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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

Growth of anodic alumina nanopores and titania nanotubes and their applications

Chen, Bo 07 January 2013 (has links)
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopores are excellent templates to fabricate different nanostructures. However, the pores are limited to a hexagonal arrangement with a domain size of a few micrometers.  In this dissertation, focused ion beam (FIB) is used to create pre-patterned concaves to guide the anodization. Due to the advantage of FIB lithography, highly ordered AAO arrays with different arrangements, alternating diameters, and periodic pore densities are successfully achieved. Anodization window to fabricate ordered AAO is enlarged due to the FIB pre-pattern guidance. AAO has also been successfully used as a template to nanoimprint prepolymer to synthesize vertically aligned and high aspect ratio h-PDMS nanorod arrays with Moiré pattern arrangements. The formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes is proposed in this dissertation. Moreover, FIB pre-pattern guided anodization is introduced to synthesize highly ordered TiO₂ nanotubes with different morphologies. The effects of inter-tube distance and arrangement to the structure of TiO₂ nanotubes are investigated. TiO2 nanotubes with branched and bamboo-type structures are achieved by adjusting anodization voltage. The influence of patterned concave depth and surface curvature on the growth of TiO₂ nanotubes and AAO are studied. The efficiency of TiO₂ nanotubes in supercapacitors and photoelectrochemical water splitting are optimized by enlarging surface area and increasing electrical conductivity. Focused ion beam can not only create concave arrays to guide the electrochemical anodization, but also be used for nanoscale sculpting and 3D analysis. When the TiO₂ nanotube surface is bombarded by FIB, there is a mass transfers due to ion-induced viscous flow and sputter milling, thus the TiO₂ nanotubes are selectively closed and opened. By combining FIB cutting and SEM imaging to create a series of 2D cross section SEM images, 3D reconstruction can be obtained by stacking SEM images together. This 3D reconstruction offers an opportunity to directly and quantitatively observe the pore evolution to understand the sintering process. / Ph. D.
332

Mechanics of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

Dibelka, Jessica Anne 27 April 2013 (has links)
The appeal of hybrid composites is the ability to create materials with properties which normally do not coexist such as high specific strength, stiffness, and toughness. One possible application for hybrid composites is as backplate materials in layered armor. Fiber reinforced composites have been used as backplate materials due to their potential to absorb more energy than monolithic materials at similar to lower weights through microfragmentation of the fiber, matrix, and fiber-matrix interface. Composite backplates are traditionally constructed from graphite or glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. However, continuous alumina fiber-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) have superior specific transverse and specific shear properties than epoxy composites. Unlike the epoxy composites, MMCs have the ability to absorb additional energy through plastic deformation of the metal matrix. Although, these enhanced properties may make continuous alumina reinforced MMCs advantageous for use as backplate materials, they still exhibit a low failure strain and therefore have low toughness. One possible solution to improve their energy absorption capabilities while maintaining the high specific stiffness and strength properties of continuous reinforced MMCs is through hybridization. To increase the strain to failure and energy absorption capability of a continuous alumina reinforced Nextel" MMC, it is laminated with a high failure strain Saffil® discontinuous alumina fiber layer. Uniaxial tensile testing of hybrid composites with varying Nextel" to Saffil® reinforcement ratios resulted in composites with non-catastrophic tensile failures and an increased strain to failure than the single reinforcement Nextel" MMC. The tensile behavior of six hybrid continuous and discontinuous alumina fiber reinforced MMCs are reported, as well as a description of the mechanics behind their unique behavior. Additionally, a study on the effects of fiber damage induced during processing is performed to obtain accurate as-processed fiber properties and improve single reinforced laminate strength predictions. A stochastic damage evolution model is used to predict failure of the continuous Nextel" fabric composite which is then applied to a finite element model to predict the progressive failure of two of the hybrid laminates. / Ph. D.
333

Development of internal pressure monitoring system for control of explosive spalling in refractory castables

