Orientadores: Heloisa Amelia de Lima Castro, Fausto Berzin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borini_CyntiaBicalho_M.pdf: 517022 bytes, checksum: a3d5e99bb1ec9250f8e60c7a696ab342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) apresenta alterações que envolvem a musculatura mastigatória, as articulações temporomandibulares e estruturas associadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a função mastigatória de indivíduos portadores de DTM por meio de exame eletromiográfico, relacionando a presença de sinais e sintomas da disfunção ao lado preferencial de mastigação. A amostra foi selecionada por meio de uma anamnese, preenchimento do Questionário para Índice e Diagnóstico e exame clínico segundo o Critério de Diagnóstico para Pesquisa das Desordens Temporomandibulares (RDC/DTM). Foram selecionados 27 sujeitos do sexo feminino, com idade entre 20 e 40 anos (25,03 + ou - 5,22), divididos em dois grupos, um constituído por 11 sujeitos clinicamente normais e o outro por 16 sujeitos portadores de DTM. O exame eletromiográfico foi realizado na porção anterior do músculo temporal e parte superficial do músculo masseter, bilateralmente, por meio do eletromiógrafo Myosistem I® de 12 canais, com 12 bites de resolução, freqüência de amostragem de 2000 Hz, ganho de 150 vezes e filtro digital passa faixa em 10-500 Hz. Foram utilizados eletrodos de superficie ativos diferenciais simples de prata pura com ganho de 20 vezes. Os registros eletromiográficos foram obtidos em três dias diferentes, sempre no mesmo horário, no prazo de uma semana. Foram avaliadas as situações de contração isotônica bilateral simultânea e mastigação habitual. Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma relação entre o lado de maior atividade elétrica e o lado preferencial de mastigação no grupo clinicamente normal, porém esta relação não foi observada no grupo de portadores de DTM, tanto na mastigação habitual como na contração bilateral. Em indivíduos portadores de DTM a porção anterior do músculo temporal, apresentou uma maior atividade eletromiográfica do lado preferencial de mastigação quando comparada com a parte superficial do músculo masseter / Abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by changes in masticatory musculature, temporomandibular joints and associated structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate masticatory function in TMD patients by means of surface electromyographic (EMG) exam, relating the TMD signs and symptoms to the lateral preference masticatory. Subjects were selected through an anamnesis, Questionnaire for Index and Diagnostic fulfillment and c1inical exam recommended by Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). Twenty seven female volunteers were selected, with 20-40 years old (25.03::1:5,22), divided in two groups, one constituted by TMD subjects (16 subjects) and another constituted by c1inically healthy subjects (11 subjects). The EMG exam was carried out in the anterior portion of temporal and superficial part of masseter musc1es bilaterally. The EMG recordings were acquired with single differential Ag/Ag electrodes (gain = 20) in the Myosystem I® equipment, with a sampling rate of 2000 Hz, a 12 bits A/D card, gain of 150, 20 Hz high-pass and 500 Hz low-pass filters. The EMG signal was obtained in three different days, at the same time and with an interval of one week. The evaluation was accomplished during bilateral contraction and habitual mastication. The results showed that there was a relation between the side with the highest leveI of myoelectric activity and lateral preference masticatory in the clinically healthy group, but in the group of the TMD patients this relation was not observed, as in the habitual mastication as in the bilateral contraction. In TMD patients, the anterior portion of temporal showed the highest level of myoelectric activity in the lateral preference masticatory when compared with the superficial part of masseter musc1es / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

INTRODUCTION: Muscle activity and timing of the swing phases may contribute to the differences we see in athletes at different skill levels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences between mean muscle activity, peak muscle active and time to peak muscle activity for select muscles in the lower extremity as well as the differences between start times for swing phases and bat velocity prior to impact for a skilled and recreational group. METHODS: Twelve healthy subjects were split into two groups based on competitive level and analyzed hitting off of a tee. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen between muscle activity or the start time for the landing and swinging between groups. The skilled group did have a faster time to peak muscle activation for the front leg biceps femoris (p = 0.024), start the shifting (p = 0.12) and stepping (p = 0.11) phases significantly earlier as well as had a higher bat velocity prior to ball contact (p = 0.42) than the recreational group. CONCLUSION: Mean and peak muscle activity trends to be lower for skilled hitters than recreational hitters. Evidence of the skilled group starting the shifting and stepping phase earlier as well as having a higher bat velocity prior to impact could be important in separating hitters into skill level.

