Thesis Purposeful Categorization of Land as an Interference with the Right to Property presents an analysis of the institute of purposeful categorization of land and its specifics on a background of a theoretical thought about the right to property, the right to favorable environment and the collision of two constitutionally guaranteed rights. The purpose of this thesis is to assess current legislation of purposeful categorization of land, including the instruments that are used in relation to it, and to, based on the assessment, identify problematic issues of the legislation and asses the limitation of right to property that the individual instruments related to the institute create. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Nous analysons ici les discours identitaires d’écrivains des Antilles françaises, principalement Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant. Autour de la question centrale des ensembles géographiques que dessinent leurs discours sur l’homme (nègre, noir, antillais ou créole), nous examinons leur contexte de production, les enjeux de leurs positions, leur dimension performative et les voies par lesquelles ces discours peuvent influencer les représentations collectives. Nous portons une attention particulière aux rapports entre écrivains et anthropologues : certains écrivains valorisent la perception du natif et celle de l’artiste, arguant de l’efficacité cognitive de l’écriture littéraire sans disqualifier le discours scientifique. Les espaces d’appartenance qu’ils donnent à voir sont en rapport avec les découpages des littéraires et des savants (en particulier Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). Nous montrons que leurs « originales géographies » ne se résument pas à la vision d’Antilles africaines pour Césaire, d’un monde noir pour Condé, d’un monde créole pour la Créolité ou de l’archipel pour Glissant. En rapport avec leurs conceptions des identités, associées à une résistance croissante à l’ethnicisation par l’autre et aux catégorisations, la complexité et la variabilité de leurs discours réduisent leur impact, cependant sensible dans la constitution des fonds locaux des bibliothèques. Ils se préoccupent de la diffusion locale de leurs discours, à travers l’interaction directe avec le public, parfois l’enseignement, et la création de prix littéraires. Nous montrons enfin que les veillées littéraires et autres manifestations dans lesquelles ils s’investissent depuis vingt ans témoignent de leur intérêt pour l’émergence de communautés de lecteurs, la sociabilité littéraire étant le vecteur du renforcement de sentiments d’appartenance. / This work analyzes identitarian discourses among writers from the French Caribbean, in particular Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. Around the central question of the geographical ensembles outlined in their discourses on man (Negro, Black, West Indian or Creole), I examine the context of their production, their implications, their performative dimension and the ways in which these discourses can influence collective representations. I focus in particular on the relations between writers and anthropologists. Certain writers promote native and artistic perception, and stress the cognitive efficacy of literary writing without however disqualifying scientific discourse. The spaces of belonging they set out are linked to mappings proposed by literary scholars and social scientists (notably Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). I show that their « original geographies » cannot be reduced to Césaire’s conception of African West Indies, Condé’s Black world, the Creolity movement’s Creole world, or Glissant’s Archipelago. Linked to their conceptions of identity and an increasing resistance to categorizations and to ethnicization by the other, the complexity and variability of their discourses reduce their impact, although it remains visible in the way that local collections in libraries are organized. The writers are concerned with the local diffusion of their discourse through direct interaction with the public, sometimes teaching, and the creation of literary prizes. Finally, I stress that their participation in literary evenings and other cultural events over the last twenty years testifies to their interest in the emergence of reader communities and in literary sociability as a means of reinforcing a sense of belonging.

With the increased energy usage and its affect on the environment the European Union (EU) has issued climate and environment goals which will oversee countries energy saving potential. These goals focus on several areas including the energy usage within buildings. The purpose of this thesis is to categorize and analyze the energy saving potential for buildings constructed 1945 or earlier. The building stock in focus consists of 73 apartment buildings in Vasastaden, Linköping. The buildings were all chosen with Boverket’s database within building characteristics GRIPEN. The method consisted of stocktaking via location visits, categorizing and performing simulations on the buildings. The fictive buildings were based on the categorized building stock. They were modelled and simulated with the help of IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE). With the results of the energy usage a greater understanding of energy saving potential was obtained. The result of the categorization displayed that typical buildings in Vasastaden are buildings out of brick, fully detached (no adjoining walls), specifically with 3 floors. The fictive buildings have an calculated energy usage of 102-144 kWh/m2,year and have an energy saving potential within ranges of 17-41% compared to the building regulations set by Boverket (BBR). The building stock obtained an calculated energy usage of 804-3 515 MWh/m2,year. GRIPEN displayed several inaccuracies compared with the collected data from the location visits which proves that more frequent updates in databases such as GRIPEN are of high significance.

