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No / With the general increase in the worldwide incidence of tuberculosis there is increasing interest in the use of upper room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems to disinfect air. A number of researchers have demonstrated experimentally the ability of such systems to inactivate airborne microorganisms. However, relatively little theoretical work has been done to explain the results observed and few models exist to describe the performance of upper room UVGI systems. This paper presents a new model, which can be used both to design such systems and to evaluate their germicidal effectiveness. A theoretical study is undertaken, which indicates that although upper room UVGI systems work well at lower ventilation rates, they are of limited benefit in highly ventilated applications. The paper also demonstrates and quantifies the relationship between inter-zonal air velocity and room ventilation rate. In particular, the paper shows that under steady-state conditions the number of passes made by bioaerosol particles through an upper room UV field is independent of the ventilation rate.

The efficacy of six sanitizers, [chloline (200 ppm), iodophor (2S: ppm), acid anionic (200 ppm), peracetic acid (200 ppm), and fatty acid sanitizer (200 ppm)], was evaluated against bacteria attached to gasket materials. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocvtogenes were capable of significant attachment to both buna-N nlbber and Teflon® gasket surfaces in either pure or mixed cultures. Differences in initial attachment rates were evident in a mixed culture of P. fluorescens, Y. enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes in vitro. Sanitizer effectiveness depended upon the bacterium being enumerated, the type of surface, if the bacterium was attached in pure culture or as part of a mixed culture, and the system of evaluation, (i.e. whether or not sanitizer was used alone or as part of a cleaning system). Peracetic acid was the most effective. Removal of bacteria was more pronounced on the Te'f1on® surface with all sanitizers used. The cleaning system, which consisted of a pre-rinse with warm water, application of the cleaning solution, post-rinse with warm water, and application of the sanitizing solution, allowed microorganisms to remain, when the bacteria were present as a pure culture, but resulted in the complete removal of bacteria in mixed culture. / Ph. D.