Application of EMG-controlled functional neuromuscular stimulation to a denervated muscle depends largely on the successful discrimination of the EMG signal by which the subject desires to execute control over the impeded movement. This can be achieved by an adaptive and flexible interface regardless of electrodes location, strength of remaining muscle activity or even personal conditions. Adaptability is a natural and important characteristic of artificial neural networks. This research work is restricted to the development of a real-time application of artificial neural network to the EMG signature recognition. Through this new approach, EMG features extracted by Fourier analysis are presented to a multilayer perceptron type neural network. The neural network learns the most relevant features of the control signal. For real-time operation, a digital signal processor operates over the resulting set of weights from the learning process, and maps the incoming signal to the stimulus control domain. Results showed a highly accurate discrimination of the EMG signal over interference patterns.

We developed a novel approach that requires subjects to produce and finely tune ground reaction forces (GRFs) while standing. Using this method we were able to identify specific contributions of individual muscles and how these contributions change with the effects of age. One of the aims of this investigation was to determine whether electromyographic data in our findings was due to random muscle activation or representative of a neuromuscular control strategy. Ten healthy young adults (5 male, 5 female) with their dominant foot fixed within a boot mounted to a force platform participated twice in a target matching protocol, requiring subjects to control both the direction and magnitude of GRF along the horizontal plane while maintaining constant inferior-superior loads of 50% body-weight. Subjects were asked to manoeuvre a cursor with their dominant leg to match a series of targets projected on a screen. Targets appeared at random one at-a-time, separated by 30o around a circular trajectory. Subjects applied loads to the force platform in various horizontal directions to move the cursor while also controlling body weight. A successful target match required subjects to maintain 50% body weight and 30% of their peak horizontal load for one second. Electromyography (EMG) of eight muscles that cross the knee joint, ground reaction forces, and kinematic data were recorded for each successful match. EMG was normalized to percent maximum voluntary isometric contractions collected on an isokinetic dynamometer. Each target matching session was separated by two-three days. A random model, single measures intra-class correlation analysed the reliability for both test-retest and intra-day results, in addition to intersubject reliability. We observed moderate to high ICC values (0.60 – 0.993) for most muscles in most directions, indicating low within-subject variance. In addition, moderate to high between-subject reliability was observed in all eight muscle activation profiles, indicating subjects used similar neuromuscular control strategies to achieve the desired GRFs. Our findings support that groups who have undergone the same number of testing sessions can be compared, and that a single testing session is all that is required to compare neuromuscular control strategies used by a group to achieve target locations. The second aim of this investigation was to evaluate age related differences in neuromuscular control about the knee joint using our target match protocol. Thirty-three healthy adults (17 younger 24 years ±2, 16 older 59 years ±5), completed the same protocol evaluated above. The mean magnitude of muscle activity, specificity index, and mean direction of muscle activity were calculated in each target direction. Older adults presented with significantly lower strength in knee flexion and extension, hip abduction, and ankle plantar flexion. Significantly (p<0.25) higher mean activation magnitudes in the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius, and tensor facia lata were also observed. Intraclass correlations (ICC) magnitudes indicate the percentage of global variance that can be explained by within subject and between trial variability. Muscle activation patterns were found to be similar in all muscles (ICC≤0.82). Similar patterns are supported by non-significant differences in mean direction of activation and muscle activation specificity. These results indicated that healthy older adults utilise different activation magnitudes for stabilising the knee while maintain similar muscle activation synergies in all muscles to younger adults.

