People with disabilities tend to face more difficulties and constraints when they are travelling for tourism purposes, compared to non-disabled people. This is problematic because mobility in general (and tourism in particular) is, more or less, seen as a ‘human right’ and has the potential to contribute to peoples’ well-being. Tourism travel should, therefore, be available for everyone. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of tourism travel for people with mobility-disabilities by studying the experiences of parents to wheelchair carried children with cerebral palsy. The main study objectives are threefold, namely: (1) which constraints these families face throughout the tourism travel chain; (2) how the child’s disability affect these families’ destination decision processes; and (3) which improvements that can be made in order to make it easier for these families to participate in tourism travel. An interview study was made including 13 parents to wheelchair children with cerebral palsy and these interviews were analysed by using thematic analysis. The findings show that different constraints and barriers (intrinsic, interactive and environmental) are evident during all different phases of the tourism travel chain and affect these families’ choices regarding type of tourism trip, which destination they travel to, which transport modes that they can use, which requirements they have in terms of accommodation and which limitations they face when participating in different activities. Some suggestions regarding improvements are also provided, based on what the parents require in order to make tourism travel easier for them.

<p>Syftet med vår studie är att först ta reda på hur reseföretag har han-terat en katastrofsituation på en destination för att sedan kunna hitta strategier som ter sig lämpliga kring marknadsföringsarbetet för att locka tillbaka resenärer till den drabbade destinationen. Vi har valt att fokusera vår uppsats kring tsunamikatastrofen 2004 och hur olika reseföretag har gått till väga för att vinna tillbaka sina kunders förtroende.</p><p>Vi har i denna uppsats valt att använda oss utav en kvalitativ me-tod med en abduktiv och fenomenologisk ansats då vårt syfte är att undersöka fenomenet tsunamikatastrofen 2004 i Thailand och ta reda på hur reseföretag har hanterat katastrofsituationen. Den abduktiva ansatsen har varit central under arbetets gång då vi har kompletterat teorin allt eftersom empirin vuxit fram. Vår empiri består av fem stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har stor erfarenhet och kompetens inom det undersökta området.</p><p>Vi har utgått från en modell som förklarar hur återhämtnings-processen för en destination bör gå till och implementerat denna modell på reseföretag. De marknadsföringsfaktorer som vi under uppsatsens gång sett vara extra vitala är relationen med kunder samt relationen med media för att kunna återhämta sig efter en kris. För fullständig slutsatsdiskussion hänvisar vi till kapitel sju.</p> / <p>The aim of this study is primarily to explore how travel companies have managed certain crisis situation on a destination to be able to adopt appropriate strategies to be used when marketing such desti-nation with the purpose to reclaim their customers. We have cho-sen to focus this paper on the tsunami disaster in 2004 and how different travel companies handled that situation when trying to regain their customers confidence.</p><p>We have chosen to use a qualitative method with an abductive and a phenomenological approach as our aim with this study is to investigate the phenomena of the tsunami disaster 2004 in Thail-and and in which way travel companies handled this situation. The abductive approach has been fundamental when working with this paper as it made it possible for us to update the papers theory as the empirics has grown. Our empiric approach includes five qual-itative interviews with people who have a lot of experience compe-tence within the area we chosen to investigate.</p><p>We have built this paper upon a model that explains how the reco-very period at a crisis destination should be handled and used this model on travel agencies. The marketing strategies that we have found fundamental during this period and essential for travel agen-cies to be aware of are those relating to the customers and media in order to recover from a crisis in the best possible way. We would like to refer the reader to chapter seven for our complete version of conclusions.</p>

