Orientador: Jose Graziano da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T21:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veras_EdimilsonCorreia_D.pdf: 7694116 bytes, checksum: 3546904e5849fbf386fec3a071878a2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Esta tese analisou o comportamento da economia no Nordeste, tomando por base a intervenção do Estado no período 1960 a 1980. Neste intervalo de tempo, o PIB cresceu a taxa média de 6,3%, provocando importantes transformações na economia da região: industrialização e significativa escansão de sua intra-estrutura socioeconômica. No entanto, o processo de modernização da agricultura discriminou a maior parte do território nordestino, beneficiando quase que somente uma estreita faixa de terra compreendida pelo litoral, zona da mata e tabuleiros costeiros. Nos Estados mais ao Norte: Maranhão, Piauí, Ceara e Rio Grande do Norte, as áreas onde se explora agricultura moderna são verdadeiros oásis e se localizam em torno das capitais dos Estados e nas serras úmidas. As condições de vida da população não melhoraram significativamente, o Nordeste continuou sendo o maior bolsão de pobreza do Pais. As secas periódicas permaneceram gerando milhares de flagelados. A SUDENE, que até 1964 era a esperança para resolver os grandes problemas do Nordeste, transformou-se em mais uma agencia governamental - que cresceu exageradamente em termos de organização burocrática com ação de impacto apenas no que diz respeito a administração dos incentivos fiscais. / Abstract: This thesis analised the behaviour of the economy of the Northeast part of Brazil, focusing on the intervention of the State from 1960 to 1980. During this period of time, the GNP has risen in an average rate of 6,3% causing important changings in the economy of the region: industrialization and significant expansion of its socio-economic substructure. However, the process of agriculture modernization has discriminated a great part of the North-East States, improving almost only a narrow extent of the land, within the limits of the coast forest zone and barren tablelands coast. In the North-costwards States such as: Maranhão, Piaui, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, the areas where modern agriculture is developed, are Known to be real, oasis and are located in the surroundings of the States and at the humid ridges. The population level of life was; not expressively improved, and the Northeast part of Brezil continued to be the biggest land of poverty of the country the periodic droughts remained causing thousands of misfortumed. The SUDENE, that until 1964 was the hope, for solving the big problems of the Northeast region, became a govern agency - that overgrew enormously in burocratic organization with an impact only when we refer to management of taxes incentive. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Orientador: Jose Carlos de Souza Braga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T01:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlmeidaFilho_Niemeyer_D.pdf: 9002098 bytes, checksum: 60bda588176495d5df7b7a27a0dc7f85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Doutorado / Doutor em Economia

no abstract provided by author / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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The objective of this investigation was to determine the sensitivity of three selected input parameters in the operational control of continuous bottan-fed thickeners used for the treatment of coal refuse slurries. The three variable paramenters were "Feed Flow Rate," "Feed pH," and "Feed Solids Concentration." These three input parameters were studied under three polymeric conditions. The X-ray analysis of underflow refuse samples from two coal preparation plants showed that the samples contained clays of various types. Kaolinite type clay was chosen as the feed material in this investigation. The static settling tests on the kaolinite-water suspensions using polymers showed that slurries with 5.0% or less feed solids concentration could be separated by all the polymeric conditions (cationic, anionic, and cationic-anionic). The continous solid-liquid separation in the laboratory thickener showed that a 3.0% feed solids was the maximum feed solids concentration that could be used in the continuous thickener operation with the same polymeric conditions. The minimum feed solids concentration was 1.0% solids. The feed pH ranged from 5.0 to 10.0, and the feed flow rate ranged from 915 to 2275 ml/min. The collective determination of the most and least sensitive variables was based on an experimental design procedure, employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to develop mathematical models for the thickener control. The three polymeric conditions used were, cationic polymer, anionic polymer, and a combination of cationic-anionic polymer. For each polymeric condition, two mathematical models were developed: one for overflow response, the other for underflow response. The formation of small flocs by the cationic polymer produced