The stopping of an earlier intended action is best explained in a race between a go process and a stop process (Logan & Cowan, 1984). The finish line, to which each process races, has been likened to a point of no return, specifically one that marks the onset of a final ballistic (unstoppable) process. Of note is the typical relation of reduced go probabilities and faster go latencies at shorter signal onset asynchronies (SOAs). (The SOA is the time interval between presentation of the go signal and presentation of the stop signal.) We report, in some cases, sub-maximal surface electromyograms (EMGs) at onset when trying to stop a maximal speeded action. These data indicate reduced synaptic drive to reach the motor pools as a result of earlier stopping effects and, as such, hold important implications for a theory of control. First, we interpret these data to suggest that the point of no return is phantom. Sub-maximal EMGs indicate a point in the control stream beyond which some EMG will be later observed but, importantly, they fail to mark the onset of a final ballistic process if, once breached, the same process remains subject to further effects of stopping. The alternative interpretation, however, that of a final ballistic process that receives sub-maximal input which results in sub-maximal output (i.e., EMG onset) cannot be ruled out from these data. We used the Hoffmann (H) reflex to probe further the mechanism of control for stopping a voluntary action. The H-reflex, an involuntary reflex that is taken as an index of spinal control, is relevant to the control of stopping because it is typically facilitated a short time before EMG onset. In other words, it provides a window of control within which a final ballistic process would otherwise be expected to locate. Thus, we interpret the effects of stopping on the H-reflex before EMG onset as strong evidence against a final ballistic process. Second, while the race model can explain the relation between the go probabilities, the go latencies and the SOAs, it fails to explain the sub-maximal EMG onsets that describe that same action in some cases. We submit a mechanism of excitatory-inhibitory interaction at all times up to the motor pool to explain both sets of empirical data. The viability of this theory is demonstrated using computer analyses. / Education, Faculty of / Kinesiology, School of / Graduate

Orientador: Fausto Berzin / Tse (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ries_LilianGerdiKittel_D.pdf: 1293005 bytes, checksum: 5d6c059c185dd54675f7956db6ed91e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as características eletromiográficas e estabilográficas de indivíduos com e sem disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), durante as posturas mandibulares de repouso, de contração isométrica durante o apertamento dentário em máxima intercuspidação (ISOM) e de contração isotônica durante atividade mastigatória não-habitual (ISOT). Na avaliação das características eletromiográficas as seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: raiz quadrada da média normalizada (RMSn) e simetria da atividade dos músculos Temporal, Masseter e Esternocleidomastóide. As variáveis estabilográficas avaliadas foram: índice de oscilação postural, máxima distância medial-lateral, máxima distância anterior-posterior e simetria medial-lateral. Participaram deste estudo 40 voluntários do gênero feminino, sendo 20 destes com sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular e 20 indivíduos assintomáticos, constituindo o grupo controle. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio da Análise de Variância de Medidas Repetidas e em caso de efeitos significativos procederam-se comparações múltiplas, utilizando o teste t. O nível de significância foi p< 0.05. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que indivíduos com DTM apresentam mais dor na região cervical (p<0.05), mostrando que as alterações do sistema motor mandibular são relacionadas com alterações no sistema cervical. Os indivíduos com DTM também apresentaram maior assimetria na atividade dos músculos temporal (p<0.001), masseter (p<0.0001) e esternocleidomastóide (p<0.0001) e maior assimetria na distribuição de peso medial-lateral (p<0.01) em relação ao grupo controle. No grupo com DTM foi observada uma significativa redução no índice de oscilação (p<0.05) e na máxima distância medial-lateral (p<0.05). A dor cervical neste grupo pode ter influenciado na redução dos movimentos cervicais para estabilizar a cabeça com um aumento da estabilidade postural. O padrão assimétrico de ativação dos músculos elevadores da mandíbula e do pescoço pode ser interpretado como uma estratégia compensatória para encontrar estabilidade para o sistema mandibular e cervical durante a função mastigatória / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) and stabilographic characteristics of individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD), during the mandibular rest position (MRP), the isometric contraction during maximal intercuspal position (MIP), and the isotonic contraction during no habitual chewing cycle (CC). In the evaluation of the EMG characteristics the following variable had been considered: normalized root mean square (nRMS) and symmetry of the temporalis, masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. The evaluated stabilographic variables had been: sway index, maximum medial-lateral distance, maximum anteriorposterior distance and symmetry medial-lateral. This study evaluated 40 female volunteers: 20 with signals and symptoms of TMD and 20 asymptomatic individuals, constituting the control group. The variables were analyzed through repeated measures Anova and in case of significant effect multiple comparisons had been applied, using test t. The level of significance was p< 0.05. The results of this study had indicated that individuals with TMD present more pain in the cervical region (p<0.05), showing that the alterations of the mandibular motor system are related with alterations in the cervical system. The individuals with TMD had also presented greater asymmetry in the activity of the temporalis (p<0.001), masseter (p<0.0001) and SCM (p<0.0001) muscles and greater asymmetry in the medial-lateral distribution of weight (p<0.01) in relation to the control group. In the group with TMD was observed a significant reduction in the sway index (p<0.05) and maximum medial-lateral distance (p<0.05). Cervical pain in TMD group can have influenced in the reduction of the cervical movement to stabilize the head with an increase of the postural stability. The asymmetric activation of jaw and neck muscles is interpreted as a compensatory strategy to achieve stability for mandibular and cervical system during masticatory function / Doutorado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T10:39:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Batista_AlexandreRosas_M.pdf: 1979642 bytes, checksum: 55273546a63064fe915ef9261d5c5750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O propósito do presente estudo foi comparar as respostas eletromiográficas dos músculos vasto lateral (VL), reto femoral (RF) e bíceps femoral (BF) durante exercício de agachamento em três protocolos distintos de treinamento com pesos: a) métodos de cargas crescentes (12-10-8-6 repetições), b) método de cargas decrescentes (6-8-10-12 repetições); c) método de cargas constantes (4x9 repetições). Participaram do estudo 7 indivíduos saudáveis do sexo masculino (idade = 18 a 35 anos). Para a coleta dos sinais eletromiográficos, foram utilizados eletrodos bipolares ativos colocados nos músculos VL, RF e BF do lado dominante do voluntário, como sugere a padronização do SENIAN. Para a análise estatística a ANOVA One-way foi utilizada para comparar o valor médio da root mean square (RMS) e frequência mediana (FM) nas quatro séries para cada músculo analisado. A ANOVA Two-way foi utilizada para comparar a RMS e a FM dos músculos VL, RF e BF nas quatro séries dos três protocolos. O post-hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado para a localização das diferenças quando apontadas pela ANOVA. O nível de significância adotado para todas as análises foi de p<0,05. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as séries 1, 3 e 4 do protocolo 1 quando comparado com o protocolo 2 (p<0,05). Observou-se também diferença significativa entre a série 1 do protocolo 2 e sua série correspondente do protocolo 3 e entre a série 4 do protocolo 3 quando comparada com a série 4 do protocolo 1. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os valores médios das quatro séries de cada protocolo de treinamento. Conclui-se que o padrão de recrutamento e ativação dos músculos VL, RF e BF são iguais para os protocolos de cargas crescentes, decrescentes e contínuas / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic responses of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoralis (RF) and biceps femoralis (BF) during squatting exercise at three different protocols of weight training: 1) protocol of increasing loads (12-10-8-6 repetitions); 2) protocol of decreasing loads (6-8-10-12 repetitions); 3) protocol of constant loads (4x9 repetitions). Seven healthy male subjects were included into the study (age range: 18-35 years). To evaluate the electromyographic signal, active bipolar electrodes were placed in the muscles VL, RF and LF on the dominant side of the volunteer, as suggested by the standardization of SENIAN. For statistical analyses, One-way ANOVA was used to compare the root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) in four series for each muscle examined. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the RMS and MF of VL, RF and LF muscles in the four series of three protocols. The post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to locate the differences when indicated by ANOVA. The level of significance for all tests was 5%. Significant differences were observed between first, third and fourth series of Protocol 1 when compared with protocol 2 (p <0.05). We also observed a significant difference between the first series of protocol 2 and its corresponding series of protocol 3. Finally, significant differences were found between the third and fourth series of protocol 3, compared with the fourth series of Protocol 1. However, there were no differences between mean values of the four series of each training protocol. We conclude that the pattern of recruitment and activation of muscles VL, RF and LF are the same when using training protocols of increasing, decreasing or constant loads / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:14:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fontes_EduardoBodnariuc_D.pdf: 9503115 bytes, checksum: ace5f37f3ad02cc8337e62c4be60c8b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente trabalho buscou um maior entendimento da formação da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) durante esforços exaustivos. Dessa forma, o primeiro estudo verificou as associações da atividade muscular (EMG) com a PSE, bem como a determinação do limiar de esforço percebido (LEP) e de fadiga neuromuscular (LFN). Esse estudo analisou 11 adultos jovens durante testes de carga constante até a exaustão voluntária máxima com monitoramento constante de PSE e EMG. A taxa de aumento dessas variáveis (EMGslope e PSEslope) foram significativamente correlacionados e inversamente associados ao tempo de exaustão. LEP e LFN e não se diferiram significativamente. Assim, indicamos a estreita relação do recrutamento adicional de fibras com o aumento da PSE. O segundo estudo foi realizado durante estágio no exterior (sanduíche) na África do Sul no ano de 2009. Nesse trabalho, foi analisado os efeitos da diminuição de oferta de oxigênio (hipóxia) sobre variáveis centrais e periféricas e suas associações com PSE. Seis ciclistas realizaram testes exaustivos de carga constante em normoxia e hipóxia com contínua aquisição de respostas de PSE, EMG e oxigenação muscular (MOX) e cerebral (COX). Foi demonstrado que na condição hipóxia ocorre um significativo aumento sobre PSE em seus diferentes modos (local, respiração e geral), EMG e COX, mas não em MOX. Os slopes de PSE e valores finais de COX foram relacionados ao desempenho em normóxia, no entanto ainda maiores foram apresentados em hipóxia. Além disso, COX foi ainda significativamente relacionada RPE local em normóxia e novamente, hipóxia exerceu efeitos maiores nessas associações, mas dessa vez para todos os modos de PSE. No terceiro estudo, foram utilizado os mesmos dados do estudo anterior para verificamos os possíveis efeitos de hipóxia ao estimarmos LEP de maneira diferenciada (local, respiração e geral) e LFN pelo mesmo protocolo. Todos os modos de LEP diminuíram significativamente sob hipóxia, com maiores efeitos sobre LEP local. Já LFN não respondeu aos efeitos da condição experimental. Dessa forma, expandiu-se a utilização de LEP para altitudes moderadas e foi apresentado uma nova forma de predizer capacidade aeróbia referente aos membros envolvidos e respiração, além de PET para o corpo como um todo. Associando os achados dos estudos, podemos inferir a estreita relação de respostas periféricas e centrais sobre a formação de PSE, senda essas fortalecidas em condições de diminuídas ofertas de oxigênio. Mais adiante, essas associações justificam a ampliação de utilização prática de PSE, podendo ser para o exercício de alta intensidade ou monitoramento localizado da capacidade aeróbia / Abstract: The present study aimed to bring better understanding of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exhaustive exercise. Thus, the first study verified the associations of the neuromuscular responses (EMG) with RPE, as well as the determination of the perceived exertion threshold (PET) and neuromuscular fatigue threshold (NFT). Eleven adults performed exhaustive constant-load tests with RPE and EMG recordings. The rate of increase of these variables (EMGslope e RPEslope) were significantly related and associated to performance. Além disso, PET and NFT did not differed. Therefore, it was shown the close relationship of the additional muscle recruitment and RPE. The second study was completed during the international internship in South Africa in 2009. At this investigation, were demonstrated the effects of decreased fraction of inspired oxygen (hypoxia) on central and peripheral responses, as well their relationship