CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo analisar a obra "Tutameia âTerceiras EstÃrias", de JoÃo GuimarÃes Rosa, a partir de uma perspectiva sobre o engodo da palavra literÃria, e de como seus meandros tecem e elaboram a escrita. O estudo serà mais detalhado a partir de trÃs narrativas previamente escolhidas, intituladas âHiatoâ, âJoÃo PorÃm, o criador de perusâ e âAntiperipleiaâ. E à com base no pensamento do escritor francÃs Maurice Blanchot, que analisaremos a construÃÃo da escrita de Rosa diante de aspectos alicerÃados por questÃes como: a impossibilidade da morte no espaÃo literÃrio, a busca pela origem da palavra como direcionamento da escrita, a instabilidade e a fragmentaÃÃo da narrativa, que nos conduz a uma imprecisÃo, bem como a ausÃncia de ordem que se estabelece no universo literÃrio, a que a escrita se submete, dentre outros aspectos. E à atravÃs dessas consideraÃÃes que teceremos comentÃrios a respeito das falas na construÃÃo dessa escrita, em que o espaÃo habitual da palavra, sempre disposto aos estabelecimentos de soluÃÃes crÃveis e de discursos que procuram ater-se ao verÃdico, encontra o ficcional, que se associa ao lÃdico e ao fingimento, forÃas oriundas da linguagem literÃria, a desestabilizar tentativas de veracidade. / This works aims at analyzing the production Tutameia â Terceiras EstÃrias, by JoÃo GuimarÃes Rosa, from a perspective on the lure of the literary word, and how to weave its intricacies and elaborate writing. The study will be more detailed narratives from three previously chosen, entitled âHiatoâ, âJoÃo PorÃm, o criador de perusâ and âAntiperipleiaâ. It is based on the thought of the french writer Maurice Blanchot, we will examine the construction of Rosaâs written on aspects of grounded by issues such as: the impossibility of death in the literary space, the search for the origin of the word as written direction of the instability and the fragmentation of narrative, which leads to an inaccuracy, and lack of order is established in the literary universe, that the writing is submitted, among other things. It is through these considerations that we commented on the speeches in the construction of this writing, in which the regular venue of the word, always willing to establishments credible solutions and speeches looking to stick to the true, is the fictional, which is associated the ludic and the pretence, forces arising from the literary language, attempts to destabilize the truth.

The influence of facial mimicry and emotional congruence on emotional information processing has previously only been studied in isolation. In the current study their influence on the ability to detect deception will be investigated. In order to recognize the emotional states of others one mimics their emotional facial expression, and being in a congruent emotional state as a person or an emotional message enables faster processing of emotional information. Can emotional congruence between the receiver’s emotional state and a message told affect participants’ ability to detect deception when judging whether a person at a video recording is telling the truth or not? How does emotional congruence affect participants’ speed and confidence when making these judgments? The results showed that participants reported higher confidence but slower response times when making an accurate judgment in the congruent scenario, when compared to the incongruent scenario, but did not perform better than what could be expected by chance in detecting deception. Consequently, emotional congruence had an impact, not on participants’ performance in detecting deception, but only on their meta-cognitive evaluations of their judgments, but confidence rating did not seem to be an indicator of accuracy. In future research the design can be used in order to investigate other potential aspects, such as emotional empathy and other types of emotional congruence, and their influence on the ability to detect deception.

This study investigates the underlying rationale of environmentally and socially conscious young Swedish consumers for their continued consumption of fast fashion. Furthermore this study assesses influential factors that shape young Swedish consumers’ attitudes and beliefs towards fast fashion. The fast fashion business model is largely based on the exploitation of poor working conditions and lack of environmental protection laws in the production countries. However, consumers are becoming increasingly aware of this dark side of fast fashion and the retailers are addressing their concerns with selective organic clothing collections. In order to gain in debt understanding of young Swedish consumers rationalizations, I applied an inductive research approach based on the philosophy of interpretive social science. More specifically I conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 Swedish participants between the ages of 18 and 25. The findings of this study show that the participants prioritize price, quality and how the clothes look over where they have been produced and under what circumstances. Furthermore, the interviewees indicate a high dependency on the Swedish government to punish misconducts of fast fashion retailers. Greenwashing, the Swedish school system as well as a green trend in contemporary Swedish society seem to shape young consumers attitudes and beliefs towards fast fashion. Future research could investigate how the Swedish government and the Swedish school system can take a more pro-active role in educating their citizens and students about the actual negative impacts caused by the overconsumption of fast and disposable fashion towards society and environment.