Hipps, DeForrest Lovell January 1982 (has links)
During the initial heating of hydraulically bonded castable refractories, dehydration of cement phases causes build-up of high levels of internal steam pressure. If this pressure exceeds material strength, explosive spalling results. A probe capable of measuring internal steam pressures"in-situ" has been developed and tested. Correlation of cement calorimetry and pressure data suggests that castable heating schedules can be modified to reduce explosive spalling. / Master of Science
334

Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of fly ash removal from aqueous systems: adsorption of alginate to silica and alumina

Eltaboni, F., Singh, Sehaj, Swanson, L., Swift, Thomas, Almalki, A.S.A. 09 August 2022 (has links)
Yes / Fly ash is a toxic industrial waste, mainly consisting of silica and alumina particles, that has been found discharged into the environment. It is proposed that alginate, a naturally occurring biopolymer, can bind to these minerals and thus play a role in water purification. The binding forces involved in this process consist of weak interactions, such as van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions. Although the attachment of alginate to mineral surfaces is mainly governed by its carboxylate groups, hydroxyl moieties could play a role in the interaction between the polymer and minerals. This work aims to use the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles as models for fly ash and to show the use of alginate biopolymers (fluorescently labelled with an aminonaphthaline sulfonate fluorophore (AmNS)) to coagulate them. The addition of simple electrolytes like NaCl and CaCl2 encourages the coiling of the polymer chain at high pH values which has an effect on its capability to bind to the inorganic particles. A combination of fluorescence and ICP-MS demonstrated that alginate has a considerable adsorption affinity for Al2O3, whereas it attracts SiO2 weakly. The adsorption process is pH dependent: strong adsorption was observed at low pH values. The dependence of adsorption on the mineral (Al2O3 and SiO2) concentration was also examined under different pH conditions: the adsorption amount was observed to increase by increasing the solid concentration. Adsorption isotherms obtained at low and high mineral concentrations were found to be Henry in type.
335

Degradação de UHMWPE e de POM devido à ação tribológica contra aço inoxidável e alumina. / Degradation of UHMWPE and POM due to the tribological action against stainless steel and alumina.

Silva, Carlos Henrique da 01 July 2003 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o efeito da carga normal aplicada, da velocidade de deslizamento, do acabamento superficial e do tipo de contra-corpo, na degradação dos materiais poliméricos POM e UHMWPE, resultante do contato deslizante contra corpos rígidos. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de desgaste em um tribômetro do tipo pino-contra-disco, com os pinos de materiais poliméricos e os discos de alumina e aço inoxidável. Nos ensaios de desgaste, utilizou-se 3 valores de carga, 3 velocidades de deslizamento e 3 níveis de acabamento superficial do contra-corpo. Para cada condição de ensaio, foram realizadas 3 repetições. Durante os ensaios, foram monitoradas a temperatura na interface dos materiais, a força de atrito e a posição vertical do pino. O deslocamento vertical do pino devido ao desgaste foi utilizado para a determinação da taxa de desgaste do polímero. A distância percorrida pelos pinos sobre o disco foi de 3.500 metros. Os ensaios foram realizados em ambiente com umidade relativa controlada em 50 ± 5 %. As análises por microscopia eletrônica de varredura das superfícies de desgaste dos pinos e dos discos indicaram a ocorrência de três tipos de mecanismos de desgaste: a abrasão, a fadiga e a transferência de filme (adesão). Para analisar o comportamento do desgaste mediante as influências estudadas, um parâmetro de severidade global (PVR/DD) é proposto. No parâmetro PVR/DD, considerou-se a relação entre um fator mecânico (condição de pressão e velocidade, PV), um fator topográfico (rugosidade do contra-corpo, R) e um fator térmico (difusividade térmica dos materiais em contato, DD). Verificou-se que os níveis de desgaste dos materiais poliméricos são influenciados pela condição de severidade global do contato; entretanto, o efeito preponderante foi devido ao tipo de material do contracorpo. Como foi observado que o deslocamento vertical ocorre devido não somente ao desgaste, mas também à fluência do polímero, à atuação de diferentes mecanismos de desgaste e ao fenômeno da fusão, os resultados de cada material de polímero estudado foram organizados na forma de mapas em função da severidade global, salientando as regiões de atuação de cada fenômeno. / The present investigation aims to study the degradation of polymeric materials resulting from the sliding contact against rigid bodies. The effect of some tribological influences, such as the applied load, the sliding velocity, the surface roughness and the counter-face material, were investigated. Experimental sliding wear tests were performed through a pin-on-disc tribometer, with the pins of polymeric material and the discs of alumina and stainless steel. The testing conditions of the wear tests encompassed three values of load (normal pressure) and three values of sliding velocity, or PV values, and three ranges of disc surface roughness. Three tests were performed in each condition. The interface temperature between the specimens, the friction force and the vertical position of the pin were monitored along the tests. The vertical displacement of the pin, resulting from the wear, was used for the determination of the polymer wear rate. The total sliding distance was of 3,500 meters. During the tests, the relative humidity of the environment was controlled to 50 ± 5 %. Analyses on the worn surfaces of pins and discs performed through scanning electronic microscopy indicated the occurrence of three wear mechanisms: abrasion (scratches), fatigue (waves) and adhesion (transfer film). In order to analyze the wear behavior of the polymer, a parameter of global severity of the contact (PVR/DD) was proposed. This parameter comprised a mechanical factor (the PV values), a topographic factor (the disc roughness) and a thermal factor (the thermal diffusivity of the materials in contact). It was possible to verify that the polymer wear depended on the level of global severity of the contact, where the major effect was due to the counterface material. It was also observed that the vertical displacement of the pin occurred not only due to the wear phenomena, but also due to the creep and the melting of the polymer, both depending on the testing condition. The creep and the melting phenomena were considered in the polymer degradation behavior, organizing the results of polymeric pin displacement in degradation maps, showing the boundaries of each observed phenomena, in function of the contact global severity.
336

