Sweden is a country based on democracy and equality. As a result, both men and women areencouraged to aspire equal career opportunities. The aim of this study is to explore how social and cultural contexts, as well as gender aspects,affect Swedish Upper Secondary Class pupils when they choose career. The study focuses onstudents who have chosen an ambitious school curriculum. As method, the study uses both qualitative interviews with students and a quantitative survey. The theoretical framework is based on gender theory and on the social and cultural contexttheory of Bourdieu. The result of the study shows that gender and social as well as cultural context affect students’ambitions and career choices.

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how cultural art journalistic critique manifests on different digital platforms today. I chose to focus on film criticism as it not only tells a story about the movies but also about the society. The bachelor thesis also aims to examine if there are any differences in how amateurs and professional journalists frames film criticism and in extension the society. The research questions examined were:How are the reviews composition and content arranged? How does the reviews rhetoric get constructed? How do the writers approach appraisements in their texts and how do these get framed? Do the texts have an inclination towards the aesthetic or the journalistic paradigm? I used Hulténs mass media rhetoric analysis which is a form of qualitative media content analysis in order to find differences and similarities in the texts. By closely examining the reviews, I found that references to popular culture were of great significance in the field of journalistic film criticism. They do not only show the journalists habitus but also their position in the field and the fields doxa. The study shows that the amateurs often emulates and are inspired by the professional journalists. The amateurs also largely depend on the aesthetic paradigm whilst the professionals strives for an equiponderant relation to both paradigms. My conclusion is that the amateurs compose a heterodox rebellion towards the current doxa on the field and that the professionals reigns the field with their knowledge and their complex and critical portrayal of movies and the society.

Föreliggande studie undersöker hur tolv oberoende förlag upplever att det är att verka i enägarkoncentrerad bokbransch där de konkurrerar mot vertikalt integrerade mediekoncerner.Studiens fokus ligger på hur respondenterna upplever att den vertikala integrationen påverkarderas möjligheter till exponering på olika typer av plattformar, samt på hur detta formar deoberoende förlagens strategier för konkurrens. De två största förlagsgrupperna i Sverige år2021 är Bonnierförlagen och Norstedts Förlagsgrupp, som båda är del av ett störremediekonglomerat där ägandeskap av både ljudboksappar, fysisk- och internetbokhandelsamt dagspress förekommer. Med utgångspunkt i Pierre Bourdieus fältteori undersöker ochanalyserar rapporten förlagsverksamheternas förutsättningar att verka inom branschen samthur de olika aktörerna agerar och varför. Metoden utgår ifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys därpersoner i ledande position intervjuas om deras upplevelse av vad det innebär att inte vara endel av ett mediekonglomerat när det kommer till exponering och vilka strategier de har för attkonkurrera mot dem. Resultatet visar att respondenterna ser breda kontaktnät och ekonomisktkapital som viktigt för att ha möjlighet till exponering samt att det kan vara svårt attkonkurrera om synlighet hos vertikalt integrerade distributörer. Respondenterna påverkas avde större mediekoncernernas ställning i branschen i strategierna för att konkurrera mot dem,där de bland annat fyller ut tomrum som de större koncernerna missat. Studiens slutsats är attde oberoende förlagen på olika sätt, beroende på storlek, påverkas av att verka i en branschdär dominerande aktörer är vertikalt integrerade. Det kan sammankopplas med liknandefenomen inom mediebranschen, såsom journalistbranschen. / The study researches the experience of an owner-focused publishing bransch for twelveindependent publishers in which they compete alongside heavily integrated media groups.The study focuses on how the integrated media groups affect the independent publishers intheir implemented strategies to remain competitive. As of the year of 2021, the two largestpublishing groups are Bonnier Publishers and Norstedts Publishing Group. Both are part of alarger media conglomerate that has ownership of audiobook applications, physical andweb-hosted book stores as well as daily press. Starting with Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, thereport investigates and analyses the publishers prerequisites in order to act and remaincompetitive within the industry, as well as how the publishers have to act and the reasons ofwhy. The method is based on qualitative and thorough content analysis where people in aleading position are interviewed about their experience of what it means not to be part of amedia conglomerate when it comes to exhibition and what strategies they have in order toremain competitive. The results show that the respondents see broad contact networks andfinancial capital as the most important pillars in order to have the opportunity for exposureand that it can be difficult to compete for visibility versus heavily integretaded distributors.The respondents are affected by the position the larger media groups hold within the industrybut are prone to utilize strategies that fill gaps that the larger groups have missed. The study'sconclusion is that the independent publishers are affected in different ways, depending ontheir size in an industry where dominant competitors are highly integrated. There are largesimilarities within the media- and journalist industries.