Understanding dynamic, unpredictable, multiple, pluralistic and entangled relations in technology and organization is an inherent endeavor of the Information System (IS) research. However, recent innovation and changes in technology and organizations have posed significant challenges to the existing theoretical and methodological lens to analyze mutually dependent, ensemble, inseparable, ceaselessly intra-actable and constitutively entangled relations in technology and organizations. In line, this study employed sociomateriality as a wider theoretical lens to analyze constitutive entanglements and disentanglements in technology and organization illustrated with a case of E-service of land record in Bangladesh. This study has applied sociomateriality along with intra-actions, diffraction, relational ontology and performativity lens to trace continuous constitutive entanglements and disentanglements in the E-service. Thus, this study identified significance of constitutive entanglement lens through tracing unprecedented changes, unintended consequences and unexpected outcomes from the intra-actions, diffractions, relationalities and performativity in the organizational context and technological process of the E-service. This study has developed ‗action design ethnographic research' (ADER) as an in-depth methodological framework through conducting 'action design research‘ (ADR) in the process of ethnographic research (ER). In line, this study has formulated problems in organizational contexts, designed and redesigned solutions through mutually reciprocal relations between the researcher and clients, conducted concurrent evaluation and identified learning. Consequently, this study has addressed the practitioners' problems through engaging and intervening in the organizational contexts and technological processes of the E-service of land record in Bangladesh. Thus, both the sociomaterial lens and ADER offered potentials to design and redesign the organizational contexts and the E-service processes. Along the line, the study has contributed to theory and practice of IS research through applying sociomateriality and addressing practitioners‘ problems. Therefore, this study has made significant contribution to knowledge and practice.

The objective of this study is to understand how the integration of digital technology (DT) in the Bangladesh Film industry has been responded to by its production, distribution and exhibition related organisations. Since no research on digital integration has been considered in a developing country context, and specifically within the area of concentrating on the industry rather than the films themselves, this research therefore addresses the gaps within the knowledge field. The Bangladesh Film Industry (BFI) used to be a centre for film production, distribution and exhibition, but this traditional industry has been in decline for decades. In response to the decline, the government started an integration process of DT in 2003, yet eight years after the launch only a fraction of the project has been completed. Apart from its partial adoption in the film production sector, distribution and exhibition have appeared to resist the adoption of new technology. This thesis therefore sets out to explore the causes of partial integration of DT in the film industry in Bangladesh through a study of the workforce, business owners, practitioners, scholars, government officials and executives functioning in and outside the industry. With the mixed method approach and emphasis on qualitative engagement (two case studies and 38 interviews), this thesis explores current attitudes and beliefs and identifies potential barriers to effective integration. In particular this dissertation examines five areas: technology integration, training for workforce development, production, distribution and exhibition capabilities, and argues that the political factor was the most important driver in integrating DT, while knowledge integration, training, and development of digital production, distribution and exhibition compatibility at individual and organisational levels were ignored. Moreover, the greatest concern of losing a job or business within the industry community due to inadequate knowledge, skills and finance is impeding the possibility of full completion of the integration process within the industry. Overall, two important contributions of this research include 1) an exploration of factors that impeded progress of the film industry in responding to the DT and 2) a formulation of some suitable recommendations to overcome the challenges in order to completely realise the integration of DT within the Bangladesh Film Industry. However, further research is recommended to investigate whether completion of the integration process will save the industry from decline or not.

This paper describes textile production in Istanbul, Turkey. From its historical background to the challenges of today. The respondents have told about how they work, talked about competition, communication, achievements, investments and much more. The purpose was basically to find out how important the textile industry, with focus on apparel, is in the economy of Turkey today. Also how this industry can develop, and what it will take to reach such development. The empirical material comes from experienced people in the field and is analyzed with the SWOT model besides other marketing and logistics related theory. Used method is a qualitative approach with semi structural interviews. Companies and associations in Istanbul have responded. These contributors are a mix of senior managers, specialists, officials, employees and entrepreneurs. An interview guide was developed after a pre-study in Sweden. Findings of the study shows that these companies are competing for international customers, but also working together for their industry and country. Some important factors to become successful is experience, research, innovation and customer care. To take a step of further development, more strategy, competence and investments might be needed. There are many other countries which can also challenge about the customers in this business. China and Bangladesh do have similarities with the early development of Turkey in the case of textile garment industry, but are now considered different as competitors. Turkey do have some national advantages, and not least its beneficial geographical position.

