兒童是國未來的主人翁，他們的健康攸關國家的前途，也是家庭快樂的泉源之一。兒童醫療需求的決策者的角色，多半由母親來擔任。本文的目的旨在探討：兒童醫療需求的決定因素。分析的主要重點在於：兒童個人的屬性、母親的特質、背、景社會總體因素之間的關連。例如：母親教育程度的高低，與兒童醫療需求資數的多寡是否有關？影響的方向又如何？ 本文理論部份是延用Becker(1965)家計生產函數的觀念，使用的資料為中央研究院經濟研究所謝啟瑞老師所做的問卷調查資料台北市國民中小學學生及其父母為主要對象。本文取其中的前兩部份：學生與其母親的資料，有效樣本共計1313份。實證方法是用Heckman(1979) 的兩階段估計法，來驗證我們的預期。 實證結果主要有下列各項：低所得家庭的兒童，其看病機率較低，但一旦需要看病資數都較其他所得層為：高交通時間越久，就醫次數越少；而等待時間越長，就醫資數越多。母親的教育程度越高，子女就醫機率越低；年齡較大兒童的就醫機率比年齡小的兒童為低；母親對子女的健康評價，對就醫次數有正的影響；母親有固定醫師或固定地點的習慣者，其子女就醫機率較高。家中孩子數越多，子女就醫機率越低。由上述的實證結果顯示，本文理論所強調的變數，對兒童醫需求行為，具有相當的影響能力。

本研究之目的在於瞭解臺灣地區有關醫療需求與利用之行為，並進而藉其 研究結果來推估部分負擔之實施成效。針對「八十年家庭收支記帳調查」 之 1,327戶家庭之資料，本研究分別以多元迴歸之線性模型與指數模型來 從事分析，並獲致下列之重要結果及發現： 1.門診價格偏彈性為 -0.27 至 -0.28 之間；住院價格偏彈性為 -0.06之間。可見兩者均欠缺彈性， 且住院較門診的彈性值更小。 2.門診之住院交叉彈性為 0.0015 至 0.0016 之間，顯示門診與住院之間有些替代效果存在。 3.門診之所得偏 彈性係數為 0.19至 0.22之間，表示門診是種正常品，且其彈性值並不大 。 4.部分負擔在門診上所節省之保險給付，若以負擔率為 10%來看，約 佔保費收入之 6.6%至 10.2%；醫療給付之 8.2%至 24.9%。但若提高部分 負擔至 25%時，則上述各數值約增加為兩倍。可見部分負擔對於保險財務 之補充，實具有相當功效。 5.以 10% 至 25% 的門診部分負擔率來估算 ，一般家庭於一年內須自付之門診費用，約佔家庭消費支出之 0.3%至 1.3%，佔儲蓄金額之0.7%至 3.0%，佔可支配所得之 0.2% 至 0.9%。其比 率並不算高，應不至於對一般家庭形成過重之經濟壓力。但若常使用醫療 資源的話，負擔將會更加提高且不容忽視。 / This research attempts to estimate the financial effects of cost-sharing system in Taiwan's health insurance. According to book-keeping data of 1,327 families, the study uses the linear & exponential model of the multiple regression to analyze the demand of the medical resources in Taiwan. The major results are as following: 1. The partial price elasticity of the outpatient care is esti- mated between -0.27 and -0.28, while the partial price elasti- city of the inpatient care is -0.06. Both are inelastic, but the inpatient care is ever more inelastic than the outpatient care. 2. The cross elasticity of the outpatient visits demanded with respect to inpatient price is between 0.0015 and 0.0016. It shows that there are some substitutions between two kinds of medical care. 3. The partial income elasticity of the outpatient care is esti- mated between 0.19 and 0.22, which reveals that the outpatient care is a normal good though the elasticity is small. 4. As to the potential effect of cost-sharing system on saving outpatient benefit, if the cost-sharing ratio were 10%, the reduced payment as the share of the premium is expected from 6.6% to 10.2% and as the share of the medical benefit from 8.2% to 24.9% depending on varying assumptions. If the ratio were raised to 25% , the reduced payment is projected to be twice as above. It implies that the cost-sharing system could be effective to improve the insurance finance. 5. It is further estimated that, when the cost-sharing ratio of the outpatient care were 25%, the cost-sharing burden for an average family is 1.3% with respect to the consumption expend- iture, 3.0% with respect to the savings and 0.9% with respect to disposable income. These ratios are not too high and an av- erage family can afford it. However, for those using medical services more heavily, their burden could be much higher and should be seriously considered.