Orientador: Silvio César Camargo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AristotelesdeAlmeida_M.pdf: 558834 bytes, checksum: cbcb3cd4c7df24059eed01ff66ad6e5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a obra de Ernest Mandel O capitalismo tardio e Jürgen Habermas Problemas de legitimação no capitalismo tardio, onde analisam o capitalismo do pósguerra e sua crise. As transformações do capitalismo desde o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial desencadearam uma importante discussão sobre a explicação marxista do desenvolvimento capitalista, de sua crise e sobre as condições para superação desta formação social. A discussão evidencia que a confrontação com a obra de Marx é oportuna não só porque permite entender quanto o capitalismo se transformou desde Marx, mas também para discutir se ela ainda consegue oferecer uma explicação relevante para se compreender as modificações estruturais contemporâneas. Nesse sentido, os autores se relacionam de maneira distinta com o legado marxiano. A obra de Mandel se mostra como um esforço para explicar o período segundo o instrumental teórico marxiano, mantendo o papel central da teoria do valor-trabalho e a crise como manifestação das contradições imanentes do capital. Já a obra de Habermas aponta para uma mudança de forma e lógica da crise, consequentemente apontando para a ineficácia da teoria do valor-trabalho aplicada aos dias atuais, o legado de Marx só continuaria a ser útil caso fosse reconstruído. Por fim, discutiremos as consequências dessas distintas explicações para os projetos de emancipação / Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the work of Ernest Mandel's Late Capitalism and Jürgen Habermas Legitimation crisis, whose works examine the capitalism in postwar and its crisis. The transformations of capitalism since the end of Second World War caused an important discussion on the Marxist explanation of capitalist development and of its crisis, and the conditions to overcome this social formation. The discussion shows that the confrontation with Marx's work is timely not only because it allows us to understand how capitalism has turned since Marx, but also to discuss whether it still is able to offer a relevant explanation to understand the contemporary structural changes. In this sense, the authors relate differently with the Marxian legacy. Mandel's work appears as an effort to explain the period according to the concepts of Marxian theory, maintaining the central role of the labor theory of value and the crisis as a manifestation of the immanent contradictions of capital. Already the work of Habermas points to a change of form and logic of the crisis, thus pointing to the ineffectiveness of the labor theory of value applied to the present day, the legacy of Marx would still only be useful if it were rebuilt. Finally, we discuss the consequences of these different explanations for the projects of emancipation / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Alvaro Gabriel Bianchi Mendez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T23:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_LucianaAparecidaAliagaAzarade_D.pdf: 1107081 bytes, checksum: 371676bfa0430d5014170c416983c83d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Embora o fenômeno das minorias dirigentes tenha sido tratado por diferentes autores, foi na Itália em finais do séc. XIX, por meio de Gaetano Mosca (1858-1941) e Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), que encontrou sistematização suficiente para alcançar status de teoria política. Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), nos Quaderni del Carcere estabelece importante diálogo com a teoria das elites, externando confluências e distanciamentos. Em comum com os autores elitistas possui a tradição maquiaveliana dos estudos políticos, isto é, o realismo maquiaveliano, que é responsável por algumas extraordinárias continuidades temáticas e afinidades nas formulações gerais de conceitos políticos entre estes autores. Contudo, existe uma discussão subjacente à teoria das elites, que, apesar de ser menos aparente, nem por isso é menos importante - o debate acerca da possibilidade de formulação de uma ciência das realidades políticas. Por meio deste debate o realismo maquiaveliano adquire diferentes feições. Pareto reivindica uma ciência livre de ideais fictícios, calcada na observação empírica e histórica, o que o leva a compreender a divisão entre governantes e governados como uma realidade imutável, correspondente às divisões do gênero humano. Gramsci, por outro lado, propõe a formulação de uma ciência da política capaz de apreender as ocorrências históricas em sua complexidade compreendendo a "realidade" como fenômeno/aparência dos processos gerados no interior do movimento dialético entre estrutura e superestrutura. Isto o leva a entender o problema das elites por um viés histórico-político. Com isto, Gramsci contribui para um enriquecimento do realismo maquiaveliano. Desta discussão acerca da possibilidade e natureza da ciência política, importantes questões de ordem metodológica e política são trazidas a lume e são importantes, cremos, não apenas para os debates da ciência política da primeira metade do século XX, mas também suscitam problemas contemporâneos e embates no interior da ciência política que permanecem como questões fundamentais para o aperfeiçoamento dos instrumentos teórico-metodológicos da disciplina / Abstract: Although the phenomenon of minority officers has been treated by different authors, was in Italy at the end of the century. XIX, by Gaetano Mosca (1858-1941) and Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), who found systematic enough to achieve status of political theory. Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), in Quaderni del Carcere establishes important dialogue with the theory of elites, expressing confluences and differences. In common with the authors has the elitist tradition of Machiavellian political studies, ie, the Machiavellian realism, which is responsible for some remarkable continuities and thematic affinities in the formulations of general political concepts between these authors. However, there is a discussion of the theory underlying the elites, who, though less apparent, so it is not less important - debate about the possibility of formulating a science of political realities. Through this debate Machiavellian realism acquires different features. Pareto claims science fictional ideals of freedom, based on empirical observation and history, which leads him to understand the division between rulers and ruled as an immutable reality, corresponding to the divisions of mankind. Gramsci, on the other hand, proposes the development of a science of politics can grasp the historical occurrences in their complexity comprising the "reality" as a phenomenon/appearance of the processes generated within the dialectical movement between structure and superstructure. This leads him to understand the problem of elites by a historical-political bias. With this, Gramsci contributes to an enrichment of Machiavellian realism. This discussion about the possibility and nature of political science, important methodological issues and policy are brought to light and are important, we believe, not only for discussions of political science in the first half of the twentieth century, but also raise contemporary issues and conflicts within science policy issues that remain fundamental to improving the theoretical and methodological tools of the discipline / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutora em Ciência Política

