Desde os anos 1970, o narcotráfico tem figurado papel de destaque nos principais veículos de comunicação da América Latina, com uma cobertura caracterizada pela superficialidade e, em alguns casos, flertando com o sensacionalismo. Porém, alguns repórteres foram bem-sucedidos ao aproximar o narcotráfico e a reportagem, principalmente, a partir da produção de livros-reportagem. O tema influenciou a literatura do continente (originando termos como narcoliteratura, narconarrativa e narcocultura), bem como o contexto do tráfico de drogas proporcionou a produção editorial de obras de não ficção, a partir dos anos 80, atingindo o ápice nos anos 90 e 2000. Desta forma, esta dissertação, apoiado no referencial teórico da análise crítica da narrativa, proposta por Luiz Gonzaga Motta (2013), buscou analisar a contribuição do livro-reportagem em relação à produção cultural da narcoliteratura, a partir do estudo de duas obras: Abusado: o dono do morro Dona Marta (Record, 2011), de Caco Barcellos e El Cártel de Sinaloa (Randon House, 2009), de Diego Enrique Osorno. De forma geral, debruçando-se sobre características como enredo, personagens, tempo, espaço e narrador, encontrou-se aproximações narrativas entre o que ficou considerado como narconarrativas (MEJÍAS; SANTOS; URGELLES, 2016) e a produção jornalística do livro-reportagem. / Since the 70\'s, the cover of drug trafficking showed superficiality in narratives and, the process almost industrial, does not allow a deep analysis. Despite this fact, some journalists was succeded uniting the drug trafficking and the reportage, mainly, with the production of non-fiction books. This theme had influenced the literature of continent (creating terms like narcoliteratura, narconarrativa and narcocultura), as well, the context of drug trafficking provided a mass editorial production of non-fiction books, starting in final of the 80\'s, and reaching the apex in the 90\'s and 2000. In this way, this dissertation, referenced in the concepts of critic analysis of narrative, developed by Luiz Gonzaga Motta (2013), will analyse the contribution of the non-fiction books in relation to the cultural production of narcoliteratura, from the analysis of two books: Abusado: o dono do morro Dona Marta (Record, 2011), of Caco Barcellos and El Cártel de Sinaloa (Randon House, 2009), of Diego Enrique Osorno. In general, looking at characteristics such as plot, characters, time, space and narrator, we found narrative approximations between that was considered narconarrativas (MEJÍAS; SANTOS; URGELLES, 2016) and the journalistic production of the non-fiction books.

Drug-related violence in Mexico has increased exponentially in the last five years, killing near 50,000 people. Even though the country has been a producer of marijuana and opium poppy for nearly a century, it was not until the beginning of the new millennium that drug violence skyrocketed. Up until now, academic studies and policy papers have focused primarily on the political changes Mexico underwent over the last decade and on ingrained corruption as the central factors in explaining the increased violence. But such a jump in homicides rates, as well as the sheer brutality of the violence involved, also reflects the evolution of the country's drug organizations -- which went from being merely feared and ruthless drug producers and smugglers to far-reaching criminal empires that now dominate all aspects of the illicit drug underworld in the Americas. Many have become so powerful that they have formed their own armies of hit men and foot soldiers that operate like full-fledged paramilitary groups protecting their territories and smuggling routes to American soil. Further feeding the cycle of murders in Mexico is an increasing diversification of drug gangs' businesses, which now range from drug production and smuggling to extortion, kidnapping and human trafficking. Through an historical, spatial and statistical analysis, this study sets out to deconstruct the current wave of Mexican drug violence, show how it is spreading and why, and how that reflects the evolution of Mexican drug organizations. / text

abstract: This thesis examines the Mexican federal judiciary and the problem of corruption in this institution, particularly related to cases of drug trafficking. Given the clandestine nature of corruption and the complexities of this investigation, ethnographic methods were used to collect data. I conducted fieldwork as a "returning member" to the site under study, based on my former experience and interaction with the federal judicial system. I interviewed 45 individuals who work in the federal courts in six different Mexican cities. I also studied case files associated with an important criminal trial of suspected narco-traffickers known in Mexico as "El Michoacanazo." My study reveals the complicated nature of judicial corruption and how it can occur under certain circumstances. I conclude that the Mexican federal judiciary has become a more professional, efficient, and trustworthy institution over the past fifteen years, though institutionalized practices such as nepotism, cronyism, personal abuse of power, and gender inequalities still exist, tending to thwart the full professionalization of these courts and facilitating instances of misconduct and corruption. Although structural factors prevent full professionalization and corruption does occur in these courts, the system works better than it ever has before. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Justice Studies 2012