with RPE. Six trained cyclists completed exhaustive constant-load tests under normoxia and hypoxia having continuously monitoring of RPE, EMG and cerebral (COX) and muscle (MOX) oxygenation. It was shown that under hypoxia there is a significant increase for all RPE modes (legs, breathing and overall), EMG and COX, but not MOX. The RPE slopes and end values for COX were related to performance under normoxia, however higher associations were found under hypoxia. In addition, COX was significantly related to RPE for legs under normoxia, but again, hypoxia exert higher effects on this association, but this time to all RPE modes. During the third study, the data from last investigation was used to verify the possible effects of hypoxia when estimating differentiated PET (legs, breathing and overall) and NFT during same protocol. All PET modes decrease significantly under hypoxia, with higher effects of PET legs, however, NFT estimation was not affects by this experimental condition. Thus, PET's used was expanded to moderated altitudes and presented a new method to predict aerobic capacity associated to active limbs and breathing, in addition to whole body PET. Associating the studies' findings it is possible to conclude that there is a strict relationship of peripheral and central responses to RPE construct, being this sthrengthed by decreased oxygen availability. Furthermore, these relationship justifies the practical use RPE, as for prescription of high intensity exercise or localized monitoring of aerobic capacity / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física

Orientador: Roberta Gonçalves Silva / Banca: Luciana Pinato / Banca: Kátia Flores Genaro / Resumo: Introdução: As propostas terapêuticas para disfagia orofaríngea incluem ampla variedade de técnicas. São frequentes as adaptações na consistência e no volume do alimento, manobras posturais de cabeça e voluntárias de deglutição e, recentemente, treino com exercício expiratório. Estudos anteriores mostraram o efeito do exercício expiratório em parte da musculatura envolvida na deglutição com consequente aumento na elevação da laringe, sugerindo impacto na biomecânica da deglutição. Objetivo: comparar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos supra-hioideos e músculo orbicular da boca durante o exercício expiratório com diferentes dispositivos. Método: estudo clínico transversal observacional prospectivo. Participaram deste estudo 10 adultos jovens saudáveis, seis do gênero feminino e quatro masculino, com faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (média de idade de 33 anos). O exercício expiratório foi realizado com três dispositivos diferentes (Respiron®, canudo e Expiratory Muscle Strenght Trainning - EMST) mediante randomização. A atividade muscular dos músculos supra-hioideos e músculo orbicular da boca foi avaliada por meio de eletromiografia de superfície. Os achados eletromiográficos foram registrados durante o exercício expiratório e comparados entre os dispositivos por meio do teste estatístico ANOVA One Way. Resultados: Foi possível observar que o exercício expiratório com os dispositivos estudados ativou os músculos avaliados sem diferença estatística significante (p<0,05). Con... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Therapeutic proposals for oropharyngeal dysphagia include a wide variety of techniques. Adjustments in food consistency and volume, postural head maneuvers and voluntary swallowing, and, recently, training with expiratory exercise are frequent. Previous studies have shown the effect of expiratory exercise on part of the musculature involved in swallowing with laryngeal elevation and suggesting an impact on the biomechanics of swallowing. Purpose: To compare the electromyographic activity of the suprahyoid and upper orbicularis oris muscle during expiratory exercise with different devices. Method: Prospective observational cross-sectional clinical study. Ten healthy young adults, six females and four males, aged 20-39 years (mean age 33 years) participated in this study. The expiratory exercise was performed with three different devices (Respiron®, tube, and Expiratory Muscle Strength Trainning - EMST) by randomization. The muscular activity of the suprahyoid muscles and orbicularis muscle of the mouth was evaluated by means of surface electromyography. The electromyographic findings were recorded during the expiratory exercise and compared between the devices by means of the ANOVA One Way statistical test. Results: It was possible to observe that the proposed exercises activated the evaluated muscles and there was no significant difference (p <0.05) between the electromyographic activities recorded during the use of the different devices. Conclusion: The different devices used for expiratory exercise also activate the suprahyoid muscles and orbicularis oris muscle. / Mestre

