Las vanguardias en Chile aparecieron de manera luminosa con la “Generación del 38”. Este grupo a través de manifiestos, reuniones, escritos y disputas; aportó fuertemente al desarrollo literario del país. Las ideas y creaciones artísticas, fueron preeminentes por su poderosa originalidad, y años después, se vieron reflejadas en una literatura renovadora e inspiradora. El proceso de vanguardia en Chile, ha sido utilizado generalmente por los críticos como fuente histórico-cultural para la comprensión de posteriores poéticas, sin embargo, han sido excluyentes. ¿Quién recuerda a los creadores solitarios, intensos, muchas veces incomprensibles y con una clara inclinación creacionista? Luis Omar Cáceres (1904-1943) es un claro ejemplo, quizás el único seguidor creacionista chileno. Se hace necesario el estudio de este poeta, pues su misteriosa biografía, a igual que su poética vanguardista no han sido dilucidadas del todo. Existen muchos poetas que han escrito sobre la importancia de este autor y el rescate que debiera hacerse en torno a sus únicos quince poemas. Defensa del ídolo, se instala como un texto que puede ser comprendido también, como una creación literaria existencial que explicita los movimientos hermenéuticos de comprensión y construcción de una realidad poética vanguardista que el texto intenta apropiar. Imprescindible será entonces, explorar a través de su libro los factores que llevaron a este poeta a plantear una estética de este tipo. Previo al análisis interpretativo se hace ineludible revisar la época en que se generó esta apuesta poética, entendiendo que la generación del 38 estaba ávida del choque y la ruptura inherentes en la escritura y que a través de estos procesos de negación y ruptura, permitieron que la vanguardia acabara y superara la conciencia establecida dentro de una cultura tradicionalista en la poesía. Los objetivos del presente trabajo intentarán determinar dentro de una contextualización histórica y cultural, la renovación de la poesía de Omar Cáceres; tomando como base teórica la poética de Huidobro, la Generación del 38 y el ensayo de Miguel Gomes “Viaje al interior de la vanguardia: Defensa del ídolo de Omar Cáceres” para realizar un análisis interpretativo del libro Defensa del ídolo y de la figura de su autor; como búsqueda, rescate y reivindicación de una imagen olvidada del vanguardismo que se ofrece como modelo creacionista para la literatura chilena actual.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura. / El presente informe trata el tema de la “Auto-configuración de los poetas Pablo Neruda y Nicanor Parra en su escritura poética” en sus respectivas obras. Auto-configuración, tomada en el sentido de la visión de la persona real al hablante ficticio de sus escritos, forjándose una serie de sujetos, que están contenidos en un solo ser humano.

Diseñador Industrial / Isla Negra es el lugar donde Pablo Neruda, premio Nóbel de Literatura 1971, vivió sus últimos días. Allí, frente al mar, descansa su cuerpo junto al de su mujer Matilde Urrutia. La presencia del poeta en Isla Negra es sub duda el rasgo más característico de esta localidad. Actualmente, en la que fuera su residencia, funciona la casa museo de Isla Negra administrada por la fundación Pablo Neruda. La propuesta que se desarrolla a continuación, apunta a potenciar la plaza Eladio Sobrino como instancia preparatoria al encuentro con el mundo de la poesía Nerudiana y, a la vez, a colaborar a la identidad de Isla Negra. El proyecto se enmarca dentro del plan maestro propuesto por la Municipalidad de El Quisco, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la infraestructura pública de Isla Negra y que entre sus obras contempla la construcción de un monumento a Pablo Neruda.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura. / Enmarcado dentro del segundo ciclo nerudiano, siguiendo a Loyola, Canto General fue escrito entre los años 1938 y 1949. Es uno de los libros más conocidos de Neruda y el que más crítica ha generado, así como también, uno de los más extensos del poeta: consta de 231 poemas, ordenados en quince cantos o secciones, y es además uno de los que Neruda más elaborara. Su primera publicación total fue en México, en el año 1950, y tuvo también una edición clandestina, en Chile ese mismo año, ya que en 1947 el Presidente Gabriel González Videla desató una persecución contra los comunistas al dictar la Ley Permanente de Defensa de la Democracia, más conocida como “Ley Maldita”, lo que provocó que Neruda, como militante Comunista pasara a la clandestinidad, y luego escapara de Chile en el año 1949, para volver recién en 1952.