a sludge bed which prevented the particles from escaping into the overflow. The movement of the sludge bed was rapid. To prevent the bed from passing a pre-determined height, the underflow pump was "on" during most of the experimental time. This situation brought a low solids underflow, but the desired quality of the overflow was reasonably good. The anionic polymer did not produce a good overflow, because neutralization of the surface charges did not occur and a sludge bed never formed. This condition left the underflow pump "off" at all times, except when samples were to be withdrawn for the analysis. Overflow was the worst quality compared to the other polymeric conditions. The underflow quality was better than the underflow of the cationic tests, and almost as good as the underflow with the combination polymer. The use of the combination cationic-anionic polymer produced large floes immediately, because of the surface charge neutralization and bridging action that occurred. The time allowed for this action was longer for low to medium flow rates, producing larger flocs which settled and prevented the formation of a sludge bed. However, the desired quality of overflow and underflow remained good. For the majority of the runs with combination polymer, the underflow pump was "off" at all times, except when samples were withdrawn for the analysis. The overflow and underflow quality was the best desired quality for the combination polymer when compared to the results obtained utilizing the cationic and the anionic polymers separately. The input variables were used to develop six mathematical models. With the aid of the models, contour plots of the main responses were generated; that is, the "suspended solids in the overflow" and the "percent solids in the underflow." The plots gave regions of the best thickener performance within the wide variations of the three mentioned input variables. The plots would allow an operator to control and/or adjust any of the three variables to achieve optimum conditions. The combination polymers produced the best desired quality of overflow and underflow. For this polymeric condition, changes in the feed solids concentration was the most sensitive factor in the maintenance of the overflow quality, and the feed pH was the most sensitive factor for the maintenance of the underflow quality. The role of the feed flow rate for the maintenance of both overflow and underflow quality was proved to be moderate. / Ph. D.

The acceptability and digestibility of mixtures containing selected fats of animal, vegetable and blended sources were studied. Ten fat containing mixtures were fed to Saddlebred horses in cafeteria style palatability trials and ranked according to preference. Preference ranking of the fats from highest to lowest is as follows: corn oil, blend no. 1, cottonseed oil, inedible tallow and fancy bleached tallow. When the most preferred fats from each classification (animal, vegetable and blended) were offered in single mixture palatability trails, no significant difference was observed in consumption. In Digestion Experiment I three fats, corn oil, blend no. 3 and inedible tallow, were added to an alfalfa and grain diet at the 102 level. The apparent digestibility of fatty acids in corn oil when calculated by difference, was higher than an inedible tallow or blend no. 3. The apparent digestibility of energy in corn oil calculated by difference, was 95.4%. However, this value was not different from that of inedible tallow and blend no. 3. The addition and kind of fat did not affect the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber or apparent absorption of minerals. Blood serum levels of total fatty acids, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and glucose were not affected by the addition of the fats. However, serum cholesterol levels were increased (P <.05) by addition of fat. In Digestion Experiment II, feeding four fats (corn oil, peanut oil, inedible tallow and blend no. 3) at two levels (7.5 and 152%) was studied. When the apparent digestibility of fatty acids in the diet was calculated by difference, the average values were higher for corn oil and peanut oil, but the differences were not significant. The true digestibility of fatty acids showed all fat sources and levels were digested similarly. The apparent digestibility of diet energy was increased by the addition of the fats. The energy of diets containing corn oil had higher (P <.05) digestibilities than those containing inedible tallow or blend no. 3. As in Experiment I, there was no difference in energy digestibility of the added fats when calculated by difference. There was no depression of calcium absorption due to kind or level of added fat. Apparent absorption of phosphorus was not affected by type of level of added fat. Apparent absorption of magnesium was higher (P <.05) for the basal diet and those diets containing blend no. 3. Blood serum levels of total fatty acids, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, cholesterol and glucose were not affected by the addition or type of fat. / Ph. D.