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Der künstlerische Wandschmuck stellt eine besondere Form des Schulwandbildes dar, da in ihm die belehrende Funktion zugunsten einer künstlerisch-raumgestaltenden zurücktritt. So definierte sich der Schulwandschmuck als ein Werk der Kunst, dessen ästhetisches Element - unter der Maxime "Kunst ins Volk, Kunst in die Schulen" - im Zuge der Kunsterziehungsbewegung um 1900 eine besondere Bedeutung gewann. Mit den vorrangigen Zielen, dem Schulraum eine eigene, pädagogisch-künstlerische Atmosphäre zu verleihen, die ästhetische Genußfähigkeit der Schüler zu fördern und die kulturelle Erneuerung des Volkes aus dem Geiste der Kunst voranzutreiben, wurde der künstlerische Wandschmuck zu einem zentralen Element der kunstpädagogischen Aspirationen. D. h.: Gesteigert zur "Bilderschmuckbewegung" sollte über die Ausschmückung der Schulen und die damit verbundene Geschmacksbildung zugleich veredelnd und erhebend am Volksganzen gearbeitet werden. Geleitet von diesen Hoffnungen begannen Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts unterschiedliche Verlagshäuser künstlerischen Wandschmuck "für Schule und Haus" zu produzieren. Diese Aktivitäten wurden angeregt und forciert durch den 1. Kunsterziehungstag 1901, auf dem den künstlerischen Bildern ein eigener Tagesordnungspunkt gewidmet wurde und durch den die Schmuckbilder ihre kunstpädagogische Legitimation erhielten. Neben der Rekonstruktion der "Bilderschmuckbewegung" innerhalb des reformpädagogischen Aufbruchs am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts geht es um eine kritische Analyse des pädagogisch-kunsterzieherischen Anspruchs. Diese Analyse bezieht sich einerseits auf den eingeschränkten Kunstbegriff und andererseits auf die Tendenz, den künstlerischen Anspruch der Erziehungsabsicht unterzuordnen. Es spricht vieles dafür, daß die Absicht der Ästhetisierung der Unterrichtsräume einer Pädagogisierung des Raumes wich. Denn die Kunst der Schule hatte, angesichts der sich wandelnden Verhältnisse, nicht nur einem dauerhaften und "gesunden" Stil zu gehorchen - innovative und progressive Stilrichtungen standen damit außer Konkurrenz. Sie sollte zudem pädagogische Leitziele und Idealvorstellungen - mit deutsch-nationaler Ausrichtung - zum Ausdruck bringen; und auch didaktische Anforderungen traten hinzu: Verständlichkeit, Einfachheit und Klarheit wurden zu ästhetischen Normen, die das künstlerische Bild bestimmten sollten. Über die Rekonstruktion und kritische Analyse hinaus wird abschließend die systematische Frage aufgeworfen, ob Kunst in der Schule notwendig pädagogisiert oder sogar "diszipliniert" werden muß, um Lehr- und Lernprozesse und erzieherisches Handeln nicht der "Exterritorialität" des Ästhetischen (Mollenhauer) zu überlassen. / The aesthetic wallcharts are a special type of the school-wallcharts because of the fact that these charts do have a decorative function. The aesthetic wallcharts were defined as works of art, the aesthetic element of which got a special meaning in connection with the "Kunsterziehungsbewegung" around 1900. At that time the maxim was: Art for the people, art in the schools. The superior aims were to give the schoolrooms a pedagogical and aesthetic atmosphere, to promote the pupils´ ability to enjoy art and to help the nation to achieve a cultural renewal by the spirit of art. This means that the "Bilderschmuckbewegung" was not just a process to decorate schoolrooms, but to ennoble the German nation. Led by these expectations at the beginning of the 20th century several publishing houses started to produce aesthetic wallcharts "for school and house". These activities were advanced by the first "Kunsterziehungstag" 1901. The aesthetic wallcharts got their own legitimation. Besides the reconstruction of the German "Bilderschmuckbewegung", as part of the New Education at the end of the 19th century, the paper contains a critical analysis of the aesthetic and educational claim. This analysis is concentrated first on the restricted idea of art and secondly on the tendency to suppress the aesthetic claim for the benefit of the educational claim. There are several indications to the fact that the intention to decorate the schoolrooms changed into the intention to give the schoolrooms an educational touch, because art in the school was connected with pedagogic and national aims - innovative and progressive styles were refused. Besides, the aesthetic wallcharts got a didactic funktion, so that they could be understood easily. Finaly there is the systematic question if it is necessary to discipline art in school in order to avoid that teaching and education are prejudiced by the "Exterritorialität" of the aesthetic (Mollenhauer).

