Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Pirolo.pdf: 1697881 bytes, checksum: dc98a0666e95d0d7e7acbae583bcfaf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-05 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The dissertation approaches the works of the German researches Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff which have synthesized the spectral proceedings that had been used until the end of the nineteenth century. They had modified the methodology to increase a better understanding of the procedure as of the analysis of the emanated light of incandescent materials. After developing a number of experiments with Henry Roscoe on photochemistry, Bunsen had dedicated himself together with Kirchhoff to spectrum analysis. Spectroscopy is the analysis of light spectra and the way in which light interacts with matter. The light source is normally directed on a slit and is separated by the use of a prism. The image of the slit has the shape of a line to its component colors, which indicates the presence of chemical elements. Spectrometry is the technique used to assess the chemical composition and concentration of materials. This method had historically helped Bunsen and Kirchhoff finding out elements like caesium and rubidium and continued helping others to find out new elements too. For instance, helium was discovered before in solar spectrum than in earth. The spectrum analysis, enables the study in enormous distances, and consequently had transformed the Idea concerning the study of celestial bodies and finally it had provided a method for determining their chemical composition. In this dissertation we had focused on two specific works: the Photochemical Researches written by Bunsen and Roscoe and published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. And Spectrum Analysis written solely by Roscoe, trying to identify the development of what would be the spectral analysis of the nineteenth century / Esta dissertação aborda o trabalho de dois pesquisadores alemães, Robert Wilhelm Bunsen e Gustav Robert Kirchhoff que, no século XIX, fizeram uma síntese dos procedimentos em utilizados em espectroscopia até o momento, modificando alguns métodos e auxiliando numa melhor compreensão e análise da luz emitida por materiais incandescentes. Após alguns experimentos desenvolvidos com Henry Roscoe sobre fotoquímica, Bunsen dedicou-se, juntamente com Kirchhoff, às análises espectrais. A espectroscopia é um método em que a luz de uma determinada fonte é decomposta em cores através de um prisma, formando um espectro, no qual são formadas linhas que, de acordo com suas posições, indicam a presença de elementos químicos. Esse método pode ser usado para saber a composição química de materiais terrestres e celestes. O método auxiliou na descoberta primeiramente do césio e do rubídio por Bunsen e Kirchhoff e, posteriormente, de mais elementos químicos por outros pesquisadores. O hélio, por exemplo, foi descoberto no espectro solar antes de ser conhecido na Terra. A análise espectral, ao analisar corpos distantes a milhões de quilômetros, tornou possível algo que poucos acreditavam, demonstrando assim que seria possível determinar a composição química de corpos terrestres e celestes. Para a realização deste trabalho analisamos principalmente as obras Photochemical Researches , escrita por Bunsen e Roscoe e publicada pela Proceedings of the Royal Society of London e Spectrum Analysis, escrita por Roscoe, buscando reconhecer como se formaram e se desenvolveram as idéias de análise espectral no século XIX

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cicero Ferreira.pdf: 687006 bytes, checksum: 7cd66ef011c8f123a2a139f85912f86b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-12 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / By the end of the eighteenth century many were the studies on how one could identify and produce different kinds of alkali. In this dissertation we shall try to establish a relation between the practices and theories applied to obtain different salts which were used in a number of products like soaps, glasses, medication, as well as in gunpowder industry. In order to understand the studies on salts we turned to the work of the Portuguese friar José Mariano da Conceição Veloso, entitled Alographia dos alkalis fixos vegetal ou potassa, mineral ou soda e dos seus nitratos, segundo as melhores memórias estrangeira, que se tem escrito sobre este assunto. The commission of the above work was directly made by the Portuguese government in a period while the country was passing trough transformations. Their main concern was to resolve problems related to manufacturing and to food production. It is in this context that a reform in the University of Coimbra established the Natural Philosophy course, which would be responsible for the professional training of naturalists. Their goal would be to collect data and identify the natural wealth of the kingdom trough their trips. A second step was also made with the creation of the Arco do Cego typography, in charge of friar Veloso. There he published texts, many of them translations, willing to help people interested in developing different economic activities / O estudo sobre a forma de se identificar e produzir os vários tipos de álcalis no final do século XVIII foi preocupação de muitos estudiosos. Nesta dissertação, buscamos estabelecer a relação entre as práticas e as teorias sobre a obtenção de diferentes sais utilizados em vários ramos do comercio para manufatura de diversos produtos como sabão, vidros, remédios e fabricas de pólvora. Para compreendermos os estudos sobre os sais, abordamos a obra Alographia dos alkalis fixos vegetal ou potassa, mineral ou soda e dos seus nitratos, segundo as melhores memórias estrangeira, que se tem escrito sobre este assunto organizada pelo Frei José Mariano da Conceição Velloso. A ordem para realizar esta compilação partiu diretamente do governo de Portugal, país que passava por um período de transformações. Buscava-se principalmente resolver uma série de problemas relacionados com as manufaturas e a produção de alimentos. Neste contexto, a reforma da Universidade de Coimbra trouxe a criação do Curso Filosófico, que formaria naturalistas encarregados de viagens para levantamentos e reconhecimento das riquezas naturais do reino. Outra medida foi a criação da Tipografia do Arco do Cego, de que foi encarregado o Frei Veloso onde fez publicar textos, muitas vezes traduções, para auxiliar as pessoas interessadas em desenvolver diferentes atividades econômicas

