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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Investigation Of Cytocidal Effect Of K5 Type Yeast Killer Protein On Sensitive Microbial Cells

Sertkaya, Abdullah 01 September 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Some yeasts secrete polypeptide toxins, which are lethal to other sensitive yeast cells, gram-positive pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Therefore these are designated as killer toxins. Killer toxins are suggested as potent antimicrobial agents especially for the protection of fermentation process against contaminating yeasts, biological control of undesirable yeasts in the preservation of foods. Moreover they are promising antimicrobial agents in the medical field / due to immune system suppressing diseases like AIDS, there is an increase in the incidence of fungal diseases and current antimycotics have low selectivity and severe side effects. In this study our aim was to explain the cytocidal effect and enzymatic properties of K5 type yeast killer protein, which is secreted by Pichia anomala NCYC 434 cells, and known to have a broad range of killing spectrum. Competitive inhibition of the toxin with cell wall polysaccharides showed that primary binding site of toxin is &amp / #946 / -1,3-glucans of sensitive cells. Toxin showed exo-&amp / #946 / -1,3-glucanase activity which causes loss of cell wall rigidity leading cell death. Km and Vmax were found to be 0,3 mg/ml and 372,3 &micro / mol/min/mg for laminarin hydrolysis. The toxin exerted its cytocidal effect after 2 h contact with the target cells. Toxin production was found to be dependent on &amp / #946 / -1,3-glucan content of the media. Toxin activity was completely inhibited by Hg+2 ,while several metal ions and DTT increased the activity to different extends. Our findings revealed the characteristics of K5 type killer toxin which will help for its possible uses in near future.
2

Eficiência de indutores no manejo integrado de Meloidogyne spp. e Pratylenchus zeae em cana-de-açúcar