[pt] A Categorização de Documentos, uma das tarefas desempenhadas em Mineração de Textos, pode ser descrita como a obtenção de uma função que seja capaz de atribuir a um documento uma categoria a que ele pertença. O principal objetivo de se construir uma taxonomia de documentos é tornar mais fácil a obtenção de informação relevante. Porém, a implementação e a execução de um processo de Categorização de Documentos não é uma tarefa trivial: as ferramentas de Mineração de Textos estão em processo de amadurecimento e ainda, demandam elevado conhecimento técnico para a sua utilização. Além disso, exercendo grande importância em um processo de Mineração de Textos, a linguagem em que os documentos se encontram escritas deve ser tratada com as particularidades do idioma. Contudo há grande carência de ferramentas que forneçam tratamento adequado ao Português do Brasil. Dessa forma, os objetivos principais deste trabalho são pesquisar, propor, implementar e avaliar um framework de Mineração de Textos para a Categorização Automática de Documentos, capaz de auxiliar a execução do processo de descoberta de conhecimento e que ofereça processamento linguístico para o Português do Brasil. / [en] Text Categorization, one of the tasks performed in Text Mining, can be described as the achievement of a function that is able to assign a document to the category, previously defined, to which it belongs. The main goal of building a taxonomy of documents is to make easier obtaining relevant information. However, the implementation and execution of Text Categorization is not a trivial task: Text Mining tools are under development and still require high technical expertise to be handled, also having great significance in a Text Mining process, the language of the documents should be treated with the peculiarities of each idiom. Yet there is great need for tools that provide proper handling to Portuguese of Brazil. Thus, the main aims of this work are to research, propose, implement and evaluate a Text Mining Framework for Automatic Text Categorization, capable of assisting the execution of knowledge discovery process and provides language processing for Brazilian Portuguese.

The aim of this study was to examine how youths who have a residence permit under the law SFS 2018:756 are handled within the social services in different municipalities in order to contribute with the knowledge about how welfare organizations categorize and organize themselves around this group. The study is based on qualitative interviews with seven social workers divided in a total of six municipalities. Who either possessed knowledge of or meet our target group in their work. We have examined how they handle the needs of housing and financial aid for our target group. In our analysis of the interviews, we have applied a theoretical perspective by using the regulatory, the normative and the culture-cognitive elements of the new institutional theory and legitimacy as a concept as well as Tilly’s (2000) theory of durable inequality where key concepts are categorization and regulatory. Our understanding is that the categorization of our target group within the social services relates to stereotypical beliefs in which the youths do not receive support based on their individual needs, but are handled on the bases of their group affiliation. In the six municipalities we examined, two have been shown to stand out because they handle the youths in the same way as other unaccompanied young people. The results of our study show that there are different risks for the target group, primarily in the municipalities where they receive little support. The risks that arise are further on connected to what the conditions stipulates in the law SFS 2018:756 and partly the consequence of being unaccompanied without social support.

Partant du constat du faible nombre de travaux portant sur la question ethnique à l’école, nous nous attachons à analyser le phénomène d’ethnicisation des rapports sociaux au collège. Le défi réside dans l’analyse et la compréhension de cette ethnicisation à partir d’une méthodologie quantitative. Nous interrogeons les conséquences de la ségrégation sur la subjectivité des élèves. Il s’agit de se placer du point de vue des collégiens, pour comprendre de quelle façon ils voient le monde qui les entoure, rendre compte des phénomènes de saillance et de catégorisation ethnique. Nous étudions la façon dont se construisent et se meuvent les frontières ethniques et comment elles se superposent ou pas aux frontières sociales. Notre approche consiste à appréhender les mécanismes de production des identités ethniques. Nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’ils s’expliquent en partie au moins par le contexte scolaire ségrégué. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré un questionnaire qui a été administré à plus de 1300 élèves scolarisés dans six collèges parmi les plus ségrégués de Bordeaux et de Créteil. Ce matériau se complète de 200 questionnaires passés auprès de familles. Nous cherchons donc à étudier les conséquences de la ségrégation ethnique au collège sur la construction de soi et le rapport à soi et à l’institution scolaire des collégiens. Nous faisons aussi l’hypothèse que la construction de soi en fonction de catégories ethniques n’est pas un processus uniquement lié à la ségrégation. Elle dépend de l’ensemble des acteurs de l’école. Ceci amène donc à se questionner sur ses modalités de variation en fonction des contextes diversifiés liés au degré de ségrégation (ethnique, sociale et scolaire notamment), des politiques d’établissements mises en œuvre et de l’action des élèves eux-mêmes. Nous montrons que ceux-ci ne sont pas totalement dominés par leurs appartenances sociales et ethniques, ils opèrent un travail de redéfinition identitaire qui leur permet de « retourner le stigmate ». / Based on the observation that only few studies question the issue of ethnicity in the school context, the present work aims at addressing the phenomenon of ethnicization of social relations in high schools. More specifically, we address the consequences of segregation on students’ subjectivity. By adopting their perspective, we intend to understand how the students perceive the world that surrounds them and to document ethnic salience and categorization. We question the way ethnic boundaries emerge and move, and how they overlap with social boundaries. Hence, our approach intends to grasp the mechanisms of production of ethic identities, and we predict that these mechanisms are, at least in part, accounted for by the segregated school context. Methodologically, the main challenge of the present study lies in the use of a quantitative methodology to analyze and grasp the ethnicization process. In this line, we used a questionnaire administered to over 1’300 students, in six high schools amongst the most segregated in Bordeaux and Créteil. We additionally used 200 questionnaires administered to students’ families. By means of this survey, we investigated the consequences of ethnic segregation at school on the construction of the self. We also questioned the relation of the students to their own selves and to the institution. In our approach of the construction of the self as a function of ethnic categories, we have considered the additional contributions of all actors in school. Our work leads us to point out different modalities of variations, including contexts with different degrees of segregation (mainly ethnic, social, and educational), differences in institutional policies, and differences in the actions of the students themselves. Ultimately, we demonstrated that the students are not entirely dominated by their social and ethnic memberships. Rather, they operate an identity redefinition which allows them to « turn the stigmata over ».

O Sistema Multidimensional de Categorização de Comportamentos na Interação Terapêutica (SiMCCIT) desenvolvido por Zamignani e Meyer em 2007 pretende descrever o que ocorre em sessões de psicoterapias por meio de categorias de comportamentos de terapeutas e clientes. A pergunta que o presente estudo pretendeu responder é se o eixo correspondente ao comportamento verbal vocal desse sistema é capaz de identificar diferenças entre terapias bem e mal sucedidas quando aplicado às quartas sessões. A avaliação das terapias foi feita com um critério misto definido por: a) os resultados do Inventário de Aliança Terapêutica (WAI), b) presença de comportamentos de melhoras e de análise e c) relato de outras mudanças de comportamentos do cliente. De um total de 25 terapias com as quatro primeiras sessões gravadas em áudio, seis foram consideradas bem sucedidas, seis mal sucedidas e 13 foram consideradas terapias com resultados intermediários. Foi realizada a categorização da quarta sessão das terapias bem sucedidas e das terapias mal sucedidas. Os dados sugerem a existência de algumas diferenças entre as sessões das terapias bem e mal sucedidas, embora não significativas estatisticamente. Nas sessões das terapias bem sucedidas observou-se que: a categoria Solicitação de Relato tendeu a ser um pouco mais frequente em todos os casos; a categoria Solicitação apresentou uma porcentagem discretamente maior e ocorreu uma correlação positiva entre facilitação e empatia. Nas sessões das terapias mal sucedidas constatou-se que: a categoria relato ou foi menos frequente ou mais frequente que nas sessões das Terapias Bem Sucedidas; quanto mais os clientes relatavam mais os terapeutas facilitavam seus relatos e que quanto mais os terapeutas solicitavam reflexões, mais metas os clientes se propunham a realizar. Como as diferenças da categorização não foram estatisticamente significativas em casos julgados diferentes concluiu-se que o eixo de comportamento verbal vocal do SiMCCIT diferenciou pouco as terapias bem e mal sucedidas. Algumas variáveis dificultaram a observação da capacidade do sistema de diferenciar as sessões das terapias bem e mal sucedidas: o número reduzido da amostra e o uso de apenas um dos eixos do sistema. Discutiu-se assim a necessidade de ampliar a amostra e utilizar outros eixos do sistema, como o de temas / The Multidimensional System for coding Behaviors in Therapist-Client Interaction (SiMCCIT), developed by Zamignani and Meyer, intend to describe what happens in psychotherapy sessions using behavioral categories of therapists and clients. The question that this study intended to answer was if this system is able to identify differences between successful and unsuccessful therapies. The assessment of therapy success was made with a mixed criterion defined by: (a) the results of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI); (b) presence of improved behavior and analysis and (c) report of other changes in client behavior. In the total of 25 therapies with the first four sessions audio recorded, six were considered successful, six unsuccessful and 13 intermediate. The fourth sessions of successful and unsuccessful therapies were categorized. The data suggest some differences between the successful and unsuccessful