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This dissertation focuses on questions regarding the metaphysical and psychological possibility of self-deception and attempts to show that self-deception is a phenomenon best characterized as both motivated and intentional, such that self-deceivers can be held responsible for their deceptions in a stronger sense than that of being merely epistemically negligent. In Chapter One, I introduce the paradoxes of self-deception, which arise when one attempts to draw a close analogy between self- and other-deception, and I discuss the various ways in which one might characterize an unwarranted belief as irrational. I go on to show how the various ways one understands interpersonal deception may mirror the various accounts one might give of self-deception. I concluded the chapter with a brief discussion of the role of empirical studies in philosophical investigations of irrationality. In Chapter Two, I look more closely at a particular kind of intentionalist account of self-deception, namely the claim that we must suppose the existence of a partitioned mind to make sense of the so-called "internal irrationality" of the self-deceiver. I discuss both stronger and weaker versions of this theory, in an attempt to show that it tends to raise more metaphysical worries than it solves. I argue further that if there is such a thing as divisions within the mind, an account of self-deception centered around such divisions will not get the intentionalist about self-deception what he or she wants. In Chapter Three, I move on to discuss non-intentionalist accounts of self-deception. Such theories have gained in popularity in recent years, due to their appeals to explanatory parsimony. Against these theories, I argued that there are certain phenomenon we take to be central to self-deception that Mele, Barnes, et al. cannot account for. I therefore propose that a more robust account of self-deception is necessary to make sense of these phenomena. Chapter Four attempts to provide such an account. I claim that if we focus more heavily on the diachronic process by which self-deceivers elicit and/or maintain their beliefs over time, what emerges looks much more like an intentional project aimed at the manipulation of one's evidence or evidential standards than a mere more-or-less unconscious process of motivated biasing. I suggest that such a view can escape the paradoxes of self-deception, while at the same time making sense of the features lacking on non-intentionalist accounts. Finally, in Chapter Five I examine the morality of self-deception. I argue that self-deceivers are not only epistemically but also morally responsible for their self-deceptions, and that self-deception generally represents a moral failure on the part of the moral agent, regardless of the normative moral theory one adopts.

Detection of insider threats is vital within cybersecurity. Techniques for detection include honeytokens, which most often are resources that, through deception, seek to expose intruders. One kind of insider that is detectable via honeytokens is the masquerader. This project proposes implementing a masquerader detection technique where honeytokens are placed within users’ filesystems in such a way that they also provide Two Factor Authentication(2fa) functionality. If a user’s second factor – the honeytoken –is not accessed within a specified timeframe after login, this indicates a potential intrusion, and only a “fake” filesystem will remain available. An alert is also triggered. The intention is to deter insiders from masquerading since they are aware that they must access a uniquely located honeytokena fter logging in to the legitimate user’s account. The technique was evaluated via user-testing that included interviews, a checklist with requirements for feasibility, and a cyber-security expert’s opinion on the technique’s feasibility. The main question evaluated during the project was the feasibility of adding the proposed technique to a computer system’s protective capabilities. The results of the project indicated that the proposed technique is feasible. The project’s results were also compared with the results of prior related research. The project’s scope was limited to a Linux system accessed via SSH into a Bash terminal(non-GUI-compatible), and the implemented technique was also evaluated within such an environment.