GUIMARÃES, Lílian Margarete Paes 27 February 2007 (has links)
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-20T12:45:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Margarete Paes Guimaraes.pdf: 603330 bytes, checksum: b3b0fa1dea1a523d8a31a3f1c86a9715 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T12:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Margarete Paes Guimaraes.pdf: 603330 bytes, checksum: b3b0fa1dea1a523d8a31a3f1c86a9715 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production in Northeastern Brazil is low when compared to other producing regions in the country. Among the main diseases in the fields those caused by nematodes are pointed out due to high incidence and costs. Under this point of view, four experiments were carried out for more economic, efficient and environmental sound control alternatives. The first experiment evaluated methyl jasmonate, potassium silicate and Ecolife 40® efficiency, in association or not with systemic nematicide, for integrated nematode management in sugarcane. The experiment was carried out under a split plot in completely randomized block design in a nematode naturally infested area. At planting it was evaluated nematode densities in soil; and 3, 6, and 12 months later in soil and roots. Shoots number and productive and industrial variables were evaluated at 3 and 12 months, respectively. There was significant reduction on Meloidogyne spp. density in soil in plots with inducer in association or not with nematicide, and significant correlation between root-knot nematodes and Pratylenchuszeae. Other nematodes in field were not affected by inducers or nematicide. All productive and industrial variables were not affected also, except shoot and stalk numbers, significantly higher than the control in plots with Ecolife 40® and any inducer, respectively. In the second experiment it was evaluated under greenhouse methyl jasmonate and potassiumsilicate effect on M. incognita parasitism in sugarcane variety RB863129 and the peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activity elicited. The effect of Methyl jasmonate and potassium silicate did not affect shoot biomass. Methyl jasmonate and potassium silicate significantly decreased eggs number per gram of roots. Seven days after application, both inducers affected β-glucanase activity in inoculated plants and, at 14 and 21 days, inducerspromoted significant variations in peroxidase e β-1,3-glucanase levels, although, inversely to peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase activity did not differ between inoculated and non inoculated plants. The third experiment evaluated under greenhouse the effect of methyl jasmonate and potassium silicate, in different applications, on sugarcane development under P. zeae naturally infested soil. Experimental design was completely randomized with 10 treatments and five replicates, using the nematicide carbofuran and untreated plants as the controls. Inducers did not affect (P>0.05) height and biomass of the plants neither P. zeae density in soil and root, 100 days after transplanting, differing from nematicide which reduced (P≤0.05) nematode density in soil and root. The fourth experiment evaluated methyl jasmonate and potassium silicate effect on M. incognita parasitism in two sugarcane varieties RB867515 and RB92579, under greenhouse. Inducers effect on nematodes depended on sugarcane variety. Methyl jasmonate and potassium silicate did not affect shoot biomass in RB867515. Methyl jasmonate significantly decreased M. incognita eggs in RB867515, and potassium silicate in RB867515 and RB92579, although bothsignificantly decreased eggs number per gram of roots in RB867515. / A produção de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) no Nordeste do Brasil é baixa quando comparada a outras regiões produtoras no país. As fitonematoses se destacam entre as principais doenças, devido à alta incidência e aos elevados custos para o controle. Dessa forma quatro experimentos foram conduzidos buscando alternativas mais eficientes, econômicas e de menor impacto ambiental. O primeiro experimento avaliou a eficiência do metil jasmonato, silicato de potássio e Ecolife 40® aplicados isoladamente ou em associações com nematicida sistêmico em cana-de-açúcar variedade RB863129, em condições de campo. No solo, houve diminuição significativa da densidade populacional de Meloidogyne spp. nas parcelas que receberam indutores isoladamente ou em associações com nematicida, ocorrendo correlação significativa entre as densidades populacionais do parasito com Pratylenchus zeae. Os demais fitonematóides detectados não foram afetadospelos tratamentos, como também não foram todas as variáveis produtivas e industriais avaliadas, exceto o número de perfilhos e de colmos, significativamente maior do que a testemunha nas plantas com Ecolife 40® e com qualquer indutor, respectivamente. O segundo estudo avaliou o efeito de metil jasmonato e silicato de potássio sobre o parasitismo de M. incognita na variedade RB863129 de cana-de-açúcar e a atividade enzimática da peroxidase e β-1,3-glucanase elicitada, em condições de casa de vegetação. Metil jasmonato diminuiu significativamente o número de ovos por grama de raiz, mas não afetou à biomassa da parte aérea da planta. Sete dias após a aplicação, os dois indutores afetaram a atividade de β-glucanase na plantas parasitadas e, aos 14 e 21 dias, promoveram variações significativas nos níveis de peroxidase e β-1,3-glucanase, muito embora, ao contrário da peroxidase, a atividade da β-1,3-glucanase não tenha diferido entre plantasinoculadas e não inoculadas. No terceiro trabalho avaliou-se o efeito de metil jasmonato e silicato de potássio, em diferentes aplicações sobre a densidade populacional de P. zeae em solo naturalmente infestado cultivado com cana-de-açúcar e o desenvolvimento da cultura, em condições de casa de vegetação. Os indutores não afetaram (P>0,05) a altura e biomassa das plantas, nem a densidade populacional de P. zeae no solo e na raiz, 100 dias após o transplantio, diferindo do nematicida que reduziu (P≤0,05) o nível populacional do nematóide no solo e raiz. O quarto estudo avaliou o efeito de metil jasmonato e silicato de potássio sobre o parasitismo de M. incognita em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar RB867515 e RB92579 em condições de casa de vegetação. O efeito dos indutores sobre o nematóide dependeu da variedade de cana-de-açúcar estudada. Metil jasmonato e silicato de potássio não afetaram à biomassa da parte aérea da variedade RB867515. Metiljasmonato diminuiu significativamente o número de ovos de M. incognita por planta em RB867515, e o silicato de potássio em RB867515 e RB92579, ambos reduziram significativamente o número de ovos por grama de raiz em RB867515.
3

Avaliação de indutores de resistência biótico, abiótico e extratos vegetais no controle de Meloidogyne incognita em tomateiro / Evaluation of resistance inductors biotic, abiotic and plant extracts for the control of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants

