模式,加入消費者對品牌的態度做為中介變數,探討廣告支出對消費者的品牌態度與購買率的影響。 本研究採用資料庫資料針對廣告量對於消費者的品牌態度與購買率的影響進行分析,分別探討廣告量函數的形狀、廣告的階層效果、遞延效果、與競爭效果,並採用panel data分析法進行分析。研究樣本包括三大類的常購品與四大類的選購品,以及連鎖店的品牌。另外,連鎖店品牌的架構中,納入店數為自變數,因為店數愈多表示其在消費者展露的次數也愈多,類似廣告量的效果。 研究結果發現,不論在常購品、選購品、亦或是連鎖店品牌都顯示廣告量佔比的確對於消費者對該品牌的態度與購買率都有正向的影響。在廣告量佔比對購買率的函數形狀部份,常購品中的食品類與飲料類產品呈現向原點凹進的concave函數,而常購品中的家庭用品類、選購品,以及連鎖店品牌皆顯現出線性函數。 採用Baron and Kenny (1986) 三步驟,檢驗消費者對產品的品牌態度為廣告量佔比與購買率關係的中介變數,進而推論廣告的階層效果。結果顯示,食品類、飲料類、與電器機車類產品中,為呈現部份中介效果,而金融產品類的產品,如信用卡、保險、存款等金融服務,因與長期的金錢投入有關,消費者也較為謹慎,此時消費者對於品牌的評估較為完整與週延,呈現出完全中介效果。 另一方面,透過九年的資料分析並以Koyck model探討廣告量的遞延效果,從結果分析中無法得到前期的廣告量效果影響本期消費者的購買率,反而是前期的廣告效果透過影響消費者前期品牌態度或者是前期購買率,進而間接地影響本期的購買率,說明廣告的展露會隨著時間的經過,轉化成為公司的一項無形資產。 相對廣告量的效果與品牌知名度所帶來的競爭效果顯示,品牌之間相對的廣告投入對標的品牌的購買率有正向影響;而知名度高的品牌較不易受到知名度低品牌所進行的廣告活動所影響,唯獨在服飾配件類產品中,品牌知名度所產生的競爭力並無法在本研究中觀察到,可能與服飾的產品特性有關。 最後,依據分析結果建議行銷人員不應只注重廣告帶來的短期或當下的利益,對於廣告的長期與持續的投入,在日常生活中,逐漸改變消費者的態度,使得廣告在長期投資下,發揮其效果。因此,廠商若能規劃長期的廣告投入,便能夠在廣告持續效果消失之際,減緩消費者對廣告印象消退的速度。再者,新加入市場的品牌愈來愈多,再加傳統的大眾傳播媒體已部份被新興媒體所替代,這些現象已侵蝕了以往最有效率的電視廣告,稀釋了廣告的效果。然而,這些新興媒體的績效尚未有一明確的指標或工具予以衡量之,但其對廣告效果的衝擊不容小覷。企業在面臨前有競爭者不斷地進入市場,還得應付後起之新興媒體帶來的更多無法掌握性,建議行銷人員除了建立品牌的權益之外,更應該時時檢視自己與競爭者之間的相對地位,才能保有品牌的競爭力。 / Most experimental literature took advertising exposure time, frequency, and/or size to substitute real advertising amount, and analyzed how the effects of advertising amount on consumers’ psychological variables. But econometric literature focused on the effects of advertising outlay and other marketing mix variables on sales and/or market share. This study is inspired by these two streams of research and trying to mix them together, that is taking consumers’ brand attitude as mediator of the “ad-sales function”; moreover, explores how the advertising outlay affect consumes’ brand attitude and purchase rate. The current research aims to study the relationship between advertising expenditure and consumers’ attitude and purchase rate. In addition, the store number is included in the framework of chain store brands because the larger store number, the more ad exposure. To fulfill the research purposes, three datasets, Rainmaker XKM’s advertising outlay report, Eastern Integrated Consumer Profile (E-ICP), and Taiwan Chain Store Almanac are adopted. After matching these three databases, 76 frequent purchased brands, 81 selective purchase brands, and 21 chain store brands with 10-year period data are generated. Panel data analysis is selected since it can avoid the estimation bias from single cross-sectional or time-series analysis only. The results show that the higher ad share of voice (ad share), the better consumer’s brand attitude and higher purchase rate in all kinds of product categories. The shape of ad share-purchase rate function is concave in food and drink products, but linear in others. In addition, the shape of ad-attitude function is similar to ad share-purchase rate function. Brand attitude is considered a mediator of the relationship between ad shares and purchase rate base on advertising hierarchy models (e.g. AIDA model) that the advertising influences consumers’ attitudes prior to their behaviors. Baron and Kenny’s (1986) three steps of testing mediation effect is adopted to check the role of consumers’ brand attitude. The results reveal partial mediation effect in food, drink, and electronic product, full mediation effect in financial products, such as credit card, insurance, and saving account. The lagged effect of advertising on the consumers’ purchase rate makes the effect of advertising last from four to eight months, or even one year (Dekimpe and Hanssens, 1995; Winer, 1980). Koyck model shows better model fit than prior ad share direct effect model. Therefore, ad investment is transferred into a business reputation and affect consumers’ purchase rate in the long run. Advertising and brand awareness competition effect are also discussed in this research. The business with higher relative advertising outlay, the higher purchase rate it has. Moreover, the purchase rate of brand with higher awareness is not affect by the advertising of brand with lower awareness. But the clothing is an exception. Because the clothing brand has clear segmentation and position, the consumers loyal to certain brand. Thus, the consumers’ purchase rate of target brand might not be affected by the advertising of other competitive brands. Summary of above results, marketers should not only focus on short run advantages, but also long run advertising investment. Through day-to-day advertising exposure to change or transform consumers’ brand attitude. Therefore, the business could plan a long run advertising exposure schedule to lessen the speed of consumers’ advertising attenuation. Suggesting the marketers should build up their brand equity and identify the position among competitors to survive in the uncontrolled environment.
4

