台灣已步入人口老化國家之行列，根據內政部最新的統計報告，我國截至2010年之統計六十五歲以上人口已占整體人口10.72%，人口老化背後的兩項主因素為出生率的急劇下降及國人平均餘命之延長，此兩項因素所帶給社會的衝擊，包含人力資源之改變及高齡化社會之調適；相當特別的是此問題在高齡者參與志願服務之議題形成聚焦，高齡者踴躍投入志願服務應可以補充部份人口老化後人力資源之缺口，更重要的是在高齡者參與過程中亦可活化各種社會互動網絡之形成；然現今在因應人口老化問題之討論非常蓬勃，但在高齡者參與志願服務之議題仍尚未多見，研究者基於上述因素以「高齡志工參與志願服務動機及管理機制之初探」，希能拋磚引玉使此議題能有更多專家、學者及實務先進共同探討與研究。 本研究屬探索性研究，由北部11所醫學中心隨機挑選五所醫學中心及加入研究者服務之醫學中心，共計六所醫學中心之志工管理者及高齡志工為研究對象，希望以大型醫學中心志願服務為基礎，由志工管理者及資深高齡志工實際參與之觀點，深入且完整地瞭解高齡志工參與志願服務之動機、目前服務問題與困境及現狀管理機制對高齡志工及志工管理者之影響。研究的目的為：1、瞭解高齡者參與志願服務之動機與需求，作為運用機構志願服務規劃之依據。2、發展適合高齡者參與志願服務之管理機制。3、使年長者能順利加入並持續參與志願服務行列。 根據訪談資料，研究發現高齡者參與醫療志願服務之動機涵蓋安全生理、歸屬、自尊及自我實現各面向需求，由此可見志願服務可提供高齡者不同程度之各需求面向之滿足之平台，並啟動了高齡者了持續積極參與社會之動力；但本研究也同時發現，雖然受訪者大都認為體能體力才是高齡志工參與服務之問題，惟對於高齡志工參與過程中逐漸之體能體力衰退之管理機制，則尚未臻完整與成熟；本研究初步結論認為，包含了高齡志工離隊、離隊前之志願服務協助過程及離隊後活動參與之「高齡志工退場管理機制」，應是高齡志工管理問題之重點，期待透過更多討論與研究，未來能適切而妥善地規劃好管理配套措施，使志願服務成為高齡者持續貢獻社會之助人平台，也是高齡者有尊嚴成功老化之最佳機制。 / Taiwan has become one of the countries with an ageing population. According to the last statistical report released by the R.O.C. Ministry of the Interior, the ageing population (above 65 years) had comprised 10.72 % of the total population by 2010. The primary reasons for the ageing population of Taiwan are rapid downturn of the birth rate and the extension of average life expectancy, which have brought huge impacts to the society; including changes in the manpower structure and adjustments for an ageing society. A rather unique facet to this is the issue of elderly participation in volunteering draws high attention from the public. Active elderly volunteers can potentially compensate for partial manpower insufficiency due to the population ageing. More importantly, elderly participants can activate social interaction networks. Although discussion on population ageing is flourishing, few of them focus on elderly volunteers. Accordingly, the author propose “A preliminary investigation on the motives and management mechanism of elderly volunteers,” expecting that this study can encourage further discussion and research by more experts, scholars, and researchers. This study belonging to the realm of exploratory research, randomly selects five medical centers from eleven medical centers in northern Taiwan, and incorporates the medical center the author services; volunteer managers and elderly volunteers who served in these six medical centers are our subjects. Based on volunteering in large medical centers, this paper investigates the motives and current problems and challenges of elderly volunteering from the perspectives of volunteer managers and senior elder volunteers, as well as the impacts of the current management mechanism on elderly volunteers and volunteer managers. The objectives of this study are expressed as follows: (1) to understand the motives and demands of elderly volunteers that can serve as a basis for organizations with volunteers to draft a voluntary service plan; (2) to develop suitable management mechanism for elderly volunteers; and (3) to enable the elderly to participate in voluntary services successfully and continuously. The interviews collected by this study found that the motives of elderly medical volunteers can be categorized into various dimensions, including physical safety, a sense of belonging, self-esteem, and self-fulfillment. Accordingly, volunteering can provide different levels of satisfaction for the elderly, encouraging them to continuously participate in society. This study also found that although the majority of subjects believed that physical strength is a challenge for the elderly in volunteering, a management mechanism for the physical strength decline of elderly volunteers during the participation process is not yet complete or mature. The preliminary conclusions of this study suggest that a withdrawing management mechanism for elderly volunteers - including the exiting of the elderly from voluntary service, the volunteering process before exiting voluntary service, and participation in activities after exiting voluntary service - should be the key to solving the elderly volunteer management challenges. The author expect that further discussion and research can contribute to a suitable and well-organized supplementary measure that enables volunteering to become a platform for the elderly, and is the optimal mechanism for the elderly to age with dignity.