This research contributes to a very active body of literature on the application of Automated Data Collection Systems (ADCS) and openly shared data to public transportation planning. It also addresses the interaction between transit demand and land use patterns, a key component of generating time-varying origin-destination (O-D) matrices at a route level. An origin-destination (O-D) matrix describes the travel demand between two different locations and is indispensable information for most transportation applications, from strategic planning to traffic control and management. A transit passenger's O-D pair at the route level simply indicates the origin and destination stop along the considered route. Observing existing land use types (e.g., residential, commercial, institutional) within the catchment area of each stop can help in identifying existing transit demand at any given time or over time. The proposed research addresses incorporation of an alighting probability matrix (APM) - tabulating the probabilities that a passenger alights at stops downstream of the boarding at a specified stop - into a time-varying O-D estimation process, based on the passenger's trip purpose or activity locations represented by the interactions between transit demand and land use patterns. In order to examine these interactions, this research also uses a much larger dataset that has been automatically collected from various electronic technologies: Automated Fare Collection (AFC) systems and Automated Passenger Counter (APC) systems, in conjunction with other readily available data such as Google's General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) and parcel-level land use data. The large and highly detailed datasets have the capability of rectifying limitations of manual data collection (e.g., on-board survey) as well as enhancing any existing decision-making tools. This research proposes use of Google's GTFS for a bus stop aggregation model (SAM) based on distance between individual stops, textual similarity, and common service areas. By measuring land use types within a specified service area based on SAM, this research helps in advancing our understanding of transit demand in the vicinity of bus stops. In addition, a systematic matching technique for aggregating stops (SAM) allows us to analyze the symmetry of boarding and alightings, which can observe a considerable passenger flow between specific time periods and symmetry by time period pairs (e.g., between AM and PM peaks) on an individual day. This research explores the potential generation of a time-varying O-D matrix from APC data, in conjunction with integrated land use and transportation models. This research aims at incorporating all valuable information - the time-varying alighting probability matrix (TAPM) that represents on-board passengers' trip purpose - into the O-D estimation process. A practical application is based on APC data on a specific transit route in the Minneapolis - St. Paul metropolitan area. This research can also provide other practical implications. It can help transit agencies and policy makers to develop decision-making tools to support transit planning, using improved databases with transit-related ADCS and parcel-level land use data. As a result, this work not only has direct implications for the design and operation of future urban public transport systems (e.g., more precise bus scheduling, improve service to public transport users), but also for urban planning (e.g., for transit oriented urban development) and travel forecasting.

The 2016 House Republican Blueprint proposes business tax reform that establishes a destination-based cash flow taxation system (DBCFT). Supporters of DBCFT believe a border adjustment tax appropriately addresses the common concern that modern globalization has outpaced U.S. tax legislation. Stated goals of the border adjustment tax (BAT) are to reduce compliance costs, remove special interest subsidies and crony capitalism, encourage domestic economic growth. This paper contains expositional analysis on the theoretical ramifications associated with a shift to a destination-based system. I evaluate the current and proposed corporate tax systems against four generally accepted standards for a good tax: sufficiency, convenience, efficiency, and fairness. My research suggests that a border adjustment tax offers improvement in sufficiency and convenience. However, the BAT does not pass the criteria for efficiency and fairness. Lastly, I add scenario driven research on how the border adjustment tax (BAT) will affect business taxation in California. I conclude that statewide universal adoption of the border adjustment tax produces the highest California state tax revenue under a federal system of DBCFT.

The purpose of my thesis is the application of the concept of the socio-cultural-carrying capacity of the territory via example of giant tourist destinations Špindlerův Mlýn and Rokytnice nad Jizerou. For these two destinations basic information about locations are discussed in more detail; as a major ski resort, including equipment material and technical bases, and local infrastructure. In the theoretical part, I focus on definitions and explanations of concepts of tolerable capacity of the area, with a focus on socio-cultural carrying capacity. Furthermore, I discuss Doxey's irritant index which describes the relationship between residents and tourists. In the practical part I focus on the perception of tourism with these specific destinations residents. On the basis of results of my investigation to be carried out probable form of questionnaires and direct interviews, I assess the level of socio-cultural carrying capacity. Then conduct a comparison of the results obtained in Špindlerův Mlýn and Rokytnice nad Jizerou. The conclusion gives recomendation and a little reflection with satisfaction of the residents lifestyle in these communities and further development of these destinations from the perspective of residents.

This paper focuses on introduction of Romania as a potential outbound tourism destination for Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to present the real picture of Romania, pointing out some unjust prejudice against this country which can be found in Czech Republic as well as pointing out the real insufficiencies of Romania in the field of tourism which are often overlooked. This paper also contains results of on-line questionnaire which may help to create a better picture of how Romania is being perceived by the Czechs today and which are the possibilities for future developments in this area.

The aim of the thesis is to summarize and valorize the offer of tourism products in the region Zlín. The introductory part of the thesis judges the tourism of the region as a whole. It describes the statistical data of the tourism, the main projects of the tourism and the main tourist attractions of the region. The main part of the thesis consists of the analysis of the tourist offer. Tourist attractions and products of tourism are described separately for each tourist area and they are divided into different categories. Accommodation and additional services are rated as well. The conclusion of the thesis includes the comparison of the areas, SWAT analysis of the region as a whole and a draft of new tourism products.