The use of Native Advertising has sparked ethical concerns, due to its controversial nature inherent in its definition - a paid form of advertising that disguises persuasive communications as the editorial content of the publishing media outlet. The growing popularity of Native Advertising practices over the past decade in online news publishing has contributed towards the increasingly blurred lines between commercial and editorial content which in turn engenders feelings of deception in consumers and threatens to lower the trustworthiness of news publishers as an objective source. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to undertake theory testing guided by the tenets of the Persuasion Knowledge Model [PKM] (Friestad & Wright, 1994) to uncover insights on whether disclosure serves as an effective measure in publishers' efforts of mitigating the potential of consumer deception. In particular, this study investigated the relationships between: (1) effect of disclosure label positioning on advertising recognition; (2) mediating influence of visual attention on the aforementioned relationship; and (3) effect of advertising recognition on Inference of Manipulation [IMI] and perceptions of the online news publishers' credibility. The study used a quantitative multi-methodology research approach. An innovative Neuromarketing approach was undertaken through a psychophysiological-based analysis of visual attention to disclosure, measured as Fixation (ms/m) using eye-tracking technology, in addition to self-reported measures obtained via an online survey. In line with similar past studies, this study used convenience non-probability sampling and random assignment of participants to experimental groups, on a sample of 87 students between the ages of 20-29 years from the University of Cape Town (UCT). Findings showed no significant difference in the likelihood of advertising recognition, neither between the groups presented with a disclosure and those not, nor between the varying positions of disclosure. Additionally, advertising recognition had a positive influence on perceptions of credibility, contrary to theory and evidence from past studies (described in the Literature Review). Thus, it was concluded that disclosure and advertising recognition are necessary antecedents for critical processing and formation of judgement, but by themselves are not sufficient for perceived transparency and subsequent evaluations of the publisher's credibility. This study presents design implications for practitioners in the online news publishing industry and marketers: the perceived utility of the sponsored content, along with sponsorship transparency through disclosure, plays an important role in minimizing the negative influence of advertising recognition on perceived credibility.

Children must learn not to trust everyone to avoid being taken advantage of. In the current study, 5- and 7-year-old children were paired with a partner whose incentives were either congruent (cooperative condition) or conflicting (competitive condition) with theirs. Children of both ages were more likely to mistrust information spontaneously provided by the competitive than the cooperative partner, showing a capacity for detecting contextual effects on incentives. However, a high proportion of children, even at age 7, initially trusted the competitive partner. After being misled once, almost all children mistrusted the partner on a second trial irrespective of the partner’s incentives. These results demonstrate that while even school age children are mostly trusting, they are only beginning to spontaneously consider other’s incentives when interpreting the truthfulness of their utterances. However, after receiving false information only once they immediately switch to an untrusting attitude.

Deception detection has always been of subject of interest. After all, determining if a person is telling the truth or not could be detrimental in many real-world cases. Current methods to discern deceptions require expensive equipment that need specialists to read and interpret them. In this article, we carry out an exhaustive comparison between 9 different facial landmark recognition based recurrent deep learning models trained on a recent man-made database used to determine lies, comparing them by accuracy and AUC. We also propose two new metrics that represent the validity of each prediction. The results of a 5-fold cross validation show that out of all the tested models, the Stacked GRU neural model has the highest AUC of.9853 and the highest accuracy of 93.69% between the trained models. Then, a comparison is done between other machine and deep learning methods and our proposed Stacked GRU architecture where the latter surpasses them in the AUC metric. These results indicate that we are not that far away from a future where deception detection could be accessible throughout computers or smart devices. / Revisión por pares

In an increasingly environmentally conscious world, the creation of sustainable communication and marketing becomes crucial. Generally, young consumers are environmentally conscious and seek sustainable products while remaining wary of greenwashing and deceptive claims. However, they are likely to be heavily influenced by social media and peers, which makes them a receptive target for advertisers’ deceptive strategies. To achieve success, advertisements must be trustworthy and appeal to the target audience either emotionally or rationally. Sustainability labels like the EU Eco-label fosters consumer trust. Hence, our research will focus on the impact of sustainability message appeals on deceptiveness in laundry detergents and the influence of certifications in product advertising on customer deceptiveness.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of sustainability messages on perceived deceptiveness of laundry detergents. Moreover, it explores the relationship between emotional and rational appeals and consumer behaviour, with a focus on trust, deceptiveness and purchasing intentions. Accordingly, the study was conducted on consumers to see how theyperceive emotional and rational advertisement. The findings will guide managers and entrepreneurs to effectively market cleaning products for enhanced sustainability perception and transparency. The study has employed a deductive approach, utilising a quantitative research design. Data was collected through a survey from 299 participants, aged 18-30, representing diverse European backgrounds. The collected data was analysed by using a moderated mediation approach, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the relationships between sustainability message appeals, deceptiveness, and the influence of certifications in product advertising. The research showed that consumers may be misled by emotional sustainability appeals in laundry detergent advertising, hence the intention to purchase decreases. Nevertheless, it was revealed that rational appeals and third-party certifications such as EU Ecolabel positively influenced perceived sustainability and purchase intention. The study also found that gender had no significant moderating impact, while sustainability awareness moderated the relationship between deception and purchase intention in emotional appeals.