Preparação e caracterização de cerâmica condutora iônica-&#946 &#34Na / Obtaining and characterization of ionic conductor ceramic &#946 &#34Na-alumina

Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de 20 July 1987 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudamos vários fatores que tem uma forte influência sobre o comportamento da alumina- &#946 &#34, um condutor iônico para íons de sódio com composição 8,85%Na2O+0,75%Li2O+90,40%Al2O3 (% em peso). O papel das impurezas freqüentemente encontradas na alumina-&#945 obtida pelo processo Bayer, tais como cálcio, silício e ferro, é estudado na alumina -&#946 &#34. Dopagem destas impurezas, separadas e em conjunto, na alumina-&#946 &#34 mostram a forte influência que exercem sobre a conversão de fase alumina - &#946 &#8594 &#946 &#34, condutividade iônica, resistência mecânica e microestrutura da alumina-&#946. Os resultados obtidos indicam claramente que a presença simultânea de cálcio e silício tem forte efeito negativo sobre as propriedades da alumina-&#946 &#34, devido à presença de uma nova fase intergranular. A presença simultânea de ferro, cálcio e silício deprimem a formação dessa fase causando um efeito positivo sobre as propriedades da alumina-&#946 &#34. O uso da técnica de redução carbotérmica do hidróxido de alumínio produz uma alumina-&945 com excelentes características para a preparação de alumina-&#946 &#34, que quando comparada à alumina-&#946 &#34 preparada com a alumina Baikowski, mostrou ser superior. A redução carbotérmica reduz consideravelmente os teores de impurificação da alumina pelo sódio, silício, cálcio e ferro, além de produzir uma alumina livre de aglomerados que conduz a uma melhor conversão de fase alumina -&#946 &#8594 &#946 &#34. A alumina obtida através da redução carbotérmica, além de possuir características desejáveis para a preparação da alumina-&#946 &#34, também é própria para outras aplicações especiais / The ionic conductor for sodium ions known as &#946 &#34 alumina with composition 8,85%Na2O+0,75%Li2O+90,40%Al2O3 (% wt), was studied considering the influence of several variables on its ceramic processing. The effect of impurities frequently found on the raw material used for the preparation of this ionic conductor such as silicon, calcium and iron were studied isolated and mixed together on such properties as phase conversion &#946 &#8594 &#946 &#34 - alumina, ionic conductivity, mechanical properties and microstructure. The results of the experiments clearly indicates that calcium and silicon generates a new phase when present simultaneously in the &#946 &#34 - alumina. This new phase, located at the grain boundary, has a strong negative effect on the ionic conductivity addition of iron destroys this new phase improving the properties of the impure material. The carbothermal reduction of the aluminum hydroxide gives a &#945- alumina that is excelent for &#946 &#34 - alumina preparation when compared with Baikowski alumina. The carbothermal reduction decreases the impurification of &#945-alumina as calcium, iron, silicon and sodium and a fine particle size distribution, without aggregates, that makes the phase conversion &#946 &#8594 &#946 &#34 -alumina very efficient due to a better distribution of the Li+ ion. The &#945 - alumina obtained by carbothermal reduction of the aluminum hydroxide is also adequate for others special applications of &#945 - alumina alone
337