廣告效果的實證研究

吳佳儒, Wu, Chia-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
隨著消費者、企業主對廣告意識的不斷提高和廣告知識的日益普及,廣告效果的研究問題是一項非常重要的課題。在以往的研究中,廣告效果可分為二種,一種是廣告的銷售效果,其方式是由銷售數字來衡量廣告效果;另一種是廣告的溝通效果,是以訊息接收者態度、行為的改變程度來衡量廣告效果。 本研究採用次級資料的分析方法,以實際產品的歷史資料做為分析的對象,並結合了廣告的銷售效果及廣告的溝通效果的理論,分別採用產品的銷售量及消費者對產品品牌的品牌態度二種指標來做為衡量廣告效果的依據,進一步地試圖比較同一產品內不同品牌間的廣告效果,以衡量廣告效果的成效。 除了廣告效果的衡量外,本研究也試圖研究台灣產業的廣告是否具有遞延效果。本研究將產品類別依產品特性、通路特性、產業集中度、廣告集中度及廣告密度進行分類,試圖研究這些分類方式的產品類別是否是影響到廣告效果,期望結果能提供廠商做一參考。 根據等級相關分析及順序迴歸分析的研究結果,本研究證實,廣告投入同時具有銷售效果與溝通效果,且大部分在廣告投入對銷售相關顯著的產品在對消費者品牌態度方面也會顯著,顯示廣告投入是同時影響銷售及消費者的品牌態度。在產品類別對廣告效果影響方面,將產品依不同產品特性、通路特性、產業集中度、廣告集中度及廣告密度進行分類檢定,所得出的結果皆為不顯著,代表沒有足夠的證據說明廣告效果會依不同產品特性、通路特性、產業集中度、廣告集中度及廣告密度等產品分類方式而有所差異。

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