This thesis is a study of rebellious child protagonists in Victorian bildungsroman. It discusses five novels ??? Jane Eyre, The Mill on the Floss, What Maisie Knew, Vanity Fair and Kim ??? that feature ???radical child??? protagonists who use indirect methods of narrative control to resist conservative models of character development. It argues that these novels form a subset of subversive English bildungsromane, which threaten the genre???s traditionally liberal values. Theories of narrative desire, reader seduction and discursive manipulation are used to reveal how the radical child in the Victorian bildungsroman takes command of the reader???s sympathy and gains power over the realist text, despite its physical and social powerlessness. Especially important is the presence of a fantasy counterplot, which coexists with, and ultimately undermines, the bildungsroman???s realistic surface narrative of successful socialisation. The counterplot allows radical child protagonists to develop in a non-linear manner that contradicts bourgeois ideals of stable progress. Focusing instead on sites of rupture between the individual and society, subversive bildungsromane resist both the dialectical model of character, which aims to harmoniously unite the protagonist with the realist world, and the dialogic model of interaction, which requires the restriction of personal liberty for the common good. This rebellious child in the Victorian bildungsroman thus represents an assault on the genre???s democratic ideals. Rejecting compromise, the radical child replaces the bildungsroman???s central ethic of interpersonal responsibility with an individualistic ethic of domination. Indeed, the thesis argues that the appeal of such child protagonistslies in their rejection of the obligatory, but anticlimactic, exchange of freedom for security that underpins the realist bildungsroman???s social contract, a rejection attractive to the reader precisely because it is unrealisable in reality. Finally, the thesis compares this radical child with the Gothic monster. While the monster is punished for its subversion, the radical child???s counterplot enables it to enact most of its subversive desires unpunished. The conservative English bildungsroman thus becomes a more effective way of representing asocial energies than the more obviously radical Gothic genre, which openly displays its anti-democratic sentiments.

Thèse : Lettres : Zurich : 1987-88. / Bibliogr. p. 229-236.

This thesis is a study of rebellious child protagonists in Victorian bildungsroman. It discusses five novels ??? Jane Eyre, The Mill on the Floss, What Maisie Knew, Vanity Fair and Kim ??? that feature ???radical child??? protagonists who use indirect methods of narrative control to resist conservative models of character development. It argues that these novels form a subset of subversive English bildungsromane, which threaten the genre???s traditionally liberal values. Theories of narrative desire, reader seduction and discursive manipulation are used to reveal how the radical child in the Victorian bildungsroman takes command of the reader???s sympathy and gains power over the realist text, despite its physical and social powerlessness. Especially important is the presence of a fantasy counterplot, which coexists with, and ultimately undermines, the bildungsroman???s realistic surface narrative of successful socialisation. The counterplot allows radical child protagonists to develop in a non-linear manner that contradicts bourgeois ideals of stable progress. Focusing instead on sites of rupture between the individual and society, subversive bildungsromane resist both the dialectical model of character, which aims to harmoniously unite the protagonist with the realist world, and the dialogic model of interaction, which requires the restriction of personal liberty for the common good. This rebellious child in the Victorian bildungsroman thus represents an assault on the genre???s democratic ideals. Rejecting compromise, the radical child replaces the bildungsroman???s central ethic of interpersonal responsibility with an individualistic ethic of domination. Indeed, the thesis argues that the appeal of such child protagonistslies in their rejection of the obligatory, but anticlimactic, exchange of freedom for security that underpins the realist bildungsroman???s social contract, a rejection attractive to the reader precisely because it is unrealisable in reality. Finally, the thesis compares this radical child with the Gothic monster. While the monster is punished for its subversion, the radical child???s counterplot enables it to enact most of its subversive desires unpunished. The conservative English bildungsroman thus becomes a more effective way of representing asocial energies than the more obviously radical Gothic genre, which openly displays its anti-democratic sentiments.