本研究將主要在探討高齡者參與志願服務的充權經驗，本研究不是從運用高齡人力資源的角度出發，而是試圖尋找更多協助高齡者的途徑，所以把焦點放在志願服務對高齡者的影響，並深入探討高齡者在參與志願服務過程中的充權經驗，研究目的有下列幾點： 第一：瞭解高齡志工參與志願服務的動機。 第二：分析高齡志工參與志願服務後的影響及充權結果。 第三：探討高齡志工參與志願服務的過程中，有哪些促成因素促成充權的出現。 本研究採質化研究進行，以深度訪談法來收集資料，主要以台北市三間老人福利服務機構中的高齡志工和志工督導為研究對象，一共訪問了十三位高齡志工和五位主責志工業務的督導，研究發現如下： 一、在充權表徵方面，分為個人、人際和環境層面。個人層面上包含：跳脫「老而無用」負面標籤的形象、自我效能感的提升、不再恐懼老年生活、對生活的掌控感、多元批判性思考的出現，及女性自我意識的發展。在人際層面上包含：積極而正向的家庭互動、試圖開展人際網絡、獲得社會支持，及改善人際溝通的技巧。而環境層面上包含有：開始關心所處環境的議題、能對環境採取控制或行動，以及積極參與政治活動。 二、充權的促成因促方面，分別有人際「互動」中產生的因素。由人際互動中產生的因素包含有：與志工夥伴的互動、與督導或其他工作人員的互動、和服務對象互動的經驗，以及家人、鄰居朋友對志工活動的鼓勵和肯定。由服務過程中產生的因素包含有：「參與」處理問題的過程，及獲得重新省思問題的機會。接觸機構相關資源的因素包含有：參與志工培訓課程，以及得知機構內或外的其他資源。 在研究建議方面，認為高齡志工要能適時轉換對自我的期待，並以自身充權之經驗鼓勵其他高齡朋友參與志願服務；而社會工作者應要多提供高齡志工正向接納老化的相關訊息、重視高齡志工的個別性差異、促進高齡志工批判性思考、瞭解「團體」對高齡志工的充權有關鍵性影響，最後還要常帶動高齡志工關心環境層面的相關議題，並改變社會工作者對自我的定位；而機構要重視運用高齡志工的重要性，並重新瞭解運用志工的益處。

為因應高齡者參與志願服務的趨勢發展及對個人職場高齡志工的關懷，本研究旨在了解醫院高齡志工老化態度與幸福感現況，探討不同背景變項的醫院高齡志工在老化態度與幸福感的差異，並探討兩者間之相關情形，根據研究結果提出建議，以供相關單位及研究上之參考。 本研究係以研究者服務的醫學中心年滿60歲以上的高齡志工為研究對象，採用問卷調查法蒐集資料，以研究者自編的「醫院高齡志工老化態度與幸福感量表」為研究工具，共發出230份問卷，回收有效問卷218份，所得資料透過SPSS for Windows 18.0版的統計軟體，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費（Scheffe）事後檢定及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法加以分析，獲致實證結果。 根據分析結果，研究主要發現如下： 一、醫院高齡志工的老化態度呈現正向，以「老化認知」得分最高。 二、醫院高齡志工的幸福感極佳，以「社會參與」得分最高。 三、老化態度方面：不同健康狀況之醫院高齡志工其老化態度有顯著差異；在不同婚 姻狀況之醫院高齡志工僅「老化認知」層面的知覺上有差異。 四、幸福感方面：在年齡、經濟狀況與健康狀況等不同背景變項之醫院高齡志工其幸 福感有顯著差異。 五、醫院高齡志工老化態度與幸福感之間有顯著正相關。 / To Response to elderly participant in the trend of development of volunteer service, and care for personal vocational elderly volunteer, this study aimed to research the current condition of the hospital elderly volunteers in term of their attitudes toward aging and well-being of the hospital elderly Volunteers. Then we try to study on hospital elderly volunteers of different background variables in differences attitude towards aging and well-being, and find the relationship between attitude towards aging and well-being. According to the above findings, we try to provide the respective suggestions to coherent units for reference. Regarding the researchers service medical center above 60 years elderly volunteers as the research object, this research adopts the investigation method of the questionnaire. To utilize hospital elderly volunteers of attitudes toward aging and well-being questionnaire as measure tool, 230 questionnaires were sent. The final effective samples were 218. SPSS for Windows 18.0 was used in this study. By using reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson correlation analysis, we had good findings. According to the result of analysis, the findings were summarized as follows: 1.The attitude toward aging that the hospital elderly volunteers present the progressive orientation and the highest score to “Aging Cognition.” 2.The present condition of the hospital elder volunteer’s well-being was extremely good, and the highest score to” Social Participation.” 3.In the attitude toward aging, there are significant differences in the hospital elderly volunteer’s attitude toward aging of different health status. There are significant differences in the hospital elder volunteer’s “Aging Cognition” of different marital status. 4.In the well-being, there are significant differences in the different background variables of age, economic status and health status, such as hospital elderly volunteer’s their well-being. 5.There is apparent positive correlation between the hospital elderly volunteer’s attitude toward aging and well-being.