Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-208). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / Chirstopher Hertzog, Committee Member ; Ruth Kanfer, Committee Member ; Fredda Blanchard-Fields, Committee Chair.

It is a serious problem for some well-known accounts of moral motivation, that is, accounts of what ought to motivate us, that what is supposed to provide motivation to act well instead provides motivation to self-deceive. I term this the Self-Deception Problem. Any theorist who offers an account of moral motivation that has the Self-Deception Problem has reason for concern with our tendency to self-deceive. In this dissertation, I create a taxonomy of accounts of moral motivation, which provides a structural explanation for which accounts of moral motivation are liable to the Self-Deception Problem. Using this taxonomy, I am able explain why Thomas Reid, Adam Smith, and Joseph Butler are concerned with self-deception as a moral problem in a way that Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Francis Hutcheson are not. But the application of my taxonomy is not limited to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. I also show how it fits the work of the contemporary psychologist Augusto Blasi and the contemporary philosopher Christine Korsgaard. Neither Blasi nor Korsgaard discusses self-deception in any thoroughgoing way but, as I argue, since both their accounts have the Self-Deception Problem, both of them have reason to do so. The most interesting theorist of moral motivation and self-deception, though, is Joseph Butler. Through a close reading of his arguments for the authority of conscience, I show how his account gives rise to the Self-Deception Problem, and how his sermons on self-deception serve as explanations of and responses to that problem. But the link is even tighter than that: on my novel interpretation of Butler's arguments in favor of the authority of conscience, what he is in fact arguing for is an appropriate degree of self-trust. His discussion of self-deception can accordingly be understood as seeking a proper degree of self-suspicion. On Butler's view, moral agency is not just a matter of recognizing our divinely set proper ends. Nor is it just a matter of acting as a self-legislating agent. It is primarily a matter of correctly modulating self-trust and self-suspicion.

China has a long tradition of using deception and psychological tactics. During the 2008 Beijing Olympics, China displayed extensive perception management, aiming at showing a better picture of China. The purpose of this study is to examine if China has continued to display a distorted image since the Olympics and if it could be classified as attempts on deception directed towards a western audience. By combining case studies with descriptive, comparative and a qualitative content analysis method, three cases are researched in order to establish how they are portrayed in the Chinese newspaper China Daily and the BBC News. The differences discovered are matched with the six different kinds of deception presented in Barton Whaley’s general deception theory. In all three cases, numerous examples can be found which indicates that China attempts to deceive their western audience through the media. Both passive and active types of deception are discovered. The results are discussed concerning whether the differences are examples of deception, perception management or both. Numerous suggestions for future studies conclude the paper. / Kina har en lång och gammal tradition av informationsoperationer och av att vilseleda sin motståndare i krig. Denna tradition lever kvar idag och kan bland annat ses i nyare kinesiska doktriner. Under OS i Peking 2008 visade Kina i fredstid exempel på så kallad perceptionsstyrning där kommunistpartiet styrde vad som skulle visas i media och gjorde allt för att framställa den egna staten i så gott ljus som möjligt. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om Kina även efter OS 2008 försöker framställa en tillrättalagd bild av den egna staten och om det i så fall kan klassificeras som vilseledning. Syftet uppnås genom att undersöka om försök till vilseledning förekommer i kinesisk medierapportering riktad mot en västerländsk publik. Uppsatsen är uppbyggd kring tre stycken fallstudier av händelser som antas kunna påverka Kinas internationella anseende negativt. De tre fallen är när den kinesiska regimkritikern Liu Xiaobo anhålls 2009, när han tilldelas Nobels Fredspris 2010 samt när Google 2010 meddelar att de överväger att sluta censurera sin kinesiska sökmotor google.cn och eventuellt lämna den kinesiska marknaden. En beskrivande metod används för att undersöka hur kinesisk media riktad mot Europa rapporterar om händelserna. Som kinesisk media används tidningen China Dailys Internetupplaga. Den kinesiska framställningen jämförs sedan med hur brittiska BBC News skriver om samma händelser. Genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys och med komparativ metod analyseras hur den kinesiska medierapporteringen skiljer sig från den västerländska. De skillnader som upptäcks i de olika nyhetsmediernas framställningar jämförs därefter med Barton Whaleys generella deceptionsteori som säger att vilseledning genomförs på ett av sex olika sätt. Jämförelsen visar att det i samtliga studerade fall förekommer skillnader i nyhetsrapporteringen som kan klassificeras som försök till vilseledning. Både passiv och aktiv form av vilseledning kan identifieras.

