This thesis considered seven aspects of the relationship of the tragic hero with his world in the four major tragedies of Shakespear—Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and King Lear—and in four tragedies of Sophocles—Oedipus, Antigone, Ajax and Women of Trachis. All the plays with the exception of Women of Trachis, were found depicting a hero who represented his society and had freedom of choice and action, but whose mistaken view of himself and his role in life led to conflict with the cosmos, to rebellion and a trial by suffering which resulted in a kind of insanity, and finally to self-recognition through submission and purgation.The thesis also discussed Sophocles’ and Shakespeare’s concern with justice as reflected in their use of trial imagery, and Shakespear’s indebtedness to the classic chain of being concept and to the Platonic emphasis on reason and courage in a hero, or leader.

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The nature and extent of classical rhetoric's influence on subsequent ages has been the focus of much recent study. Scholars have been concerned with how classical authors, particularly Cicero and Quintilian, emerged in educational and rhetorical theories of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and later centuries. Despite this flurry of research, a great deal of Quintilian's enduring legacy remains unknown, particularly in seventeenth-century England. "Quintilian's Influence on Obadiah Walker," then, extends our knowledge of Quintilian's influence into the seventeenth century by looking at one seventeenth-century thinker in particular, Obadiah Walker. More specifically, this thesis compares and analyzes the authors' primary works: Quintilian's Institutio oratoria and Walker's Some Instructions Concerning the Art of Oratory and Of Education, Especially of Young Gentlemen. This study investigates Quintilian's and Walker's similarities and differences within three comparable areas: their educational systems, their theories and placement of rhetoric in their systems, and their educational purposes. Within these areas, this study questions how and to what extent did Walker appropriate Quintilian's ideas when crafting his two educational/rhetorical treatises? The comparison of the primary texts manifests some specific and general conclusions. There are two specific conclusions. First, Walker is heavily indebted to Quintilian; he liberally adopts and modifies Quintilian's ideas in nearly every facet of his works. Second, Walker offers a seventeenth-century student a digest and modern version of Quintilian's Institutio. Moreover, this study offers some general conclusions. First, it demonstrates that Quintilian's influence extends into the late seventeenth century, at least in the works of one writer of the era. Next, it argues that if Quintilian's treatise lost favor, at least it did not do so completely. And finally, it contributes another story to classical rhetoric's incomplete history. / Graduation date: 1996

Typescript / Errata slip inserted / Bibliography: leaves 360-385 / viii, 385 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1988

A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo das imagens simbólicas dos Sonetos de Shakespeare sob a luz das teorias modernas e contemporâneas do imaginário, mito e símbolo de autores como C.G.Jung, P. Ricoeur e G. Durand. Procura mostrar parte do processo criativo Shakespeareano identificando mitos pessoais, imagens recorrentes, assim como arquétipos e padrões arquetípicos presentes nos sonetos. Divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro, a Introdução, apresenta Shakespeare como poeta e resume algumas abordagens críticas e os problemas decorrentes que foram debatidos até então. Antecipa ainda, a discussão sobre a importância do imaginário do leitor no processo hermenêutico. O segundo capítulo, O imaginário e o imaginário de Shakespeare, divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, apresento os campos onde literatura, mito, e símbolo relacionam-se entre si, assim como a teoria da metáfora de P. Ricoeur. A segunda parte consiste em dados gerais do imaginário simbólico dos 154 sonetos, cuja base é uma versão moderna da edição de 1609 (conhecida como The Quarto), com a análise de dois sonetos (28,146) que funciona como modelo para as demais, integrantes do terceiro capítulo. Finalmente, o capítulo 3, A hermenêutica das imagens simbólicas dos sonetos de Shakespeare, traz o estudo propriamente dito, e apresenta as imagens recorrentes, arquétipos, padrões arquetípicos e mitos pessoais encontrados nos sonetos. A conclusão reflete a tentativa de mostrar a importância das imagens simbólicas para os Sonetos, assim como apontar formas através das quais os imaginários de autor e leitor misturam-se, gerando significação. / This thesis aims at studying the symbolical imagery of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in the light of modern theories on the imaginary, symbolism, and myth put forward by authors such as C.G. Jung, P. Ricoeur, and G. Durand. It attempts at showing a part of Shakespeare’s creative process by identifying personal myths, recurrent images, as well as archetypes and archetypal patterns inherent in the Sonnets. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents Shakespeare as a poet and summarizes some critical approaches and consequent problems that have been part of the Sonnets´ critical heritage. It also anticipates the discussion on the importance of the reader’s imaginary in the hermeneutic process. Chapter two is divided in two segments. The first, where I present the grounds on which myth, literature and symbols are related, as well as Ricoeur’s theory of the metaphor; and the second, that consists of general imaginary symbolic data about the 154 sonnets, approached through a modernized version of the 1609 Quarto. In addition, there comes the analysis of sonnets 28 and 146, as models for the others to come in chapter 3. Finally, chapter three The Hermeneutics of Symbolical Imagery in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, displays the study of recurrent images, archetypes, archetypal patterns and personal myths within Shakespeare’s Sonnets. The Conclusion reflects upon the work’s attempt at showing the importance of symbolic images for the study of the sonnets, as well as considers some of the ways through which the imaginary of the writer and that of the reader bind, generating meaning.

