Inasmuch as this study is concerned primarily with state school administration and an educational survey concerned with administration, it appears proper to devote some attention to the evolution of these two things. The first consideration will be given to the development of state educational administration. When grants were made by congress to the various states for educational purposes, the responsibilities of administration went to the states. The state administrative systems evolved as a natural process. Cubberley traces this development from the time the boards consisted of ex officio state officers entirely, through the time when school men were ex officio members, on to the time when most obards were a combination of the two types, and finally shows the transition to the lay-appointive boards now approved in theory if not entirely in practice. It is the purpose of the writer of this study to determine, as may be possible, changes have taken place regarding certain aspects of state educational administration in Utah as viewed in terms of the recommendations made in 1926 by the survey staff. The attempt will be made not only to determine the changes as evidenced by the status of educational administration at present but also to trace changes that have been made during the period concerned. When no changes have been made, such facts will be shown. There is no intention to attempt to cover all phases of the original survey, because of the practical impossibility of doing so. It is intended that effort shall be directed toward that part of the survey which is concerned with administration by the state as governed by constitutional provisions, legislation, state board rulings, and opinions of the attorny general. Specifically, it is intended to relate the four factors mentioned above to changes which have come in the status and functions of the following: 1. State Board of Education, 2. State Superintendent of Public Insturction, 3. State Department of Education, 4. Financial equalization. It is not intended to attempt to show that changes have been made as a result of the recommendations made in 1926; rather it is intended to indicated the changes that have or have not been made in terms of the recomendations that were made by the survey staff.

A review of the secondary literature written on Rilke’s poetry reveals that his earliest work has scarcely been dealt with. This fact is not astounding considering that the poet found literary acclaim only in his more mature period. In those cases, however, in which Rilke’s first poetry has been examined, it is approached outside the context of later developments. This paper is based on the thesis that a vital continuous thread which begins with Jugendstil and extends into his most mature poetry, runs through Rilke’s work as regards life style and art theory. Many of his most typical symbols - and he is a representative of the Symbolist movement -can be traced back to Jugendstil Angel, Love, Dancer and Death, for example. A thorough analysis of Rilke’s poetry cannot be undertaken without consideration of his early dependence upon Jugendstil especially because such symbols are newly interpreted Jugendstil themes. The aim of this paper is therefore the exploration of this dependence as exemplified in Rilke's early poetry, thus providing a basis from which a comprehensive interpretation of Rilke's person and work can be realized. As to the method of investigation: In order to show what exactly made Rilke a Jugendstil poet it was necessary to extend the subject matter examined to include not only his poetry and essays, but also statements made by him in letters and diaries and statements made about him by his acquaintances and to relate these to the cultural and intellectual history of the turn of the century and the Jugendstil tradition.

It is the purpose of this thesis to show that literary interpretation and translation are closely interrelated, that the translator cannot pursue his goal, the transfer of a work of literature from one language into another, without interpreting that work as literature.

The topic of this thesis is the problem of love in the work and life of Rainer Maria Rilke, especially his notion of “non-possessive love” which has given rise to a great deal of controversy in the Rilke-Literature. The essential motive underlying the thesis is my concern for the relationship between art and life, and specifically the conflict between the demands of intellectual and spiritual development and the biological-social imperatives to which the artist, like all human beings, is subject. To speak in general terms, my interest in Rilke’s view of love is part of a broad study of alienated and rebellious individualists, bent on developing themselves at all costs in an environment which is hostile to their inner impulses, and for whom the problem of love has been a focal point of their conflict with themselves and the world. The view of love put forth by such individualists as Kierkegaard, Baudelaire, Nietzsche, Shaw, Unamuno, Camus, Sartre, - to name only a few authors mentioned in my bibliography – despite their many individual variations, have at least these characteristics in common: they are penetrating, uncompromising, unsentimental and disquieting. The same holds true for Rilke’s view of love. Rilke emphatically opposed the values implicit and explicit in the notions and practices of his culture in the areas of the relations between the sexes, the institution of marriage, the status of women and the function of sex in the life of the individual. Furthermore, his own experience, which, as he often pointed out, was by no means meant to be exemplary or typical, led him to investigate and reflect upon the nature of love as a principle of nature and of the human psyche. The fruit of this preoccupation was a fascinating, very complicated body of writings in which the problem of love plays a major role. In investigating this theme my primary aim has been to accurately represent and illuminate what Rilke meant by his provocative and often obscure statements about love; that is, it is first and foremost and interpretative paper.

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A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Artsin Political Studies by Creative Writing to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, March 2019 / Set in the context of a post-Apartheid South Africa, this research report constitutes a Foucauldian analysis of how state institutional support for SMME resonates with neoliberal governmentality and the consequent attempt to prompt the post-Apartheid subject. Relevant herein, are the state institutions that are mandated to further the states initiative of enterprise development. Primarily making use of archival analysis, policy data from these institutions were sought out and analysed. Analysing enterprise development from a historical perspective, it is evident that intentions have evolved with regard to two factors. Firstly, the ever-permeating growth in the promotion of ‘entrepreneurial culture’; and secondly, the differentiation of targeted subjects. Through studying these findings, it is argued that there is an attempt by the state to condition entrepreneurial subjectivities. It can further be argued that, as a consequent to the former, the agenda of the state is to outsource fiscal liabilities to informal markets. This research report ultimately constitutes a Foucauldian interpretation of these two cardinal findings. / NG (2020)

I denna uppsats studerar jag hur dagspressen formerar identitetskategorierna strejkande och strejkbrytare under en period av nio veckor, då strejken vid Wahlgren & Nordqvists papperslager i Malmö utspelade sig, år 1926. Vid nämnda strejk anställde arbetsgivaren strejkbrytare för att försvaga fackföreningens och de strejkande arbetarnas förhandlingsposition. Detta ledde till att konflikten trappades upp och stora demonstrationer utspelade sig i Limhamn där strejkbrytarna inlogerades. I dagspressen uppstod meningsstrid mellan framförallt den socialdemokratiska tidningen Arbetet och den moderata Skånska Aftonbladet där man tog ut sina positioner för att antingen legitimera eller delegitimera strejken. I denna meningsstrid var formeringen av identitetskategorierna strejkande och strejkbrytare centrala. Arbetet formerar identiteterna arbetare och strejkande till en och samma kategori för att skapa en solidaritet inom arbetargemenskapen. Denna identitetskategori framställer man sedan som skötsam, förnuftig och icke-våldsam. Identitetskategorin strejkbrytare formeras som en motpol till detta, därigenom exkluderar också Arbetet strejkbrytarna ur arbetargemenskapen. För att problematisera Arbetets bild av arbetare som skötsamma, förnuftiga och icke-våldsamma lyfter jag in den kommunistiska tidningen Folkets Dagblad Politiken. I Skånska Aftonbladet skapar man en gräns inom arbetarklassen vilken skiljer på skötsamma och egensinniga arbetare. Skånska Aftonbladet betonar de egensinnigas våld och irrationalitet för att därigenom exkludera dessa ur arbetargemenskapen och stigmatisera dem. De arbetsvilliga, som strejkbrytarna benämns i Skånska Aftonbladet, placeras till den skötsamma delen av arbetarklassen.