In this dissertation, I argue against the idea that literary works that portray drug-trafficking, or “narconovelas,” are mere apologias for drug-trafficking and governing failures unique to Colombia and Mexico. In order to problematize that statement, it is necessary to understand how drug-trafficking and its policies started, changed over time, and came to shape our contemporary practices of citizenship and our sense of justice. Drawing on Foucault’s concept of “governmentality”, I argue that a political reading of narconovelas will help us to rethink categories of governmentality such as governed subjectivities, governed bodies and inhabited spaces. In narconovelas, these categories reveal the construction of a criminal otherness, which is portrayed as antagonistic to an ideal middle-class model of citizen. In other words, readers of “narconovelas” do not learn about “narcoculture” or drug-trafficking but paradoxically about the markers of a middle-class citizen: “well spoken,” educated, able to control his/her own pleasures, conservatively dressed, and responsive to the disciplining of security dispositifs. In the first part of this dissertation, I explain how the opium policies and wars in China during the 19th century as well as the colonialist efforts of the United States established a precedent for the governing of drugs on a global level. Colombian and Mexican governing of drugs is linked not only to that precedent but also to the neoliberal ways of the governing of drugs. The second part of this work contains the literary analysis. I found that feminine subjectivities are constructed by highlighting the differences between a middle-class woman and a subaltern woman, and the body of the criminal is constructed based on distinctions of social class; in addition, the micro-politics for the representation of bodies derive from the colonial assumption that bodies can be owned, abused and disposed. I also found that narconovelas reverse our understanding of the center and the periphery; some novels even depict a transforming sense of citizenship by reimaging the inhabited spaces. With this work, I demonstrate that cultural production and in particular the narconovelas reinforce, challenge or remain ambiguous to the various biases that shape contemporary categories of governmentality such as gender, body and space. This dissertation is written in Spanish.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema desta tese é compreender trajetórias de indivíduos que atuaram no tráfico de drogas e de armas na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Discuto as motivações que ensejaram a entrada destes indivíduos na atividade criminosa e os efeitos que a passagem pelo sistema prisional causou na constituição de suas identidades pessoais. O objetivo principal é examinar as condições que propiciaram o abandono do tráfico e detectar as mediações que serviram de suporte na tentativa de reinserção no mundo formal e lega. Procurei analisar as atividades do tráfico de drogas a partir das diversas interações entre seus participantes, reconstituídas por entrevistas com indivíduos que exerceram tal atividade. As formas sociais de conexão entre o lícito e o ilícito é examinada neste trabalho a partir das motivações individuais face à forças estruturais que induzem a produção de um jogo de identidades que não toma o indivíduo como um "locus " empírico dotado de encerramento da análise sociológica.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema desta tese é compreender trajetórias de indivíduos que atuaram no tráfico de drogas e de armas na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Discuto as motivações que ensejaram a entrada destes indivíduos na atividade criminosa e os efeitos que a passagem pelo sistema prisional causou na constituição de suas identidades pessoais. O objetivo principal é examinar as condições que propiciaram o abandono do tráfico e detectar as mediações que serviram de suporte na tentativa de reinserção no mundo formal e lega. Procurei analisar as atividades do tráfico de drogas a partir das diversas interações entre seus participantes, reconstituídas por entrevistas com indivíduos que exerceram tal atividade. As formas sociais de conexão entre o lícito e o ilícito é examinada neste trabalho a partir das motivações individuais face à forças estruturais que induzem a produção de um jogo de identidades que não toma o indivíduo como um "locus " empírico dotado de encerramento da análise sociológica.

This master thesis deals with policies of United States of America in combat against Mexican drug cartels, which are responsible for overwhelming majority of drugs flowing into USA. Although huge demand for drugs by U.S. citizens is crucial aspect in a long-term, this work put emphasis on immediate solutions, which would weaken the general position of cartels and therefore limit the flow of drugs into the country. Drug cartels are perceived as transnational criminal organizations a research aims to find out whether USA acknowledge this fact and whether they adapt their policies. The subjects of this research are two documents - cooperation with Mexico under the Mérida Initiative and U.S. Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime. Threats of organized crime and goals in fight against it presented in these two documents serve as reference points and basis for evaluation of U.S. actions.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Defense Evaluation Support Activity (DESA) is an independent Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) activity that provides tailored evaluation support to government organizations. DESA provides quick-response support capabilities and performs activities ranging from studies to large-scale field activities that include deployment, instrumentation, site setup, event execution, analysis and report writing. The National Guard Bureau requested DESA's assistance in the development and field testing of the Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Sensor Suite (LSS). LSS was integrated by DESA to provide a multi-sensor suite that detects and identifies ground targets on foot or in vehicles with minimal operator workload. The LSS was designed primarily for deployment in high density drug trafficking areas along the northern and southern borders using primarily commercial-off-the-shelf and government-off-the-shelf equipment. Field testing of the system prototype in summer of 1995 indicates that the LSS will provide a significant new data collection and transfer capability to the National Guard in control of illegal drug transfer across the U.S. borders.