Richard Holton has criticized the common idea that self-deception is deception by the self, and suggested it is rather deception about the self; self-deception must include necessarily erroneous beliefs about the self. In this article I claim that this condition is not necessary, based on two central traits of self-deception: its temporal character  and  its  bound  to  multiplication.  In  addition,  I  suggest  an  alternative condition in relation to the beliefs system implied in self-deception. / Richard  Holton  ha  cuestionado  la  idea  usual  de  que  el  autoengaño consiste en un engaño por el sí mismo, y ha propuesto en su lugar que la caracterización de este fenómeno debe incluir, como condición necesaria, la tesis de que  el  autoengaño  es  un  engaño acerca del  sí  mismo.  Se  defiende  aquí  la  afirmación de que tal requisito no es necesario, sobre la base de dos características centrales del autoengaño: su carácter temporal y su tendencia a la multiplicación. Asimismo, se esboza una condición alternativa respecto del conjunto de creencias involucrado en el autoengaño.

Honeywords, fake passwords that when used by an adversary are set to trigger an alarm, is one way of detecting security breaches. For them to be effective, however, they must resemble real passwords as closely as possible and thus, the construction of the honeywords is crucial. In this thesis, a new model for generating honeywords, PII-Syntax, is presented that was built in part on a previous model but reworked and adapted to meet new requirements. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether an Active Directory, (AD) could be used as a resource in the construction of honeywords. The assumption was that the AD contains information about real system users that could be leveraged to create high-quality honeywords because of the very fact that they are based on actual users. It is a well-known fact that many users have a natural inclination towards incorporating personal information when choosing their passwords, information that can be leveraged by an adversary making the passwords easier to retrieve. The proposed model capitalizes on this fact and bases the honeyword generation process on users’ personally identifiable information, PII. The motivation for this is to enhance the quality of the honeywords, i.e. making them more plausible from the perspective of the adversary. The resulting model performed equally well or better than all existing honeyword generation algorithms to which it was compared with regard to flatness, DoS resistivity, multiple system vulnerability and storage cost. The most important contribution, however, is the inclusion of users’ personal information in the generation of the honeywords that ultimately help strengthen the security of password-based authentication systems. Contributions from this thesis include a novel manner in which to approach a well-known problem, both in a theoretical as well as a practical sense: PII-Syntax is a new honeyword generation algorithm that apart from performing equally well or better than previous algorithms brings an added value of believability to the generated honeywords because of the inclusion of users’ personal information found in an AD.

No abstract available / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D.Th. (Old Testament)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Rodrigues Romeiro.pdf: 818245 bytes, checksum: 639b3f08a148684b72096f3210ac194e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This text analyses the Neo-Pentecostal practices in the International Church of the Grace of God. This church has substantially expanded in Brazil, gathered an enormous number of followers and obtained marked visibility in the media. The research studies the historical trajectory of Neo-Pentecostalism, its development in Brazil, and theological aspects of the movement. The text also presents the Church of Grace, its origins, theology, governmental structure, pastoral ministry and expansion. Due to its insertion in Neo-Pentecostalism, the Church of Grace reflects a theology that proposes to ban sickness, poverty and all types of suffering from human life, in order to produce a new generation of believers: rich and healthy. According to this theology, Christians should live their lives free of any negative aspect of human existence. If this does not happen, it is because of a lack of faith, being in the power of Satan, or exhibiting behaviors that do not please God. As such, the mark of a true Christian is physical and emotional health, as well as financial prosperity. Nonetheless, Neo-Pentecostal preaching has produced disappointments, principally when physical cure does not occur, and financial riches do not appear. This thesis formulates a practical pastoral proposal that offers hope to those deceived by this triumphant message, with aims to return to Christian life within the space of Christian faith.(AU) / O texto analisa a prática pastoral do neopentecostalismo na Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus. Esta Igreja expandiu-se substancialmente no Brasil, conseguiu arregimentar um número enorme de seguidores e conquistou expressiva visibilidade na mídia. A pesquisa estuda a trajetória histórica do neopentecostalismo, o seu desenvolvimento no Brasil e os aspectos teológicos do movimento. Estuda-se também a Igreja da Graça, sua origem, sua teologia, sua estrutura de governo, seu ministério pastoral e expansão. Por estar inserida dentro do neopentecostalismo, a Igreja da Graça reflete também a sua teologia, que propõe banir a doença, a pobreza e todo o tipo de sofrimento da vida humana, a fim de produzir uma nova geração de fiéis: ricos e saudáveis. De acordo com a sua teologia, o cristão deve viver todo o tempo de sua vida livre de qualquer aspecto negativo da existência humana. Se isso não acontece, é porque ele não tem fé, está sob o poder de Satã ou tem um comportamento que desagrada a Deus. Assim, a marca do verdadeiro cristão é a plena saúde física e emocional, além da prosperidade financeira. Entretanto, a pregação neopentecostal tem produzido desapontamentos, principalmente, quando a cura física não acontece e o dinheiro não aparece. Portanto, esta tese formula uma proposta de prática pastoral de esperança que possibilite aos decepcionados com essa mensagem triunfalista retomarem a vida cristã dentro do seu espaço cristão.(AU)