Most analysts study leadership succession in communist states as a "crisis" which ensues after the death of a dominant leader. This study takes an alternative approach. It is a survey of provisions for leadership succession in the People's Republic, of China. This involves a comparison of the strategies and motivations of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping in providing for their own succession. Deng Xiaoping's more extensive provisions for leadership succession during the CCP's transition towards a more institutionalized one-party bureaucratic rule are likely to be more durable than Mao's provisions in the earlier period. Nevertheless, guarantees of smooth and regularized succession, especially of protégés promoted on the basis of personal ties within the leadership core, may be impossible to obtain. Mao's provisions were aimed largely at what he saw as a probable, but deplorable, bureaucratic future of the PRC. Deng, on the other hand, perceives an element of opportunity in the succession process. He has tried to provide leadership that will, in his estimation, be better able to bring about China's modernization. In both leaders' provisions for succession, the elevation to the status of "heir apparent" of individuals has been a political liability to those individuals, especially when their promotion is perceived to be based largely on personal ties to the dominant leader. This liability becomes more pronounced in a period of bureaucratic, collective leadership. Because of his shifting policy preferences, his status as charismatic leader, and the ambitious nature of his protégés, Mao Zedong was unsuccessful in providing for his own succession. Deng Xiaoping, on the other hand, has been successful in cultivating a reserve of young, well-educated cadres. These provisions, because they are extensive and exist in a more subdued, consensus-oriented political environment, may well be Deng's most enduring legacy. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978) has generally been recognized as an influential study of western literary perceptions of the East, but numerous critics have also challenged his geographical parameters as too narrow and his conceptual framework as insufficiently complex. This thesis further expands the study of Orientalism (1) by focussing on a colonized area generally overlooked in this context, namely Southeast Asia; (2) by including a writer of German background, a nationality frequently omitted in the discussion of colonial history in general and of Orientalism in particular; and (3) perhaps most importantly, by juxtaposing the views of a Chinese author with those of western writers. This thesis is the critical study of three authors about their travels in Southeast Asia: Isabella Bird (1831-1904), Max Dauthendey (1867-1918) and Ai Wu (1904-1992). Since postcolonial criticism does not generally concern itself with the cultural habits which are formed in a traveller’s native society prior to his or her departure, this approach alone does not provide the tools for the differentiated kind of investigation I wish to conduct. I therefore draw on the cultural criticism of Pierre Bourdieu (1972, 1979, 1993), Johannes Fabian (1983, 1991), and Walter Benjamin (1969, 1974, 1985), to focus on a decisive moment in each traveller’s background, which may be said to have shaped his or her perception of other cultures. In Bird’s case, this event was the 1851 Exhibition which encapsulated the Victorian ideals of industrial progress, imperial expansion, and Christian philanthropy. By contrast, Dauthendey’s responses were shaped by the Art Nouveau sensibilities he bad acquired in the German, French, and Scandinavian bohème. Finally, Al Wu derived his outlook from the May Fourth Movement, a brief period when western ideas were welcomed into Chinese social and literary history. Said’s Orietalism posits the homogeneous cultural entity of an imperial West in contradistinction to a victimized East. This thesis does not reverse these categories, but it does provide the space for an equal discussion of Chinese and western writings within a differentiated historical context. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of Katherine Mansfield's literary indebtedness to Anton Chekhov. Throughout the critical writing about Mansfield there are many suggestions that her work is similar to that of Chekhov, but, these allusions are, for the most part, vague in pointing out specific likenesses.

Orientador : Sergio Goldenberg / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T12:45:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_LuziaMaraSilva_M.pdf: 13140395 bytes, checksum: c3378e1f1a4b901b61ba520d430bf6ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER é, sem dúvida, um dos mais controvertidos cientistas do comportamento humano e, também sem dúvida, grande parte do preconceito à sua obra advém de interpretações falseadas de suas propostas. Na tentativa de resgatar tais propostas, apresentamos, nesta pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, um panorama sobre a vida do autor, os principios básicos da sua Análise Funcional do Comportamento, bem como as aplicações de seu sistema explicativo no processo ensino aprendizagem, analisando detalhadamente a obra "Tecnologia do Ensino" - indiscutivelmente, o principal trabalho do autor a respeito da agência educacional. As reflexões pessoais da autoria desta dissertação apresentadas na conclusão do trabalho. Pretendemos que a presente pesquisa se torne mais uma fonte de informações àqueles que lidam com o processo ensino aprendizagem, no sentido de ajudá-Ias na compreensão dos mecanismos pelos quais se dá o comportamento do sistema educacional, e, conseqüentemente, de aula. na resolução dos problemas que enfrentam em sala de aula / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