This thesis is a critical study of the theme of shame in Shakespeare. The first chapter defines the senses in which shame is used. Chapter Two analyses the workings of shame in pre-renaissance literature. The argument sets aside the increasingly discredited shame-culture versus guilt-culture antithesis still often applied to classical and Christian Europe; then classical and Christian shame are compared. Chapter Three focuses on shame in the English Renaissance, with illustrations from Spenser, Marlowe, Jonson, and Milton. Attention is also paid to the cultural context, for instance, to the shaming sanctions employed by the church courts. It is argued that, paradoxically, the humanist aspirations of this period made men and women more vulnerable to shame: more aware of falling short of ideals and open to disappointment and the reproach of self and others. The fourth chapter is an introductory account of Shakespearean shame; examples are drawn from the plays and poems preceding the period of the major tragedies, circa. 1602-9. This lays the groundwork, both conceptually and in terms of Shakespeare's development, for the main part of the thesis, Part Two, which offers detailed readings of Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus. In Each case, a consideration of the theme of shame illuminates the text in question in new ways. For example, and exploration of shame in Hamlet uncovers a neglected spiritual dimension; and it is argued that, despite critical tradition, shame, rather than jealousy, is the key to Othello, and that Antony and Cleopatra establishes the attraction and limitation of shamelessness. The last Chapter describes Shakespeare's distinctive and ultimately Christian vision of shame. In a tail-piece it is suggested that this account of Shakespearean shame casts an intriguing light on a little-known interpretation of Shakespeare's last days by the historian E.R.C. Brinkworth.

A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo das imagens simbólicas dos Sonetos de Shakespeare sob a luz das teorias modernas e contemporâneas do imaginário, mito e símbolo de autores como C.G.Jung, P. Ricoeur e G. Durand. Procura mostrar parte do processo criativo Shakespeareano identificando mitos pessoais, imagens recorrentes, assim como arquétipos e padrões arquetípicos presentes nos sonetos. Divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro, a Introdução, apresenta Shakespeare como poeta e resume algumas abordagens críticas e os problemas decorrentes que foram debatidos até então. Antecipa ainda, a discussão sobre a importância do imaginário do leitor no processo hermenêutico. O segundo capítulo, O imaginário e o imaginário de Shakespeare, divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, apresento os campos onde literatura, mito, e símbolo relacionam-se entre si, assim como a teoria da metáfora de P. Ricoeur. A segunda parte consiste em dados gerais do imaginário simbólico dos 154 sonetos, cuja base é uma versão moderna da edição de 1609 (conhecida como The Quarto), com a análise de dois sonetos (28,146) que funciona como modelo para as demais, integrantes do terceiro capítulo. Finalmente, o capítulo 3, A hermenêutica das imagens simbólicas dos sonetos de Shakespeare, traz o estudo propriamente dito, e apresenta as imagens recorrentes, arquétipos, padrões arquetípicos e mitos pessoais encontrados nos sonetos. A conclusão reflete a tentativa de mostrar a importância das imagens simbólicas para os Sonetos, assim como apontar formas através das quais os imaginários de autor e leitor misturam-se, gerando significação. / This thesis aims at studying the symbolical imagery of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in the light of modern theories on the imaginary, symbolism, and myth put forward by authors such as C.G. Jung, P. Ricoeur, and G. Durand. It attempts at showing a part of Shakespeare’s creative process by identifying personal myths, recurrent images, as well as archetypes and archetypal patterns inherent in the Sonnets. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents Shakespeare as a poet and summarizes some critical approaches and consequent problems that have been part of the Sonnets´ critical heritage. It also anticipates the discussion on the importance of the reader’s imaginary in the hermeneutic process. Chapter two is divided in two segments. The first, where I present the grounds on which myth, literature and symbols are related, as well as Ricoeur’s theory of the metaphor; and the second, that consists of general imaginary symbolic data about the 154 sonnets, approached through a modernized version of the 1609 Quarto. In addition, there comes the analysis of sonnets 28 and 146, as models for the others to come in chapter 3. Finally, chapter three The Hermeneutics of Symbolical Imagery in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, displays the study of recurrent images, archetypes, archetypal patterns and personal myths within Shakespeare’s Sonnets. The Conclusion reflects upon the work’s attempt at showing the importance of symbolic images for the study of the sonnets, as well as considers some of the ways through which the imaginary of the writer and that of the reader bind, generating meaning.