Orientador: Wilkens Aurelio Buarque e Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T15:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micelli_AnaLigiaPiza_D.pdf: 5660612 bytes, checksum: f3cc34271dde27dc2ad728214c2cdf07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O conceito das desordens temporomandibulares (DTM), as define como um conjunto de alterações articulares e musculares na região orofacial, caracterizados principalmente por dor, ruídos nas articulações temporomandibulares (ATM) e alteração da função mandibular, podendo estar associada as alterações cervicais oriundas das Desordens Crânio Cervicais. Estudos eletromiográficos demonstraram que mudanças na posição de cabeça podem alterar o padrão de atividade dos músculos da mastigação e a posição da mandíbula. Em função destes aspectos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos supra-­? hioideos, esternocleidomastoide, trapézio, temporal anterior e masseter em 15 voluntários desdentados totais, com dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO) baixa, portadores de DTM submetidos a terapia com aparelhos oclusais planos, que foram tratados de acordo com o protocolo clínico do CETASE (Centro de Estudos e Tratamento das Alterações Funcionais do Sistema Estomatognático) da FOP -­? Unicamp. As avaliações eletromiográficas foram realizadas simultânea e bilateralmente, no período inicial e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de tratamento, com a mandíbula nas posições de repouso e fechamento isométrico com resistência do aparelho. Os resultados demonstraram na posição de repouso um aumento significante na atividade eletromiográfica do músculo esternocleidomastoideo direito, quando comparados os períodos inicial e após 60 e 90 dias (p=0,03), e nos músculos trapézio médio direito após 60 dias (p=0,03), e esquerdo, após 90 dias de tratamento (p=0,04).Na situação de fechamento isométrico com resistência resultados significantes foram encontrados para as atividades eletromiográficas dos músculos supra-­?hioideos direito (p=0,04) e trapézio médio direito (p=0,04) e esquerdo (p=0,02), após 90 dias de tratamento. Uma correlação significante pôde ser observada quando comparamos bilateralmente todos os músculos avaliados, nas duas situações (p<0,05). Após a terapia com aparelhos oclusais planos ocorreu uma equalização funcional significativa na atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos cervicais e supra-­?hioideos, podendo sugerir que a alteração na posição mandibular influencia na atividade elétrica dos músculos cervicais / Abstract: The concept of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), define them as a set of joint and muscle disorders in the orofacial region, mainly characterized by pain, noise in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and altered mandibular function, and may be associated with cervical changes arising from Cranio Cervical Disorders. Electromyographic studies have shown that changes in head position can change the pattern of the mastication muscles activities and the jaw position. Based on these aspects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the supra-­?hyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, anterior temporal and masseter in 15 edentulous volunteers with low vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), TMD treated with plan occlusal splints according to the clinical protocol of CETASE (Center for Studies and Treatment of Functional Changes of the Stomatognathic System) FOP -­? Unicamp. The electromyographic evaluations were performed simultaneously and bilaterally, before the beginning of the treatment and at 30, 60 and 90 days of treatment, with the jaw at rest position and isometric closure with resistance of the splint. The results showed in the jaw rest position a significant increase in electromyographic activity of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle, when comparing the initial period and after 60 and 90 days (p = 0.03), and right medium trapezius muscles after 60 days (p = 0.03), and left medium trapezius muscles, after 90 days of treatment (p=0.04). Related to isometric closure with resistance significant results were found for the electromyographic activity of the right suprahyoid muscles (p=0.04) and right (p=0.04) and left middle trapezius (p=0.02) at 90 days after treatment. A significant correlation was observed when comparing bilaterally all muscles in both conditions (p<0.05). After the plan occlusal splint therapy, there was a significant functional equalization of the electromyographic activity of neck and suprahyoid muscles, suggesting that changes in mandible position can influence the electrical activity of cervical muscles / Doutorado / Protese Dental / Doutora em Clínica Odontológica