Obtenção de cerâmicas porosas de alumina-zircônia pelo método da réplica recobertas com fosfato de cálcio / Obtaining porous alumina-zirconia ceramics by the calcium phosphate-coated replica method

Silva, André Diniz Rosa da 10 August 2017 (has links)
As cerâmicas porosas empregadas na substituição óssea, são utilizadas por apresentarem características como biocompatibilidade, ter estrutura tridimensional e apresentar alta porosidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi obter e caracterizar cerâmicas porosas de Al2O3 e Al2O3 contendo 5% em volume de inclusões de ZrO2, produzidas pelo método da réplica. Essas cerâmicas porosas tiveram sua superfície tratada quimicamente com ácido fosfórico e foram recobertos, com fosfato de cálcio usando o método biomimético, em solução de SBF 5X (Simulated Body Fluid) por um período de incubação de 14 dias. Após o recobrimento, algumas cerâmicas porosas foram tratadas quimicamente para incorporação do Sr2+. Em seguida foram caracterizadas morfologicamente e estruturalmente usando ensaios de compressão axial, porosidade aparente, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microtomografia de Raio X (µ-CT), difratometria de Raio X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Próximo (NIR), emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES), Energia Dispersiva de Raio-X (EDS) e por Ensaios biológicos utilizando cultura de células para análise de viabilidade celular. As cerâmicas porosas de alumina e alumina-zircônia apresentaram, respectivamente, porosidade aparente de 80,93 % e 78,82 %, resistência à compressão axial, 2,93 MPa e 6,59 MPa, além de uma ampla faixa de tamanho de poros de, desejáveis para o favorecimento de interesses biológicos destinados à regeneração e formação de tecido ósseo. O recobrimento biomimético usando SBF 5X produziu a formação das fases α-TCP, β-TCP, TTCP e Hidroxiapatita, usando período de incubação de 14 dias. A incorporação de Sr2+ na estrutura dos fosfatos mostrou-se mais eficientes nos corpos porosos de alumina-zircônia. Os ensaios in vitro mostraram a biocompatibilidade das cerâmicas porosas estudadas, demonstrando a possibilidade de sua utilização como material para substituição ou preenchimento ósseo. / The porous ceramics used in bone substitution are used because they present characteristics as biocompatibility, have a three - dimensional structure and have high porosity. In this sense, the objective of this work was to obtain and characterize porous ceramics of Al2O3 and Al2O3 containing 5% by volume of ZrO2 inclusions, produced by the replica method. These porous ceramics were chemically treated with phosphoric acid and were coated with calcium phosphate using the biomimetic method in 5X SBF solution (Simulated Body Fluid) for a 14 day incubation period. After coating, some porous ceramics were chemically treated for Sr2+ incorporation. They were then characterized morphologically and structurally using axial compression, apparent porosity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microtomography (µ-CT), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Near Infrared (NIR) Coupled (ICP-OES), X-ray Dispersive Energy (EDS) and Biological Assays using cell culture for cell viability analysis. The porous ceramics of alumina and alumina-zirconia showed, respectively, 80.93% and 78.82% apparent porosity, axial compression strength, 2.93 MPa and 6.59 MPa, as well as a wide range of pore size, desirable for the promotion of biological interests destined to the regeneration and formation of bone tissue. Biomimetic coated using SBF 5X produced the formation of α-TCP, β-TCP, TTCP and Hydroxyapatite phases using a 14-day incubation period. The incorporation of Sr2+ in the phosphate structure proved to be more efficient in porous alumina-zirconia bodies. The in vitro tests showed the biocompatibility of the porous ceramics studied, demonstrating the possibility of their use as material for bone replacement or filling.
338