There is a rich literature on how people tell lies and detect them in others, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The first aim of this thesis was to elucidate key cognitive and neural processes underlying cued (i.e., instructed) and uncued lies. The second aim, based on recent research suggesting a link between dishonesty and creativity, was to determine whether creative cognition contributes to deceptive communication. In a first behavioural study, performance on generating and detecting lies was measured in a socially interactive setting involving cued and uncued lies. Results of a multiple regression analysis showed that creativity predicted lying generation ability: more creative individuals were better liars than less creative people. In contrast, the ability to detect lies showed no association with creativity measures, suggesting that generating and detecting lies are distinct abilities. A second event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of uncued lies using a novel bluffing paradigm where participants lied at will. Results showed no stimulus-locked differences between uncued lies and truths, suggesting that decision processes leading to both required comparable cognitive resources. Once the uncued decision has been made, it requires strategic monitoring to keep track of the responses in order to maximize the gains regardless of whether the outcome is a lie or the truth as indexed by no response-locked differences between uncued lies and truths. Finally, parallel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and ERP studies were conducted to determine the role of creativity in countermeasure use in a concealed information paradigm requiring cued lying. Results showed that countermeasures degraded the neural signatures of deception and more so for more creative individuals. This work advances understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying deception as well as their dependence on individual differences in creative cognition.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:19:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidLR_DISSERT.pdf: 671881 bytes, checksum: 59cb4354dc8863086fced6ff23421b07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aims to present a systematic study of sociology developed by Josu? de Castro. It is a theoretical work that aims to evidence the potentialities and limitations of the hunger analysis theoretical models of contemporary sociology. It was used concepts of Social Institution (Berguer and Bourdieu), Habitus-prec?rio and Ral? (Jess? Sousa) as weapons to comprehend better the hunger phenomenon on the sociology field, to consequently generate dialogs between Castros writings and the contemporary sociology. It demonstrates how hunger reproduces more by pre reflexive behavior patterns in a way that the moral rules become invisible and allow the phenomenon to continue in an invisible way / O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sistem?tico sobre a sociologia desenvolvida por Josu? de Castro. Trata-se de um trabalho de cunho eminentemente te?rico que tem como objetivo evidenciar as potencialidades e limita??es dos modelos te?ricos de an?lise da fome no ?mbito da sociologia contempor?nea. Utilizamo-nos dos conceitos de Institui??o Social (Berguer e Bourdieu), Habitus-prec?rio e Ral? (Jess? Sousa) como ferramentas para melhor compreender o fen?meno da fome no ?mbito da sociologia, gerando assim di?logos entre os escritos de Castro e a sociologia contempor?nea. Demonstramos como a fome reproduz-se mais por padr?es pr?-reflexivos de comportamento que invisibilizam os padr?es morais permitindo a manuten??o do fen?meno de forma invisibilizada