Tato práce dokumentuje Scénická a kostýmní procesu navrhování pro výrobu divadelním představení Shakespearovy hry Macbeth jako vyrobené Pražského shakespearovské společnosti.Výroba byla provedena v Divadle Kolowrat, od 07.11.2013 do 22.listopadu 2013. Navíc produkce cestoval do Houstonu v Texasu v Rice Village divadle Main Street Theater společnosti. Je tam hráli od 27. února do 9. března 2014. Tato práce zahrnuje analýzu hry a postavy a popisuje podrobně proces návrhu a provedení designu. Závěry o všech aspektech tohoto procesu provedení designu. Závěry o všech aspektech tohoto procesu provedení designu. Závěry o všech aspektech tohoto procesu jsou k dispozici.

Orientadora : Profª Drª Célia Arns de Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, 02/04/2015 / Inclui referências / Área de concentração: Estudos literários / Resumo: Na história da adaptação, apropriação e tradução shakespeariana, Macbeth, considerada uma das quatro grandes tragédias, ocupa um lugar privilegiado. Os temas presentes nessa peça (ambição desmedida, aparência e realidade, o peso da culpa, a corrupção do poder, violência, tirania) fornecem material para incontáveis releituras e interpretações, em qualquer espaço ou tempo, seja no cinema, na literatura, no palco, nas artes em geral. Com relação às encenações, só no Brasil há registros de, pelo menos, quatorze montagens da peça realizadas por diferentes diretores teatrais desde 1970. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir uma das encenações da "peça escocesa" cuja estreia se deu em 2012 no Teatro Vivo em São Paulo. Tal montagem teve Gabriel Villela na direção e Marcelo Antony e Claudio Fontana nos papéis do protagonista Macbeth e de sua esposa e cúmplice Lady Macbeth, respectivamente. Villela é um dos mais importantes encenadores brasileiros, profundo conhecedor de Shakespeare. Em seu currículo constam outras três peças do bardo inglês, a saber: Romeu e Julieta, Sonhos de uma noite de verão e Ricardo III. Faz parte da proposta do diretor mineiro mesclar o erudito com o popular, as tradições brasileiras com influências estrangeiras, no intuito de aproximar a literatura clássica do espectador. Para nossa análise, foram utilizados uma gravação em formato de DVD, a tradução de Marcos Daud e o texto do espetáculo fornecidos pela produção. Essa pesquisa compartilha os pressupostos teóricos de Linda Hutcheon, Robert Stam, Caroline Spurgeon, A.C. Bradley, Patrice Pavis, Barbara Heliodora, José Roberto O'Shea. Em Macbeth, Villela propõe uma reflexão em torno dos binômios vida e arte, realidade e ficção, entre aquilo que é ou não é, entre a aparência e a realidade. Ele concretiza essa proposta, principalmente, através da introdução de elementos épicos e metateatrais. Os artifícios da construção dramática confrontam o espectador a todo momento, levando-o a manter uma atitude de distanciamento crítico. A encenação também incorpora na materialização cênica múltiplas leituras de Macbeth, presentes implícita ou explicitamente, no trabalho coletivo de produtores, cenotécnicos, coreógrafos, maquiadores, figurinistas, sonoplastas, contrarregras, figurantes e atores. Palavras-chave: Adaptação. Shakespeare. Macbeth. Teatro brasileiro. Gabriel Villela. / Abstract: In the history of Shakespearean adaptation, appropriation and translation, Macbeth, considered one of the four great tragedies, occupies a privileged place. The themes present in this play (excessive ambition, appearance and reality, the burden of guilt, the corruption of power, violence, tyranny) provide material for countless readings and interpretations in any space and time, be it in the cinema, on stage, literature, and arts in general. Regarding theater, in Brazil alone there are records of, at least, fourteen stagings of the play performed by different directors since 1992. This research aims to discuss one of the productions of the Scottish play which had its premiere in 2012 at the Vivo Theater in São Paulo. This production was directed by Gabriel Villela and had Marcelo Antony and Claudio Fontana in the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, respectively. Villela is one of the most important Brazilian directors and he has a deep knowledge of Shakespeare. His resume lists three other plays of the English bard: Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Richard III. In his works, Villlela mixes the popular and the classic, and Brazilian traditions and foreign influences, in order to make classic literature more accessible to the spectator. Our analysis used a DVD recording of this production, the translation by Marcos Daud, and the screenplay provided by the producers. This research shares the theoretical assumptions of Linda Hutcheon, Robert Stam, Caroline Spurgeon, A.C. Bradley, Patrice Pavis, Barbara Heliodora, José Roberto O'Shea. In Macbeth, Villela proposes a reflection between the binomials of life and art, fiction and reality. He materializes this proposal mainly through the introduction of epic and metatheatrical elements. The devices of the dramatic construction confront the viewer at all times, causing him/her to maintain an attitude of critical distance. The staging also incorporates in the scenic materialization multiple readings of Macbeth, implicitly or explicitly present in the collective work of producers, directors, scenic, lighting, sound, and costume designers, choreographers, makeup artists, stagehands, background actors and main actors. Key-words: Adaptation. Macbeth. Gabriel Villela.