Ultra-baixo coeficiente de atrito entre o par cerâmico Si3N4-Al2O3 em água. / Ultra-low friction coefficient between Si3N4-Al2O3 in water.

Ferreira, Vanderlei 08 September 2008 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foi investigado o comportamento tribológico dos pares cerâmicos aluminanitreto de silício no deslizamento em água e em uma suspensão de sílica coloidal em água (hidrosol). O objetivo foi verificar a possibilidade de atingir um coeficiente de atrito da ordem de unidades de milésimos, aqui chamado de ultra-baixo coeficiente de atrito (UBCA), verificar se a mudança do meio, de água para hidrosol, diminui o running-in do coeficiente de atrito, e verificar o efeito da variação da rugosidade inicial da alumina no comportamento do atrito. Os ensaios foram realizados na configuração de teste esferasobre- disco, no qual a esfera foi de nitreto de silício e o disco de alumina, sob carga normal de 54 N e velocidade de 1 m/s. A água utilizada nos ensaios foi destilada e deionizada, e a sílica coloidal amorfa, hidrofílica, sem porosidade e de tamanho médio de partícula de 12 nm foi a Aerosil® 200, e o hidrosol foi preparado com pH 8,5 num eletrólito de NaCl de 1 mM. A esfera de nitreto de silício, adquirida comercialmente, e a alumina, sinterizada em laboratório, foram caracterizadas quanto a densidade, as fases foram determinadas por difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varedura (MEV) observada em amostras ceramográficas atacadas. Algumas propriedades mecânicas como dureza, módulo de elasticidade e tenacidade à fratura foram determinadas. Duas condições de rugosidade dos discos de alumina foram utilizadas nos ensaios tribológicos, 350 nm e 10 nm RMS. Em todos os ensaios, em água, em hidrosol e independentemente da rugosidade inicial do disco o coeficiente de atrito no regime permanente apresentou pequena dispersão de valores de 0,002 a 0,006, e não foi possível estabelecer diferença entre elas. A menor rugosidade do disco de alumina acarretou menor desgaste e menor período de running-in de coeficiente de atrito, tanto em água quanto em hidrosol. Os ensaios em meio de hidrosol acarretaram menor desgaste das cerâmicas e apresentaram menor running-in de coeficiente de atrito, comparados aos ensaios com água. O disco de alumina apresentou menor desgaste do que a esfera de nitreto de silício, em todas as condições estudadas. Com a análise das perdas volumétricas, da rugosidade final das superfícies desgastadas, das curvas de coeficiente de atrito e das espessuras mínimas de filme lubrificante, calculadas com uso de modelo da literatura, foi possível relacionar a diminuição do desgaste e do running-in de coeficiente de atrito em meio de hidrosol, com a presença da sílica na superfície ou próxima dela. / In this work, the tribological behavior of the alumina-silicon nitride couple was investigated under water and hydrosol (colloidal silica suspensions in water) lubricated sliding. The purposes were to study how an ultra-low friction coefficient can be achieved and to analyze the effects of the environment, lubricant and alumina roughness changes on the friction behavior. Ball-on-disk tests with a normal load of 54 N and a sliding speed of 1 m/s were carried out, using a silicon nitride ball and an alumina disk. The water used as lubricant was distilled and deionized. The silica was amorphous colloidal and hydrophilic, without porous and with a 12 nm medium particle diameter, commercially named Aerosil ® 200. The hydrosol was obtained with a pH value of 8,5 and a 1mM NaCl electrolyte. To estimate the minimum film thickness, formed during the lubricated sliding tests, a theory model was used. The commercial silicon nitride balls and the alumina disks, which were conformed and sintered in laboratory, were characterized by density, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The mechanical properties such as hardness, Young modulus and fracture toughness were determined. The friction coefficient values obtained in the steady state regime showed low standard deviations (0,002 to 0,006) under all conditions. A shorter period of running-in was observed with the lower disk roughness, both in water and hydrosol lubrication. The hydrosol lubricated sliding produced a lower wear and friction running-in comparing with the tests under water lubrication. The alumina disk always showed lower wear than the silicon nitride ball. The volume loss, friction coefficients, worn surfaces roughness and minimum film thickness results suggest that the wear and friction coefficient running-in decrease was caused by the presence of silica on the sliding surfaces or on the near surface regions.
339