Formentini, Heloísa Maria 31 August 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloisa_Maria_Formentini_tese.pdf: 1264963 bytes, checksum: d416be804a86c6ba7273d6aacedf8878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Brazil, the tomato is one of the vegetable species of great importance both economically and socially, however several factors are limiting its production as an example the diseases caused by nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne that limit the production in infested areas. Seeking new measures of protection and control of plant disease induced resistance is na alternative considerering that little attention has been directed to the possibility of induced resistance to root pathogens like nematodes. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the chemical inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl, the biotic inductor Bacillus cereus and plant extracts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) in the induced resistance in susceptible and resistant tomato in plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita race 3. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously both followed the 2 x 6 factorial design with two tomato genotypes, one susceptible to M. incognita (Santa Clara) and a resistant (Ivety) and six treatments: ASM (125 mg i.a L -1 ), Bacillus cereus (6.10 7 CFU mL -1 ), rosemary 10%, turmeric 10%, water and a control (no inoculum and no spraying in the aerial part), with five replicates. Each vase with a capacity of 2 L, were filled with a mixture of soil, sand and compost previously autoclaved and homogenized in the ratio 2:2:1 and were transplanted to each one three tomato seedlings susceptible and resistant. The treatments were sprayed in the aerial part in tomato plants in all vases except the absolute control. At 72 h after the first application of treatments was carried out the inoculation of 407/100 cm 3 of J2 and eggs per vase. In the first experiment, using destructive samples of tomato treated and inoculated with M. incognita were determined the response of both genotypes to the treatments applied to the enzymatic activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, chitinase, β-1,3 glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from roots of tomato plants that were macerated and homogenized to withdrawals in time 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h and 120 h after the first application of the treatments. In the second experiment, the variables analyzed to determine the effect of treatments on nematode population were the number of root-knots, juveniles and eggs in the soil accomplished at 56 days after the first application of the treatments that were reapplied every seven days during this period. From the results obtained it was concluded that there was a reduction in the number of root-knots in the roots of tomato plants showing no difference between the two genotypes for plants that received the treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl, turmeric, rosemary and B. cereus. There was a reduction in the formation of root-knots in susceptible cultivar, confirming their potential in protecting the genotypes used against the attack of M. incognita. For the enzimatic activity peroxidase was the enzyme strongly associated with resistance with the highest activity in resistant genotype if compared to susceptible regardless of inducer treatment. In susceptible tomato B. cereus stood out in the induction of chitinase and peroxidase whereas for the resistant tomato rosemary induced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and rosemary extracts and turmeric induced chitinase enzyme to the susceptible genotype / No Brasil o tomate é uma das espécies de hortaliças de grande importância tanto no ponto de vista econômico quanto social, no entanto vários fatores são limitantes para sua produção como exemplo as doenças causadas por fitonematoides principalmente as espécies do gênero Meloidogyne que inviabilizam a produção nas áreas infestadas. Buscando novas medidas de proteção e controle de doenças de plantas a indução de resistência é uma alternativa haja vista que pouca atenção tem sido direcionada a possibilidade de indução de resistência à patógenos do sistema radicular como os fitonematoides. Assim este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a eficácia do indutor químico acibenzolar-S-metil, do indutor biótico Bacillus cereus e de extratos vegetais de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) e cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) na indução de resistência em tomateiros suscetível e resistente infectados com Meloidogyne incógnita raça 3. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos simultaneamente ambos seguiram o esquema fatorial 2 x 6 com dois genótipos de tomateiro um suscetível à M. incognita (Santa Clara) e um resistente (Ivety) e seis tratamentos: ASM (125 mg i.a L -1 ), Bacillus cereus (6.10 7 UFC mL -1 ), alecrim 10%, cúrcuma 10%, água e uma testemunha absoluta (sem inóculo e sem pulverização na parte aérea), com cinco repetições. Cada vaso, com capacidade para 2 L, foram preenchidos com a mistura de solo, areia e composto orgânico previamente autoclavados e homogeneizados na proporção 2:2:1 e para cada vaso foram transplantados três mudas de tomateiro suscetível e resistente. Os tratamentos foram pulverizados na parte aérea dos tomateiros em todos os vasos com exceção da testemunha absoluta. Às 72 h após a primeira aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada a inoculação de 407/100 cm 3 de J2 e ovos por vaso. No primeiro experimento, utilizando amostras destrutivas de tomateiros tratados e inoculados com M. incognita foram determinadas a resposta dos dois genótipos aos tratamentos aplicados para a atividade enzimática das enzimas peroxidase, polifenoloxidase, quitinase, β-1,3 glucanase e fenilalanina amônia-liase a partir do macerado homogeneizado das raízes dos tomateiros para o tempo de coleta 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h e 120 h após a aplicação dos tratamentos. No segundo experimento, as variáveis analisadas para determinar o efeito dos tratamentos sobre a população do nematoide foram o número de galhas, juvenis e ovos presentes no solo realizado aos 56 dias após a primeira aplicação dos tratamentos que foram reaplicados a cada sete dias durante este período. A partir dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que houve uma redução no número de galhas no sistema radicular dos tomateiros não apresentando diferença entre os dois genótipos para as plantas que receberam os tratamentos com acibenzolar-S-metil, cúrcuma, alecrim e Bacillus cereus. Houve uma redução na formação de galhas na cultivar suscetível, confirmando seu potencial na proteção dos genótipos utilizados contra o ataque do M. incognita. Para a atividade enzimática a peroxidase foi a enzima que esteve fortemente associada à resistência com a atividade superior no genótipo resistente em relação ao suscetível independentemente do tratamento indutor. No tomateiro suscetível o B. cereus destacou-se na indução de peroxidase e quitinase enquanto que para o tomateiro resistente o alecrim induziu peroxidase e polifenoloxidase e os extratos de alecrim e cúrcuma induziram a enzima quitinase para o genótipo suscetível

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