therapy sessions, although not statistically significant. In the successful therapy sessions it was noted that: the category Request Report tended to be slightly more frequent in all sessions, the category Request showed a slightly higher percentage, and there was a positive correlation between Facilitation and Empathy. In the sessions of unsuccessful therapies it was found that: clients reported more or less than in successful therapies, the more clients reported more therapists facilitated their reports and that the more therapist asked reflections, the more goals clients proposed to undertake. Because the differences in categorization were not statistically significant in cases considered different it was concluded that the axis of vocal verbal behavior of SiMCCIT did not differentiate the successful from unsuccessful therapies. Some variables hampered the ability of the system to differentiate between sessions of successful and unsuccessful therapies: the reduced number of the sample and the use of only one of the axes of the system. It was discussed the need to expand the sample and use other axes of the system, such as themes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Graziela Freire Vieira.pdf: 538835 bytes, checksum: abd6f0b40af6e005390b2a7a6872fcec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / This paper has as its objective the study of the clinical context, identifying vocal verbal behaviors categories of the verbal narratives in a therapeutic section. It also analyses the behaviors emitted by the therapist and client discussion s themes during each therapeutic relationship. For that matter, it was chosen the use of direct observation of the behavior as a method to obtain trustworthy data and construction of verbal behavior categories. A behavioral therapist and a 22 years old female patient were participants in this study. The client presented complaints related to her suffering after a relationship breakup, difficulty engaging in other relationships, timidity, and depression. The session were video tapped. All videos were watched and transcribed, making possible the thematic analysis worked in each session and the development of the verbal behavior categories. The selection of these categories was built utilizing: five vocal verbal behavior categories described by B.F. Skinner in his book Verbal Behavior and, six vocal verbal behavior categories taken from observations of this study. The data shows that the therapist s verbalizations were more often than the client s verbalization. Categories, such as autoclitic , tact and mand , had the most frequent occurrence when compared to the other categories. The data shows that the therapist emitted more verbalizations in the theme variable explanations and the client in the theme other subjects . Moreover, the data leads to the development of possible functional relationships between the behaviors emitted by the therapist and the behaviors emitted by the client. It also suggests that therapists trained to utilize verbal behavior as an incentive to promote changes can amplify their interventions effect. In general, this study demonstrates the importance of the verbal behavior study in the therapeutic interaction in order to enhance its efficiency and, therefore, to promote behavior changes in the client s behavior repertory. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o contexto clínico identificando categorias de comportamento verbais vocais funcionais dos relatos verbais de uma díade terapêutica. Procurou-se também estudar os comportamentos emitidos pela terapeuta e pela cliente nos conteúdos temáticos trabalhados em cada sessão terapêutica. Para isso, optou-se pelo uso da observação direta do comportamento como método para obtenção de dados fidedignos e construção de categorias de comportamento verbal. Participaram deste estudo uma terapeuta da área comportamental e uma cliente de 22 anos, sexo feminino, e que apresentava queixas relacionadas com o sofrimento devido ao término de um namoro, dificuldade de se envolver em outros relacionamentos, timidez e depressão. As sessões foram registradas em vídeo. Os vídeos foram assistidos e transcritos, o que possibilitou a análise dos conteúdos temáticos trabalhados em cada sessão e o levantamento de categorias de comportamento verbal. A seleção das categorias foi feita utilizando: cinco categorias de comportamentos verbais vocais descritas por Skinner em sua obra O comportamento verbal de B. F. Skinner e seis categorias de comportamento verbais vocais retiradas do próprio estudo. Os dados nos mostram que as verbalizações da terapeuta ocorreram com maior freqüência que as verbalizações da cliente. As categorias de comportamento autoclítico , tato e mando obtiveram as maiores freqüências de ocorrência em relação ás outras categorias. Os dados também mostram que a terapeuta emitiu mais verbalizações no tema Explicações diversas e a cliente no tema Outros assuntos . Além disso, os dados nos indicam para o levantamento de possíveis relações funcionais entre os comportamentos emitidos pela terapeuta e os comportamentos emitidos pela cliente. Sugere-se também que terapeutas treinados a utilizar o comportamento verbal como estímulo promotor de mudanças pode ampliar o alcance de suas intervenções. De um modo geral, este estudo ressalta a importância de estudarmos o comportamento verbal dentro do contexto clínico para ampliar a eficácia das intervenções terapêuticas e, assim, produzir mudanças de comportamento no repertório comportamental do cliente.