A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo das imagens simbólicas dos Sonetos de Shakespeare sob a luz das teorias modernas e contemporâneas do imaginário, mito e símbolo de autores como C.G.Jung, P. Ricoeur e G. Durand. Procura mostrar parte do processo criativo Shakespeareano identificando mitos pessoais, imagens recorrentes, assim como arquétipos e padrões arquetípicos presentes nos sonetos. Divide-se em três capítulos. O primeiro, a Introdução, apresenta Shakespeare como poeta e resume algumas abordagens críticas e os problemas decorrentes que foram debatidos até então. Antecipa ainda, a discussão sobre a importância do imaginário do leitor no processo hermenêutico. O segundo capítulo, O imaginário e o imaginário de Shakespeare, divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, apresento os campos onde literatura, mito, e símbolo relacionam-se entre si, assim como a teoria da metáfora de P. Ricoeur. A segunda parte consiste em dados gerais do imaginário simbólico dos 154 sonetos, cuja base é uma versão moderna da edição de 1609 (conhecida como The Quarto), com a análise de dois sonetos (28,146) que funciona como modelo para as demais, integrantes do terceiro capítulo. Finalmente, o capítulo 3, A hermenêutica das imagens simbólicas dos sonetos de Shakespeare, traz o estudo propriamente dito, e apresenta as imagens recorrentes, arquétipos, padrões arquetípicos e mitos pessoais encontrados nos sonetos. A conclusão reflete a tentativa de mostrar a importância das imagens simbólicas para os Sonetos, assim como apontar formas através das quais os imaginários de autor e leitor misturam-se, gerando significação. / This thesis aims at studying the symbolical imagery of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in the light of modern theories on the imaginary, symbolism, and myth put forward by authors such as C.G. Jung, P. Ricoeur, and G. Durand. It attempts at showing a part of Shakespeare’s creative process by identifying personal myths, recurrent images, as well as archetypes and archetypal patterns inherent in the Sonnets. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents Shakespeare as a poet and summarizes some critical approaches and consequent problems that have been part of the Sonnets´ critical heritage. It also anticipates the discussion on the importance of the reader’s imaginary in the hermeneutic process. Chapter two is divided in two segments. The first, where I present the grounds on which myth, literature and symbols are related, as well as Ricoeur’s theory of the metaphor; and the second, that consists of general imaginary symbolic data about the 154 sonnets, approached through a modernized version of the 1609 Quarto. In addition, there comes the analysis of sonnets 28 and 146, as models for the others to come in chapter 3. Finally, chapter three The Hermeneutics of Symbolical Imagery in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, displays the study of recurrent images, archetypes, archetypal patterns and personal myths within Shakespeare’s Sonnets. The Conclusion reflects upon the work’s attempt at showing the importance of symbolic images for the study of the sonnets, as well as considers some of the ways through which the imaginary of the writer and that of the reader bind, generating meaning.