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In the second half of the nineteenth century the six Ontario suburban communities of Yorkville, New Edinburgh, London West, London East, Parkdale and Brockton were incorporated. In general suburbanites opted for incorporation because their increasingly urban concerns were not being met by the governance of the rural townships of which they were a part. Although the municipal status of these suburbs lasted for varying periods of time, and only overlapped briefly in the early 1880s, they had much in common. All six municipalities attempted to develop as alternatives to the cities they neighboured. Suburbanites and their local governments worked hard to create local identities and, at least for a time, stave off amalgamation with the neighbouring cities, which were increasingly anxious to expand their boundaries. All the while the suburbs were forced to balance the development of infrastructure and the need to keep taxation low in order to keep their communities viable and attractive locations for householders and businesses. The creation and maintenance of expensive infrastructure was often poorly handled, and led to massive expenditures and soaring suburban debts. This fiscal chaos within the suburbs ensured that the amalgamation question would be much debated by both suburb and city. While the ratepayers of each of the suburbs ultimately endorsed amalgamation, they did so only after what were often long and protracted debates. If anything, the struggle over amalgamation illustrated that suburban solvency and responsibility had to be weighed against questions of suburban agency and independence. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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This thesis considers the novels of Gregorio Lopez Y Fuentes.

This thesis probes the materiality of a text by focusing on elliptical matters. In The Culture of Time and Space, Stephen Kern introduces the term "positive-negative space" to describe the primacy of empty space as a formal subject matter in sculptures of the early twentieth century. With some caveats and distinctions, the thesis argues that Kern's theory of positive-negative space is crucial for reading Faulkner's crytic and polyvalent production of space. Using a smorgasbord of approaches including psychoanalytic and reader-response criticism, feminist and critical race theories, post-structuralist and formalist notions of space, theories of the "hole" in fine arts sculpture, and the New Southern studies, my thesis reinvents the conception of positive-negative space, and asserts that positive-negative space as an artistic principle" is the modus operandi of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and Sanctuary. / by Simone Maria Puleo. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Este estudo explora a intersecção entre alegria e política. Parte da tese de que a alegria e a festa são possibilidades de agenciamento de forças a favor da vida, que podem produzir combate à homogeneização de existências e linhas de resistência coletivas a um modo de viver que sufoca vitalidades. Fundamentando-se na Psicologia Política de Wilhelm Reich, analisa a trajetória da Ala Loucos pela X, do Grêmio Cultural Escola de Samba X-9 Paulistana, projeto que emerge do encontro de uma escola de samba com o campo da saúde mental, no bojo do Movimento de Luta Antimanicomial. Narra os acontecimentos que compõem a estória desse coletivo de trabalho, de 2001 a 2009, percurso no qual se evidenciam radicais transformações existenciais e socioculturais nas vidas de seus participantes. Pessoas que antes estavam confinadas a corpos deficitários destinados àqueles que recebem a designação de portadores de transtornos mentais hoje descobrem que a alegria de viver pode ser mais subversiva em seus cotidianos do que aquilo que décadas de tratamentos biomédicos puderam lhes trazer. Como recursos metodológicos, este estudo se apoia nos conceitos de alegoria e narrativa, de Walter Benjamin, e de memória coletiva, de Maurice Halbwachs. Buscando entrever pelas frestas dos grandes acontecimentos sociais, encontra no território carnavalesco, considerado por uma longa tradição de pensamento como ópio do povo, a afirmação da vida na cultura popular como alegria e resistência, fazendo pulsar forças dionisíacas e processos coletivos transformadores. Conclui que os itinerários da Ala Loucos pela X testemunham a potência transformadora da alegria e convidam a pensar que encontros com a experiência trágica e plural, nos coletivos subterrâneos que persistem na Pós-Modernidade, podem ser bons alimentos para os dilemas vividos por quem enfrenta o campo do cuidado em saúde mental na atualidade. Constata que para além do mero entretenimento, instituições como as escolas de samba constituem-se como espaços abertos na vida das cidades em que se pode aprender que o convívio com a diferença e a construção de redes de sociabilidades subversivas à ordem social vigente são politicamente possíveis / The present work intends to examine the intersection between joy and politics. It defends that joy and feast act in favor of life, for they can produce lines of collective resistance to alienating ways of life that repress vitality. They can also fight against processes that level people and their existence. Grounded on Wilhelm Reichs Political Psychology, this work analyses the trajectory of Ala Loucos pela X, one of the groups that compose X-9 Paulistana Samba School, through the point of view of the Movimento de Luta Antimanicomial (Anti-mental Hospital Fight) in Brazil. This thesis also narrates the happenings and events that compose the history of the group of people involved with the samba group mentioned above. From 2001 to 2009, such happenings and events have radically changed the lives of those involved, both socially and existentially speaking. People who had been labeled simply as insane, therefore considered as not socially capable, have found out that living happily can subvert their daily routine much more efficiently than decades of medical biomedical treatment. Concerning the theoretical methodology used, the present work is based on Walter Benjamins concepts of allegory and narrative, as well as Maurice Halbwachs concept of collective memory. Considering important social events, this thesis finds in the samba environment, commonly taken as low culture by an intellectual tradition, that joy and resistance are ways of reinforcing life in popular culture, making Dionysian forces pulse and changing collective processes. It concludes that the paths undergone by Ala Loucos pela X show how socially powerful joy may be, inviting people to think that the tragic and heterogeneous experiences, persistent in post-modern life, can help dealing with the dilemmas faced by those involved with mental health. More than just mere entertainment, samba schools are institutions in which one learns to live with diversity. They are open places in the cities, where nets of social resistance to the status quo might be produced