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Smartphones are capable of a multitude of things, yet it is still common to hear about the smartphone as a whole as being harmful to humans. In order to challenge the perception of smartphones as harmful, a concept was manifested in the form of seven iterations of prototypes. The concept, called Broadcastr, revolved around broadcasting to one's immediate surroundings what one was doing on one's smartphone. While continuously developing the prototypes, the concept was evaluated by the researcher. Evaluation occurred both in the process of prototyping itself as well as by exposing it to other people. The final design consisted of a Raspberry Pi Zero W, which was connected to an Android app via Bluetooth. The Android app ran in the background and monitored whether a new app was activated by the smartphone user. When this happened, a message was sent to the Raspberry Pi, which would display an icon on a 0.9" 128x64 OLED display, which corresponded to the category of the app being activated. It was found that the prototype showed an indication of being capable of challenging perceptions of the smartphone as being harmful, and that it became a useful tool for others to know what the smartphone user was doing. Finally, two possible future research projects were presented. One project would focus on another type of device's activity being broadcasted, while the other would introduce the broadcasting device to a high school class to study its effects.

High quality interactions with racial outgroup members have been shown to improve explicit racial attitudes. However, the links between high quality interracial interactions with other cognitive and social factors have received less attention in the research literature. Contact theory posits that more contact with outgroup members leads to less bias towards outgroup members. The disclosure-liking effect posits that we like those who we have disclosed to and those who have disclosed to us. Therefore, some researchers have explored whether intimate self-disclosure in contact experiences can be used as a strategy to foster better interracial interactions. The current study found support for the use of self-disclosure as a strategy in interracial interactions to reduce executive functioning impairments typically found for both African-Americans and Caucasians following interracial interactions. This strategy was not as effective for other interracial interaction outcomes. Although implicit trust for the outgroup increased for Caucasians who interacted with an outgroup member, it decreased for African-Americans following an outgroup interaction. Intimacy of self-disclosure was unrelated to these observed changes in implicit outgroup trust. Furthermore, while this strategy reduced the salience of racial category differences for those who interacted with an outgroup member with high intimacy, the strategy also increased racial category salience for African-Americans. The study's results suggest that for some outcomes the quantity of contact may be as important as quality of contact and highlights the importance of studying effects for both minority and majority group members in interracial interactions. / Psychology