Orientador: Armando Boito Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T18:37:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GirardiJunior_Liraucio_M.pdf: 3952977 bytes, checksum: 601cbea5717a27876bfcfb97e8bb2e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

Orientador: Eduardo Sterzi de Carvalho Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_JulianaZanettide_M.pdf: 24170742 bytes, checksum: 3d3f48b1a21422af2dcf63d63f7ccaa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo do nosso estudo é refletir sobre as três personagens principais da obra Os nossos antepassados como figurações alegóricas do sujeito moderno. O percurso que escolhemos percorrer foi apresentar alguns elementos sobre Calvino e a relação entre real e ficional na sua trajetória a partir do ponto de vista da crítica italiana. Em seguida, como existem várias definições e entendimentos acerca do que se pode definir por modernidade, explicitamos em quais concepões nos apoiamos neste estudo. Quanto à discussão acerca das concepções de alegoria, foi mais frutífero para nosso estudo problematizar esse conceito com base nas elaborações de Walter Benjamin. Por acharmos que a obra calviniana em análise mantém uma relação tensa com o contexto social da época de sua escrita, buscamos situar tal contexto, notadamente a especificidade da modernidade italiana, destacando alguns acontecimentos históricos na época da escrita das três histórias, com destaque para o debate sobre o neorrealismo italiano. Em seguida, apresentamos algumas das análises realizadas sobre a obra em estudo e procedemos à nossa análise. A divisão de Medardo, entendida por nós como mutilação, é relacionada aos conceitos de indivíduo concreto, particular e forma-sujeito burguesa abstrata e universal. Para nós, a dinâmica da vida social moderna é também uma dinâmica da subjetividade, em que a forma social pretende exigir dos indivíduos o constante apagamento de seus rastros de individualidade em proveito de uma forma de subjetividade geral e abstrata. Entretanto, os indivíduos concretos não são máquinas que apagam sua história de vida em proveito do social, ou seja, existem tensões que para nós são advindas dessa mutilação entre as exigências do todo social universal e a vida particular. Cosme, por sua vez, é por nós interpretado tanto como uma alegoria do sujeito moderno da Razão Instrumental com sua tendência a submeter o mundo aos imperativos da Razão quanto como uma desilusão-aporia em relação a essa racionalidade: não se sabe se Cosme está desiludido porque não conseguiu fazer o mundo ser guiado pela Razão ou porque notou na racionalização do mundo também as raízes da irracionalidade. Agilulfo nos parece uma imagem alegórica do que se poderia chamar de armadura de caráter do sujeito moderno, de uma abstração de subjetividade, pois o cavaleiro expressa a negação da individualidade do ser humano, em proveito de uma forma-sujeito apta à vida moderna, um sujeito que tem ações e pensamentos em consonância com o ritmo moderno, com a aceitação da realidade vivida sem realizar atritos com ela / Abstract: The aim of our study is to reflect on the three main characters of the work Os Nossos Antepassados as allegorical figurations of the modern subject. The route we choose to follow was to present a brief overview of Calvino and the relationship between the real and the fictional in his trajectory from the point of view of the Italian criticism. After that, as there are several definitions and understandings of what can be defined as modernity, we made explicit in which conceptions we are supported in this study. For the discussion about allegory conceptions, it was more fruitful to discuss this concept based on Walter Benjamin¿s elaborations. As we think that Calvino¿s work, in analysis here, keeps a tense relation with the social context of his writing period, we seek to situate such context, notably the specificity of Italian modernity, highlighting some historical events at that period when those three stories were written, emphasizing the debate on the Italian neorealism. Then, we present some of the performed analyzes on the work in study and proceeded to our analysis. Medardo¿s division, understood by us as mutilation, it is related to the concepts of concrete individual, particular and abstract bourgeois and universal subject-form. For us, the dynamics of modern social life is also a dynamic of the subjectivity, where the social form intendeds to require the individuals the constant erasing of their traces of individuality in favor of a form of general and abstract subjectivity. However, the concrete individuals are not machines that erase their life story for the benefit of social, i.e., there are tensions that for us come from this mutilation between the demands of the whole universal social and the private life. Cosme, in turn, is interpreted by us both as an allegory of the modern subject of the Instrumental Reason with his tendency to submit the world to the imperatives of the Reason and as a disappointment-aporia for this rationality: it is not known if Cosme is disappointed because he could not make the world be guided by the Reason or because he also noticed in the world's rationalization the roots of irrationality. Agilulfo seems an allegorical picture of what might be called the modern subject character armor, a subjectivity abstraction as the cavalryman expresses the denial of the individuality of the human being, in favor of a subject-form capable to the modern life, a subject that has actions and thoughts in line with the modern rhythm, accepting the experienced reality without making friction with it / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

The purpose of this study is to determine. whether Charles Dickens's educational theories in England during the nineteenth century are conclusively juxtaposed to John Holt's educational theories in America during the twentieth century. Chapter One introduces the proposition and states the general nature of the discussion in -subsequent chapters. Chapter Two presents a history of economic conditions in nineteenth-century England and shows how its evolution influenced Dickens's educational theories. Chapter Three discusses the economic conditions in twentieth-century America, the moral crisis- and its affect on youth, and Holt's theories of how children fail and how they learn. Chapter Four synthesizes Dickens's and Holt's -theories and establishes that their philosophies and aims in the field of education are closely juxtaposed.