Caracterização física e elétrica de filmes dielétricos de Al2O3 e AlxHf1-xOy para estruturas high-k MOS. / Physical and electrical characterization of dielectric films of Al2O3 and AlxHf1-xOy to high-k MOS structures.

Verônica Christiano 27 March 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foram caracterizados eletricamente capacitores MOS com alumina (Al2O3) e aluminato de háfnio (AlxHf1-xOy) como dielétricos de porta, além disso, estes filmes dielétricos foram caracterizados fisicamente. A alumina foi obtida da oxidação anódica de filmes de alumínio evaporados sobre p-Si (100) através de imersão em ácido nítrico por 4 ou 6 min, para diferentes etapas de limpeza finais do substrato: solução diluída de ácido fluorídrico (DHF) ou solução de peróxido sulfúrico (SPM). Análises de retroespalhamento de Rutherford (RBS), espectroscopia por dispersão em energia (EDS) e espectroscopia por dispersão de comprimento de onda (WDS) indicam a formação da alumina estequiométrica, sendo que a difração de raios-X (XRD), mostrou o caráter amorfo do dielétrico. Por intermédio de curvas capacitância x tensão (CV) foram obtidas a espessura equivalente ao óxido de silício (EOT2,8nm), a densidade de estados de interface (Dit1,4x1011ev-1cm-2) e a permissividade elétrica da alumina (high-k10,6). A admitância associada à corrente de fuga em capacitores MOS foi modelada através de emissão por Frenkel-Poole, tunelamento por Fowler-Nordheim e/ou corrente de fuga constante. Os aluminatos de háfnio (AlxHf1-xOy) foram obtidos sobre p-Si (100), através de deposição atômica por camadas (ALD) para diferentes proporções molares de háfnio (25, 50 ou 75%) e para diferentes tratamentos posteriores (1000ºC, 60s em N2 ou N2+O2 ou laser). A espessura e a rugosidade foram obtidas com a ajuda da técnica de reflectometria de raios-X (XRR). A proporção molar de háfnio adotada no processo de obtenção dos filmes foi confirmada através de análises RBS e WDS. Por XRD, foi verificado o caráter amorfo e a separação de fases nos aluminatos e, por espalhamento de raios-X em ângulo-rasante e pequena abertura (GISAXS), foram analisadas as novas fases formadas. Por fim, da análise CV, foram obtidos EOT9,54nm, resistência série (Rs68,3) e a permissividade elétrica para o aluminato de háfnio (high-k15,2). Finalmente, uma modelagem da admitância associada à corrente de fuga em função da frequência foi proposta para as estruturas MOS. / In this work, MOS capacitors were electrically characterized using alumina (Al2O3) and hafnium aluminate (AlxHf1-xOy) as gate dielectrics; also, the same dielectrics films were physically characterized. Anodic alumina was obtained from oxidation of evaporated aluminum films immersed in nitric acid for 4 or 6 min for different last step cleanings of the p-Si (100) substrates: diluted hydrofluoric acid (DHF) or sulfur peroxide mixture (SPM). Rutherford Backscattering (RBS), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy (WDS) have shown the formation of stoichiometric alumina and the dielectric amorphous structure was revealed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). From Capacitance x Voltage curves (CV), it was obtained the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT2.8nm), interface trap density (Dit1.4x1011ev-1cm-2) and Al2O3 dielectric constant (high-k10.6). The admittance that represents the leakage process was modeled according to Frenkel-Poole emission, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and/or constant leakage admittance. Hafnium aluminates (AlxHf1-xOy) were obtained on (100) silicon wafer surfaces by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) for different hafnium molar ratios (25, 50 or 75%) and for different treatments (1000ºC, 60s in N2 or N2+O2 or laser). Thickness and roughness were extracted from X-Ray Reflectometry (XRR) spectra. The hafnium molar ratios used in ALD process were confirmed by RBS and WDS. XRD analysis was used to establish the amorphous structure and phase separation in the aluminates after thermal treatments and Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS) was used to analyze the new phases formed. From CV analysis, it was extracted EOT9.54nm, series resistance (Rs68.3) and dielectric constant from hafnium aluminate (high-k15.2). Finally, the admittance that represents the leakage was modeled in function of the frequency for the MOS structures.
340