This thesis aims to determine the accessible solar potential and estimation of PV installation in Bangladesh to increase solar power production concerning conventional power production in Bangladesh. The rise of renewable energy sources and especially solar energy may result in a significant contribution to the power generation system. To achieve its advantage, proper study and research are important to establish the tangible solar capacity from relevant parameters. Conventional power production depends on a variety of factors and needs to be replaced by renewable resources for the increasing demand. Solar energy is a free source of energy and Bangladesh receives a huge quantity of solar radiation due to its geographical location in the tropical zone. In this thesis, solar irradiation, PV output, and many other parameters are determined to discover the potential of solar power. After that, total land area, population, number of households from the home establishment, number of industries, untilled land area, and other related factors are thoroughly studied and calculated to establish accessible solar electricity. Economic and environmental impacts are the most important criteria of this renewable resource from the country's perspective. Cost and CO2 emission are discussed for conventional electricity production and compared to solar electricity production.

Government authority can, for public benefit purpose, take private ownership of land by compulsory purchase. Primary aim of this study is how to protect private land owners rights in spite of governments power of acquiring land. Bangladesh, as for details study, is a most densely populated country in the World. International best standards of practicing guidelines by FAO-UN, FIG and WB as well as other countries practice have reviewed from different perspectives. From theory, early stage negotiations, market value of property plus other damages, opportunity of involvement of all parties, protection of agricultural land , removal services all of those are the thorny of legal challenges to adopt into a new legislation in Bangladesh. Empirically, field study has conducted by way of interviewing from selected different projects in Bangladesh including largest project Padma Multiple Bridge. Huge destitute of land, unplanned city expansion, unsustainable development of infrastructure and environmental damage are remained as significant issues of sustainable development of land management. Analysis shows that Bangladesh has been losing 1% of agriculture land which related to the national employment and food production. 100% of the affected people wants to resettlement by the authority. There is clearly misusing of legal rights by the government authority: firstly, by using inequitable Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982; no protection has been giving for religious place and graveyard under Antiquities Act, and Article 42(2) of Constitution also imposing unfair curtailment of rights for getting fair compensation. Finally, some recommendations have given for enacting a new legislation including planning permission, extended notice period, public meeting and review, agricultural land exempted, resettlement, valuation by valuers, in time compensation payment and right to Appeal.

Background: Artificial intelligence has risen to prominence as a subject of study. The pace of artificial intelligence evolution in Bangladesh's IT industry is increasing by the day. In Bangladesh's IT Industry, artificial intelligence (AI) offers enormous potential. Despite the huge potential and advantages of AI implementation or adoption, Bangladesh's IT industry is still failing to move forward with its AI implementation. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the main factors that disturb the implementation of AI in the IT Company of Bangladesh. Novelty: In Bangladesh, most of the AI-related research conducted by focusing existing Scope of AI in the Bangladesh, as Bangladesh is in the initial phase of AI Adoption, this paper, therefore, sought to find out the factors that inhibit IT Industry to implement AI. Method: A quantitative method is used to find the results of the study. This paper reports on the results of an online survey questionnaire involving 51 IT professionals from a large IT company of Bangladesh about their perception regarding AI to find out the challenges. Results: Result indicates certain major challenges in AI implementation in Bangladesh’s IT Industry like Lack of AI skills and Incomplete knowledge or understanding regarding AI's capabilities and limitations, Internal culture Lack of Financial investment, , Data management, Lack of technological Infrastructure, Lack of top managerial support, Lack of legal and ethical framework, Non AI Approaches are sufficient by encapsulating them into three challenges context-organizational, environmental and technical barriers using IS theory TOE framework. Contributions: The study offers Insights to policymakers, executives and top-level managers to pay attention of adopting AI in IT Industry of Bangladesh by overcoming the challenges, besides further research can be conducted on how Bangladesh IT industry can overcome the AI implementation challenges. Conclusion: As Bangladesh is progressing with Technology, hence this is a high time to identify the major challenges that inhibit the AI Implantation in Bangladesh’s IT Industry. Policymakers, executives and top-level managers should find a proper solution policy to mitigate the challenges and adapt AI to boost up IT Industry of Bangladesh.