Destination management became the key to a successful development of tourism sector in the last decades. Its role is not only in enhancing the competitiveness of the country's tourism sector on the international market but also in maximazing the net benefits from tourism for the host country. These tasks are exceptionaly important in developing countries. These countries often have unique potential in the presence of tourism atractivities but lack the so needed resources for exploiting this potential. Low level of socio/economic and technological development further limits the market opportunities of developing countries. A natural part of the tourism sector is the local population. However, local inhabitants are often reduced to a tourist atraction and thus do not gain profits from tourism in their region. On the other hand, local people bear substantial costs induced by tourism activities. To avoid this situation, the destination management should seek for more equal participation of local inhabitants in the tourism sector. This thesis will conduct an analysis of destination management in three relatively successful countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa region: Kenya, Ghana and the Republic of South Africa. The tested hypothesis is that destination management has the power to actively affect the situation of local inhabitants with regard to tourism activities in their region. The analysis is conducted in two ways. First, the programming documents of responsible tourism authorities will be compared to the actual activities of this authorities. Second, the conducted activities will be contrasted with the curent situation and problems of the particular countries. The results will then be applied on Ethiopia which is one of the least developed countries in the world but has one of the biggest tourism potentials in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the links between various providers of tourism in the locality of Western Šumava. The research is focused on municipalities and selected entities operating in the Šumava National Park, the aim of this work being to evaluate the level of destination management based on cooperation between municipalities or between municipalities and individual actors in tourism. Destination management in the defined area is characterized in more detail by analyzing the activities of individual actors in tourism. This thesis evaluates the influence of provider activity, administrative boundaries, geographical distance and organizational structure on the origins and function of destination management. Levels of cooperation are analyzed by using a questionnaire survey. The result of the work is an evaluation of the importance of various providers based on their degree of inter-cooperation and a proposal for future streamlining the process of destination management for current and emerging destination companies in the western part of the Šumava. Key words: tourism management, network theory, destination, rural tourism, Šumava

År 2021 fyller Göteborg 400 år som stad. På initiativ av Göteborgs kommun och Göteborg &amp; Co firas detta med en stor jubileumssatsning som involverar ett stort antal projekt. Hela jubileumssatsningen startade år 2010 och sträcker sig fram till självaste jubileumsåret 2021. Under denna tidsperiod har flera projekt genomförts som en del av Göteborgs 400-årsjubileum, och fler projekt kommer att genomföras. Inför Göteborgs 300-årsjubileum, år 1921, grundades flera besöksmål som än idag har stor betydelse för Göteborg och Göteborgs besöksnäring. Denna studie syftar till att att undersöka hur fem projekt inom Göteborgs jubileumssatsning eventuellt kan bidra till att Göteborg blir en mer attraktiv destination för besökare med hjälp av destinationsutveckling och marknadsföring. De fem projekten som har studerats är; “Lisebergs jubileumssatsning”, “Göteborgsvarvet Marathon”, “Göteborg berättar”, “Artscape” samt “Tillgänglig skärgård”.  För att besvara studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer och dokument-och textanalys använts, med utgångspunkt i kritisk realism och en abduktiv ansats. Den tidigare forskningen har utgått ifrån två huvudteman, vilket är; “Destinationsutveckling och “Destinationsmarknadsföring”. Resultatet och analysen presenteras efter samma huvudteman. Från intervjuerna och dokument- och textanalysen kan det konstateras att projekten på olika sätt bidrar till att Göteborg blir en mer attraktiv stad, detta genom att erbjuda unika egenskaper som särskiljer Göteborg från andra destinationer. Det går även att fastställa att marknadsföringen är en viktig del för att sprida information till besökare, där innehållsmarknadsföring, spridning av information via hemsidor, sociala medier, radio och tidningar är betydelsefullt. Dessutom är samarbetet mellan aktörer oerhört viktigt för att destinationen ska utvecklas och attrahera besökare. / In 2021 Gothenburg is turning 400 years as a city. On the initiative of the Gothenburg municipality and Göteborg &amp; Co, this is celebrated with a large anniversary that involves a large number of projects. The entire anniversary initiative started in 2010 and extends until the anniversary year 2021. During this period of time, several projects have been implemented as part of the Gothenburg 400th anniversary, and more projects will be implemented. Prior to the Gothenburg 300th anniversary in 1921, several visitor attractions were founded, which today are of great importance for Gothenburg and Gothenburg’s tourism industry. This study aims to investigate how five projects as a part of Gothenburg’s 400th anniversary possibly can contribute to Gothenburg becoming a more attractive destination for visitors using destination development and marketing. The five projects that have been studied are; “Liseberg anniversary project”, “Gothenburg marathon”, “Gothenburg tells”, “Artscape” and “Accessible archipelago”.  To answer the aim of this study, a qualitative method has been used, based on critical realism. Previous research from which the study is based upon, are divided into two main themes, which is; “Destination development” and “Destination marketing”. The result and analysis are presented through the same main themes. Furthermore, the study show the projects in various ways contribute to Gothenburg becoming a more attractive city, this by offering unique characteristics that differentiates Gothenburg from other destinations. It is also possible to state that marketing is an important part of spreading information to visitors, where content marketing and information via websites, social media, radio and newspapers are important. In addition, the cooperation between actors is extremely important for the destination to be developed and attract visitors.