Avaliação do recobrimento biomimétrico em compósitos de alumina-zircônia texturizadas superficialmente com laser de femtossegundo / Evaluation of biomimetic coating in zirconia-alumina composite textured surface with femtosecond laser

Amanda Abati Aguiar 15 March 2013 (has links)
O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência do tratamento superficial com laser de femtossegundo em amostras de alumina e compósito de alumina-zircônia estabilizada com ítria para depósito e aderência de apatita. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve a formação de apatita sobre as superfícies das amostras que foram texturizadas com laser de femtossegundo e em seguida imersa em 1,5 SBF. Este método biomimético pôde, por conseguinte, tornar estas cerâmicas bioativas. Também houve a formação de apatita na superfície das amostras sem o tratamento a laser. Os efeitos da texturização na superfície para as diferentes cerâmicas e a influência do tempo de imersão em 1,5 SBF são discutidos, a fim de determinar a condição ótima para estimular a deposição e a adesão da apatita na superfície dos materiais. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos das diferentes análises são comparados. A adesão da hidroxiapatita é essencial para interação com o substrato e depende das propriedades das superfícies dos materiais. A qualidade desta adesão influenciará sua morfologia e a capacidade futura de osseointegração. As características de superfície dependem da química de superfície, energia de superfície e topografia de superfície. Geralmente, a reatividade de superfície e energia de superfície pode ser influenciada pelas características de molhabilidade, influenciando o desempenho de biomateriais. A adesão e crescimento da apatita depositada também é função da rugosidade superficial. O tratamento superficial com laser de femtossegundo melhora consideravelmente a adesão da apatita obtida pelo recobrimento biomimético nas superfícies dos materiais. / The main objective of this work was to study the influence of femtosecond laser surface treatment on samples of alumina and composite of zirconia-alumina yttria stabilized for deposit and adhesion of apatite. The results showed that there was apatite formation on the surfaces of the samples that have been textured with femtosecond laser and then immersed in SBF 1.5. This biomimetic method can therefore make these bioactive ceramics. There was also the formation of apatite in the samples without laser treatment. The effects of texturing surface for the different ceramics and the influence of immersion time in SBF 1.5 are discussed in order to determine the optimal conditions to promote the deposition and the adhesion of the apatite in the material`s surface. Finally, the results of the different analyzes are compared. The adhesion of hydroxyapatite is essential for interaction with the substrate and depends on the properties of material´s surface. The quality of this adhesion will influence their morphology and the future ability of osseointegration. The surface characteristics depend on the surface chemical, surface energy and surface topography. Generally, the reactivity of surface and the energy of surface can be affected by wetting characteristics influencing the performance of biomaterials. The adhesion and growth of apatite deposited is also a function of surface roughness. The femtosecond laser surface treatment greatly improves the adhesion of apatite obtained by biomimetic coating on the surfaces of materials.

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