A informação e o acesso a ela agregam valor ao processo de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico gerando conhecimentos que produzem mais informações e, consequentemente, mais conhecimento, estabelecendo-se um ciclo que proporciona uma interação entre os saberes. Organizar a informação e estabelecer procedimentos para a categorização conceitual, na elaboração de linguagens documentárias utilizadas para a sua representação, possibilitam ao usuário o acesso a respostas para solucionar questões pertinentes à sua pesquisa. Delimitamos a área do Direito como domínio a ser trabalhado com o objetivo de identificar princípios para a categorização conceitual da informação jurídica que contribuam para elaborar instrumentos de representação e controle terminológico, ou seja, elaborar linguagens documentárias mais eficientes para a indexação da sua produção documental e que preservem o contexto em que o termo jurídico é empregado. O referencial teórico utilizado para a definição do termo \"categorização\", o qual inclui autores como Aristóteles, Kant, Wittgenstein e Rosch, aliado à Teoria do Conceito de Dahlberg e à Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia de Cabré, assim como a análise de linguagens documentárias utilizadas para a indexação no âmbito do Direito, permitiram a identificação de alguns princípios que devem ser considerados na elaboração desses instrumentos de representação e controle terminológico para a recuperação da informação. Verifica-se que a categorização conceitual pode ser considerada como pedra fundamental na estruturação de uma linguagem documentária, pois possibilita a relação entre os conceitos, representados por termos, dentro de um domínio específico do conhecimento, tornando mais eficaz a recuperação da informação. / Information and access to it add value to the scientific and technological development process generating knowledge that produces more information and, therefore, more knowledge, establishing a cycle which provides an interaction between the different kinds of knowledge. Organizing information and establishing procedures for the conceptual categorization in the development of indexing languages used for such representation allows the user to access the answers for solving issues relevant to his or her search. The area of Law was delimited as the subject area to be worked purposing to identify principles for the conceptual categorization of legal information which will contribute to the elaboration of instruments of representation and terminology control, that means, to produce indexing languages that are more efficient for the indexing of document production and which preserve the context in which the legal term is employed. The theoretical framework used for the definition of the term \"categorization\", which includes authors such as Aristotle, Kant, Wittgenstein and Rosch, allied to the Theory of Concept by Dahlberg and to the Communicative Theory of Terminology by Cabré, as well as the analysis of indexing languages used for indexation in the scope of Law, allowed the identification of some principles which should be considered in the preparation of these instruments of representation and terminology control for the retrieval of information. It can be seen that the conceptual categorization can be considered a cornerstone in the structuring of an indexing language, since it enables the relation between the concepts represented by terms within a specific area of knowledge making the information retrieval more effective.

La perception que le client a de sa propre fidélité envers une marque n’a pas été abordée dans la littérature en marketing relationnel. Cette recherche tente de pallier à cette limite de quatre manières : (1) en démontrant que la fidélité perçue peut être approchée comme une Catégorisation de Soi comme client Fidèle (CSF) correspondant à une évaluation subjective de sa similarité (typicalité perçue) à un prototype du client fidèle; (2) en identifiant les attributs du prototype du client fidèle organisés autour de 6 facteurs : Confiance, Continuité, Participation, Information, Identité, Exclusivité - les premières dimensions étant plus fortement représentatives de la fidélité; (3) en démontrant l’influence prépondérante de la CSF sur les attentes du client et ses intentions futures et (4) en démontrant que c’est davantage la CSF que la contribution réelle du client qui détermine la légitimité perçue des bénéfices qu’il reçoit de la part de la marque. L’intégration de la CSF dans la segmentation client apparaît alors comme un levier efficace pour améliorer l’acceptation et ainsi l’efficacité des efforts relationnels. / Perception that the client has of his own brand loyalty has not been addressed in the marketing literature. This research attempts to overcome this limit in four ways: (1) demonstrating that customer’s perceived loyalty can be approached through Self-Categorization as brand Loyal (SCL) corresponding to a subjective evaluation of one’s similarity to a prototyped loyal customer (one’s perceived typicality); (2) identifying the attributes of the prototyped loyal customer organized around six factors: Confidence, Continuity, Information, Participation, Identity, Exclusivity - the first dimensions being more strongly associated to loyalty ; (3) studying the strong influence of CSF on customer expectations and future intentions and (4) demonstrating that it is more the CSF than the true contribution of a customer which determines the perceived legitimacy of benefits received from the brand.The integration of CSF in customer segmentation appears to be as an efficient tool to improve the acceptance and in turn the effectiveness of relationship marketing efforts.