MA / Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 1932.

This study examines the paradoxical and at the same time interesting relationship between Christian religion and the system of slavery in the American historical context. Through the use of Kenneth Burke’s concept and theory of Perception by Incongruity as a theoretical and conceptual framework, this study examines Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Frederick Douglass’ The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave. In the view of this study, Perception by Incongruity, as a theoretical and conceptual tool has the literary and the rhetorical resources to unmask the ironies and paradoxes involved in slave holding religion and religion holding slaves. The principal research question of the present study seeks to probe the usability of the Christian faith by slave owners to dominate and pacify the slaves, and the instrumentalisation by the slaves of the Christian faith as a liberatory and emancipatory belief. Perception by Incongruity enriches the present study in so far as it unmasks the incongruity and paradox of masters and slaves sharing the same definition of God and faith and still remaining in their conflictual positions of masters and slaves. Since this study is a study in literature, the methods of literature study and textual analysis are deployed in examining the primary texts, Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave. A multiplicity of secondary texts; in form of critical and empirical literature; are used throughout this study to support observations, arguments and conclusions that are advanced by the study. Summatively, this study observes and concludes that religion, in this case Christianity occupies a perceptively incongruous position where it is suable by people in conflicting situations. Further, where domination, power and capitalism as an economic system meet, religion belongs in the mind and the eye of the beholders who seeks to use it to justify and defend their particular interests and positions. / English Studies / M.A. (English Studies)

Orientador: José Alves de Freitas Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T02:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Terlizzi_BrunoPassos_M.pdf: 2154224 bytes, checksum: 0fa6e9d74d1d2d360cece95777f03788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Sendo inicialmente pensado pela "intelectualidade rosista", o conceito de americanismo surgiu como uma espécie de justificativa ideológica dentro do discurso político do governo Rosas, caracterizados pela ideia de que a luta da Confederação Argentina contra as potências européias era a luta pela preservação da própria independência do país, em que a causa argentina expressava diretamente a causa americana, decorrendo na criação de uma polarização em que os que estavam com Rosas eram partidários da causa americana e seus opositores, traidores da independência americana (MYERS 1995). É justamente nesse embate político pela definição do conceito de americanismo que tanto o discurso rosista como as obras políticas de Domingos F. Sarmiento (1811-1888) demonstram estratégias discursivas em torno da definição do conceito e sua utilização como linguagem política. Esta dissertação teve por finalidade analisar as ideias e as linguagens políticas utilizadas por Sarmiento em três obras de sua vasta produção: Facundo (1845), Viajes por Europa, África y América (1846-1847) e Argirópolis (1850). A partir daí, demonstrar as interações de seus modelos explicativos em relação ao seu contexto e à situação política da Confederação Argentina na primeira metade do século XIX, que foi caracterizada pelo período em que Juan Manoel de Rosas governou a província de Buenos Aires, estabelecendo uma paulatina hegemonia da província sobre o resto do país. Além disso, pretendeu-se evidenciar a maneira como o autor "disputou" com os polemistas que sustentavam o regime a definição do conceito de americanismo ou sistema americano, de modo a estabelecer pontos de contato com as concepções de soberania, legitimidade política, e republicanismo dentro dos projetos de nação que eram discutidos no calor das vicissitudes da história política argentina / Abstract: Initially being a concept thought by the rosista intellectuality, the americanismo emerged as an ideological justification inside the Rosas government political discourse, featured by the idea that the struggle of the Argentinean Confederation against the European forces was the fight to preserve the independence itself, and the Argentinean cause expressed the proper American cause, what incurred in a polarization between the Rosa's partisans and its opponents who were considered traitor of the political independence (MYERS 1995). It is right in the middle of this quarrel for the definition of the americanismo concept that both: the Rosas discourse and Domingos F. Sarmiento's (1811-1888) political writings shows their reasoning strategies around the concept and its usage as a political language. This essay has the aim in analyzing the ideas and the political languages used by Sarmiento in three of his wide writing collection: Facundo (1845), Viajes por Europa, África y American (1846-1847) and Argirópolis (1850). Moving forward, the next step is to demonstrate the interactions of his explanatory model towards his context and the political situation of the Argentinean Confederation during the first half of the 19th century, when Juan Manoel de Rosas ruled the Buenos Aires state and stablished a gradual hegemony over the whole country. Besides that, we tried to put in evidence the disputes between the writers that supported the Rosas government and Sarmiento among the concept of americanismo or sistema americano, and by establishing some contact point with other concepts such as sovereignty, political legitimacy and republicanism inside the debates occurred in the heat of the Argentinean political History / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História