This thesis is focused on the labor conditions of garment industry in developing countries. The text is structured as a comparative case study that is concerned with the situation in Cambodia and Bangladesh. Case studies of these countries describe domestic garment industry, its general and specific problems and a rate of compliance with labor standards. The goal of the thesis is to determine whether international organizations have an influence on the improvement of labor conditions in developing countries and compare it with other relevant actors. In this particular case the attention is focused on the International Labor Organization which manages its supportive programs in both countries but in a different manner. A pilot ILO program focused on the private sector has started in Cambodia thirteen years ago while in Bangladesh ILO had managed to run traditional program focused on the public sector until the Rana Plaza tragedy. Moreover, in the case of Bangladesh is a characterization of change after the tragedy. The thesis examines innovative ILO program that focuses on the monitoring of the garment factories, its functioning and outcomes. It also examines the role of ILO and its orientation by a theory of institutional change: whether it is possible to restore efficacy of one of the oldest...

Consumer purchase decisions is a vital process for online fashion retailers to customers. The Corona pandemic has resulted in more people purchasing through the internet and increase online shopping in Bangladesh than ever before. A limited number of studies provide insight into how consumers are influenced to buy fashion products from online specifically through Facebook. In this regard, it is very important for retailers to present their product and services to consumers in an appropriate way for their digital platform. In Bangladesh, consumers are moving towards online and e-commerce fashion as a new trend now than ever before. Therefore, the author found it interesting to research digital marketing influences in consumers purchase decisions. Existing studies about consumer purchase decisions of fashion product has provided a limited understanding of the phenomenon in terms of Bangladesh. However, overall process of making purchase decisions is studied insufficiently. There is insufficient conceptually reasoned during taking decision to buy a fashion product from Facebook. Consumers are facing challenges due to lack of scholarly investigation, practical advice, practice, strategy for making the right purchase decision in Bangladesh, Additionally, it is difficult to make the right choice and make ideal purchase for them through online and e-commerce experiences. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding and increase knowledge of consumer purchase decisions from online shopping and furthermore, it is also interesting to see how fashion brands use online platforms like Facebook to promote their fashion brands. In addition, this study will provide a brief introduction to the digital marketing, Facebook advertisement targeting specific consumers and marketers. In general, this study will provide guidelines for those who seek to understand, evaluate, and investigate the digital marketing and the factors that influences purchase decisions. At the same time, this study will deliver guidelines for fashion brand managers on Facebook advertisement process and give them a sense of direction on advertisement content selection and the areas that need more focus while using digital marketing on Facebook. To fulfill the purpose of this study, a qualitative method (inductive approach) was chosen to collect and analyze the relevant data. Data collection has been carried out through telephone interviews with five individual experts in fashion product sourcing, production, marketing, quality, logistics and merchandising in Bangladesh. To move with this research, the author will have to code and systemize the raw data and using the codes has made a theme that are relevant and connected with theoretical framework in this study. The findings were interpret using simple terms and general conclusions were drawn. Product quality, communication, review, recommendation, product aesthetics and price are the key influencer to take fashion product purchase decisions. Beside this, an organized Facebook page, Facebook live show, advertisement content also affects purchase decisions. Sometimes, brand value can influence in purchase fashion product.

This paper describes textile production in Istanbul, Turkey. From its historical background to the challenges of today. The respondents have told about how they work, talked about competition, communication, achievements, investments and much more. The purpose was basically to find out how important the textile industry, with focus on apparel, is in the economy of Turkey today. Also how this industry can develop, and what it will take to reach such development. The empirical material comes from experienced people in the field and is analyzed with the SWOT model besides other marketing and logistics related theory. Used method is a qualitative approach with semi structural interviews. Companies and associations in Istanbul have responded. These contributors are a mix of senior managers, specialists, officials, employees and entrepreneurs. An interview guide was developed after a pre-study in Sweden. Findings of the study shows that these companies are competing for international customers, but also working together for their industry and country. Some important factors to become successful is experience, research, innovation and customer care. To take a step of further development, more strategy, competence and investments might be needed. There are many other countries which can also challenge about the customers in this business. China and Bangladesh do have similarities with the early development of Turkey in the case of textile garment industry, but are now considered different as competitors. Turkey do have some national advantages, and not least its beneficial geographical position.

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