The works published by Giovanni Verga (1840-1922) between 1878 and 1889 exposed Italian culture to the most innovative European literary trend, French Naturalism, and marked a turning point in the landscape of Italian literature. While Verga’s stylistic choices are meant to create, in his own words, ‘the complete illusion of reality’ (having the author disappear from the text in order to make way for a supposedly unmediated representation), I argue that Verga’s Verist fiction ends up emphasizing precisely the ways in which people represent reality according to their own relative point of view. Since the narrative is given from the unreliable perspective of the characters, all the distortions inherent in every storytelling act become apparent. Their viewpoint is purposefully shown as being partial and informed by individual interests, feelings, and desires. These complex dynamics of representation, or misrepresentation, in Verga’s Verist production are at the heart of my enquiry. This critical focus allows me to reevaluate the traditional representation of Verism and Naturalism as backward-looking phenomena, firmly tied to a notion of art as a mirror up to nature. The present study is situated within a growing body of work (inaugurated by Luperini, Pellini, and Merola) that intends to re-frame Verga as having demonstrably paved the way for twentieth-century Modernism. The first chapter interrogates the way in which space is transfigured by characters in I Malavoglia (1881). By looking at how narratives of country vs city, past vs present are formed and shaped by the characters’ relative points of view, I argue that the novel should be read not simply as the account of the modernization of a rural village in post-unification Italy, but mainly as a study into how such oppositional narratives are formed and what aims they serve. The second chapter focuses on a specific character-type, the malevolent observer. I argue that this figure can be seen as a representation of the readers in the texts and that it is instrumental in exemplifying Verga’s skepticism toward the heuristic potential of literature. The third chapter examines the gap between reality and representation as articulated in Mastro-don Gesualdo (1889) by situating Verga in a completely new intellectual framework, that of elite theory as formulated by political theorist Gaetano Mosca (1858-1941) and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923). This move allows me to re-read what has become a commonplace of Verga criticism – the theatrical conception of politics in Mastro-don Gesualdo as a bitter commentary on trasformismo – as a much wider point on social history, human nature, and on the inherently slippery essence of language, on its built-in capacity to deceive and dissimulate.

Ese trabajo se divide en dos partes y propone hacer una lectura de La mansión de Araucaíma, de Álvaro Mutis, en dos niveles. La primer parte se centra en el primer nivel, que corresponde a la historia relatada por el narrador y refiere cómo es la vida en la mansión de Araucaíma, que se constituye como la de un claustro que recibe su orden de la relación constante que mantiene con lo sagrado. En esta sección se ve cómo el lenguaje construye una atmósfera ritual, grave y trascendente. El segundo nivel observa no solo la historia, sino al narrador contándola. Este, mediante una operación paródica del lenguaje, cuestionará lo afirmado en el primer nivel: no hay un universo divino que ratifique el orden de vida en la mansión, por lo que toda ritualidad se demuestra vana y condenada al fracaso. Esta investigación concluye que el relato se presenta como un juego, en el que el lenguaje construye a la vez que destruye. De esta manera, se niega toda presencia trascendental y tranquilizadora que le confiera orden y estructura al universo.

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The outline of lessons in animal production, as made in the following pages, was planned with two aims in view: first, to suggest a skeleton for a lesson in each phase of livestock which should be taught in Virginia; and second, to suggest to the agricultural instructors some of the best textbooks and bulletins which can be used to advantage in working out the daily lessons. / Master of Science

This trans-disciplinary and [trans-modal] dissertation practices the work of inclusive design that students of music (do or do not) encounter as part of their music education. Using inclusive design practices focused on the domains of the written word, the auditory-aural artifact, and the artistic-visual artifact, this work reflects upon three schools of pedagogy and philosophy within the broader academy, primarily not found in the musical academy. The schools of humanism, liberation, and transformation are considered as objects-subjects of reflection utilizing four authors (James Cone, Paolo Freire, Jack Mezirow, and Bertrand Russell); this work is rooted in the practice of critical reflection as understood through the lens of the author Stephen Brookfield. The authors’ assets were collected through analog and digital booksellers and analog and digital library available databases; the author consumed accessibility and accommodative digital programs to aid the researcher. Three themes emerged as follows: one, humanity has largely been excluded from the study of music education, resulting in an intensely human invention often resulting in inhumane practices and theories; two, transformation is a fundamental component of musical education, in that it studies humans transforming both words and music, as well as subsequent performances being transformations of what was to what can be (again); and, three, liberation is the implicit goal at the center of musical education, in that being a music educator is an attempt to liberate the musicianship innate to the human existence from the oppression the body has consumed. Each of these themes written as separate chapters closes with a pedagogy-philosophy of the chapter’s theme. The dissertation concludes with a reflection on music education in light of the pedagogies and philosophies examined. Keywords: Music, ethnography, reflection, philosophy, pedagogy, Humanity, liberation, transformation