Preface: William Shaw was undoubtedly one of the greatest of the missionary pioneers to work in southern Africa and it is strange that up until now there has been no major research into his time spent in the Cape Colony and beyond. Apart from his own work, The Story of My Mission, and the Memoir of the Rev. William Shaw by William Boyce, published in 1874, there was nothing devoted exclusively to Shaw until Mrs Celia Sadler published extracts from his letters and journals in Never a Young Man, in 1967. Scholars have examined aspects of Shaw's career in a number of theses, articles and books, but, unlike the attention paid to Dr John Philip, William Shaw has never been the subject of close historical scrutiny. This has, most probably, been attributable to the unfortunate gap in the Shaw correspondence from the late 1830's to the 1850's, but, despite this, I have felt that so important a figure in southern African historiography - both ecclesiastical and secular - should be examined regardless of the lacunae which there might be. When - and if - the missing pieces ever come to light, then the time for the definitive study will have arrived, but until such time there is, most decidedly, a need for what we do have access to, to be sifted and placed in historical context. This is what this thesis has attempted to do with specific reference to his work in the Eastern Cape. As General Superintendent of Wesleyan mission work in "South Eastern Africa", Shaw also had oversight of work in the Bechuana country, but that lies outside the scope of this thesis and requires independent examination. Shaw wrote of the work of the missionary - with his own work firmly in mind, " ... I am fully satisfied ... that wherever there is a British colony in juxtaposition with heathen tribes, or natives, it will be our wisdom to provide for the spiritual wants of the Colonists, while at the same time we ought not to neglect taking earnest measures for the conversion of the heathen."¹ Such an approach made Wesleyan endeavours almost unique in mission history. The proponent of such uniqueness requires a sympathetic yet not hagiographical appraisal. This thesis seeks to accomplish just that. ¹ The Story of My Mission p. 213.

Present day Thembuland is situated roughly between the Mthatha and Kei rivers. It lies within the south-western portion of the political unit which has been known since 1976 as the Republic of Transkei. It comprises the territories formerly known as Emigrant Thembuland (now the districts of Cala and Cofimvaba) and Thembuland Proper, i.e. the districts of Mqanduli, Umtata, Engcobo and Bomvanaland. We have evidence that Thembu people had already settled in Thembu land Proper, at the Mbashe river, by the beginning of the 17th century. Pioneering clans many have entered the territory at a much earlier date. In the 1830's some clans broke away from the Mbashe settlement, and moved to the region of present day Queenstown. In 1853 their lands were included in the so-called Tambookie Location, which in 1871 became the district of Glen Grey. Emigrant Thembuland came into existence in 1865 when four chiefs from Glen Grey accepted Sir Philip Wodehouse's offer to settle on the lands across the White Kei whence the Xhosa chief Sarhili had been expelled in 1857. This thesis deals with the history of the people who lived in these territories between 1850 and 1900.