“The Political and Cultural Economy of Sightseeing” examines how personnel within the state tourism bureaucracy struggled to balance the use of foreign tourism as a form of political, historical, and cultural representation with the demands of developing a revenue-generating service industry in a socialist economy. I argue that tourism, particularly the practice of sightseeing, played an important role in the creation of the “New China”: a re-imagination of the Chinese nation-state as a political, economic, social, and cultural entity under socialism. By focusing on particular elements of the state’s production of the tourist experience, including the formulation of itineraries, the regulation of tourist photography, and changing notions of customer service, this dissertation reexamines the ways the political and economic goals of the state converged during the Mao era (1949-1976) and through the early period of market reforms under Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s. This dissertation traces the development of tourism infrastructure in the first three decades after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, locating this history at the intersection of public diplomacy and economic development. It will help further our understanding of modern Chinese political and economic history, as well as the broader history of socialism in the twentieth century. “The Political and Cultural Economy of Sightseeing” focuses on the production of tourism rather than the consumption of it. It follows three main groups of actors in the tourism industry of the New China: tourism industry officials; the rank-and-file workers who fed, transported, and guided the tourists; and, to a lesser extent, the tourists themselves. Tourism officials, tourism workers, and tourists all had their own conceptions of the New China and the place of tourism in it. Tourism officials needed to know what the tourism industry meant for the politics and economy of the New China before they could show that new nation to others. Tourism workers needed to understand where their labor fit into the narrative of the New China in order to serve the tourists and serve “the people.” Finally, foreign tourists gazed upon the landscape of the New China in ways that tourism planners, guides, and service workers often struggled to anticipate and manage. Together, these three groups built a tourism industry and contributed to the establishment of a new national narrative.

Before the acquisition of speaker-as-own-listener (SOL) where individuals demonstrate verbal governance of their own overt and covert behavior (Skinner, 1957), individuals have to have the correspondence between listening to one’s own voice and doing, which I name self-listening. Self-listening is defined as the correspondence between listening to one’s own voice and doing in two forms: listening to one’s own voice and doing in isolation, and joining of print with listening to one’s own voice after reading aloud and doing. I conducted two experiments to investigate the establishment of self-listening in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. I evaluated two different topographies of the target behavior: listen-to-own-voice-do (LOVD), which is defined as the correspondence between listening to one’s own voice and doing in isolation, and read-aloud-do (RAD), which is defined as the correspondence between reading aloud and doing. As Skinner (1957) explained, reading is an extension of listening. When individuals are reading, they see print, say print, and then hear themselves. For that reason, listening to one’s own voice was targeted as one dependent variable and reading aloud as a second to compare the participants’ performance on both topographies accurately, as RAD includes both a listening and a reading component, while LOVD includes a listening component only. Using a multiple probe design across participants, I analyzed the participants’ performance in the two different topographies, LOVD and RAD, across two different tasks: a drawing task and a building task. The participants had to follow written directions in RAD and spoken directions in LOVD to produce a drawing in the drawing task and a construction in the building task. The dependent variables were identical across Experiments I and II, but varied in terms of the measurement system for the building task. In Experiment I, the intervention was listener instruction and in Experiment II the intervention was listener and reader instruction, in which I utilized the learn unit (Albers & Greer, 1991) in presenting the instruction and consequating the participants’ correct and incorrect responses. The intervention in both experiments was presented in the form of a treasure hunt where the participants had to complete a 20-step treasure hunt accurately to earn a desired reinforcer. The results of both experiments showed that the dependent variables, LOVD and RAD, were established across all participants. There were limitations in Experiment I, which were addressed in Experiment II. Keywords: self-listener, self-listening, listening, following instructions, spoken instructions, written instructions, joining of print, say-do correspondence, speaker-as-own- listener, listen-do correspondence, read-do correspondence, reading comprehension, listening comprehension.