The design of modern high-performance aircraft is toward increased aerodynamic efficiency, decreased structural weight, and higher flight speeds. Preliminary designs often exhibit a flutter instability within the desired operating envelope of the aircraft. Passive methods which have been used to solve the flutter problem include added structural stiffness, mass balancing, and speed restrictions. These methods may result in significant weight penalties. Studies by Boeing (ref. 1) show that weight penalties as high as 2 to 4% of the total structural weight may be required to solve the flutter problem passively by increasing the structural stiffness. Therefore, there is considerable interest in alternative methods of increasing the flutter speed beyond the original unaided value. / Master of Science

M.S.

Bioenergetic measurements were made on adult, lactating females, and growing juvenile pine voles. Adult pine voles showed a seasonal cycle in daily maintenance energy requirements. Winter was energetically the most expensive season. Requirements during the summer season were the lowest of all seasons. There was no significant difference in the daily energy requirements between adult male or female voles except during the summer season. Nesting material was found to be an important insulator asset which significantly depressed total daily energy requirements of adults. The period of lactation among female pine voles was energetically very demanding. The average lactating female and her litter required 47.5 percent more metabolizable energy than nonbreeding adult females of equivalent bodyweight. The net conversion of metabolized energy into tissue production during the period of lactation was extremely high among lactating female pine voles. Production efficiency was estimated to be 26.0 percent over 21 days of lactation. Production efficiency of lactating female pine voles was considerably higher than estimates derived for other vole species. Juvenile pine voles between the ages of 22-46 days had metabolizable energy requirements which were similar to those of an adult. Over the 24 days of postnatal development, the average juvenile pine vole metabolized 282 kcal of energy of which 25.8 kcal was deposited as tissue. The overall efficiency of production in juvenile voles was 9.2 percent which was considerably higher than estimates derived for other species of voles. A lignin analysis of stomach contents showed a distinct seasonal cycle in the digestibility of foods consumed by voles from the maintained and abandoned apple orchard. The highest digestibilities coincided with the maturation of the apple crop. The quantity of primary production available during the winter was lowest of all seasons. It was estimated that the amount of primary production available to pine voles during the winter season could support 994 nonreproducing adult voles per hectare in the maintained orchard and 147 nonreproducing adult voles per hectare in the abandoned apple orchard. / Master of Science

A multi-market model relating the variance of relative price changes to unanticipated inflation and real income was developed by Richard Parks for an article in the Journal of Political Economy. Parks used annual data in his estimation, and his use of the current rate of inflation as a predictor for next period's rate was rather simplistic. In this paper, his model was tested with two alternative specifications for anticipated inflation and with quarterly rather than annual data for the period 1947 through 1978. Anticipated inflation was estimated by (1) a time-series of past interest rates, and (2) a time-series of past inflation rates and the money supply. The multi-market model was estimated by employing the Cochrane-Orcutt iterative technique. The regression results gave additional support for Parks' model, but the respective roles for the two causal variables, unanticipated inflation, and real income, were reversed. Unanticipated inflation was seen to have a stronger effect in the quarterly data than it had in Parks' estimation with annual data. Relative price changes that result from an inflation that is unanticipated was said to be a temporary phenomenon. This was suggested to be the reason for the role reversal of the two causal variables because a temporary relationship such as the model attempts to estimate would be expected to show itself more significantly in quarterly data than it would in annual data. It was also suggested that unanticipated inflation may play a role in the persistence of staflation. / M.A.

Parmi les problèmes relatifs au fonctionnement des organisations universitaires, le cloisonnement des structures a été perçu comme étant à l'origine de plusieurs difficultés dans l'administration de ces organisations. Certains estiment que le cloisonnement des unîtes d'enseignement, des unités de recherche et des services auxiliaires à ces unités peut introduire des lourdeurs dans les mécanismes de coordination entre ces unités, et, à l'intérieur de celles-ci, provoquer un manque de collaboration dans les activités requises pair la gestion de l'ensemble de l'organisation universitaire. Cette situation peut entraîner des difficultés de communication et même des conflits entre les unités elles-mêmes, entre les unités de base et la structure d'autorité hiérarchique, de même qu'entre l'ensemble de l'organisation et l'environnement dans lequel elle s'inscrit. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser le problème du cloisonnement au sein des organisations universitaires à partir de différentes approches théoriques qui ont été développées surtout dans le contexte nord-américain. Six modèles d'analyse servant à étudier les organisations universitaires complexes ont été particulièrement utilisés» Ces modèles qui contribuent à mettre en relief certains aspects des organisations universitaires seront reconstitués brièvement. On tentera par la suite d'en dégager les implications en relation avec le problème du cloisonnement et de voir quel éclairage ces modèles sont susceptibles de projeter sur ce problème. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la position du problème du cloisonnaient des structures à partir des premières perceptions que les agents des organisations universitaires peuvent avoir du problème. On définit le problème du cloisonnement comme un phénomène de compartimentage des activités à l'intérieur d'une structure organisationnelle, à l'existence de compartiments étanches, isolés et mal articulés les uns par rapport aux autres. Le cloisonnement des structures est considéré par plusieurs comme un élément pathologique au sein des organisations universitaires. Il est permis de se demander cependant s'il n'est pas Inhérent au mode de fonctionnement de ces organisations. Les perspectives d'analyse que nous développerons feront ressortir qu'il pourrait aussi être vu te une ressource au sein de ces organisations. L'objectif du deuxième chapitre est précisément de reconstituer ces perspectives ou modèles d'analyse. C'est à partir de ces cadres de référence que le problème du cloisonnement sera analysé. On commencera par le modèle de la communauté collégiale pour ensuite utiliser le: modèle bureaucratique et celui de la bureaucratie professionnelle. Suivront le modèle politique, celui du contrôle externe des organisations et enfin celui de "l'anarchie organisée". Dans le troisième chapitre, les résultats de l'analyse effectuée à partir de chacun des modèles seront résumés. Cette dernière partie a pour objectif de reconstituer, à partir des modèles d'analyse, une nouvelle image du cloisonnement des structures au sein des organisations universitaires. Le cloisonnement ne cessera pas pour autant d'apparaître problématique, même s'il apparaîtra aussi comme une ressource ou comme un mode de fonctionnement inhérent au type d'organisation qui caractérise les universités dans le contexte nord-américain. Toutefois il ne pourra plus être perçu uniquement comme un mode de fonctionnement exclusivement pathologique. Vu sous l'angle d'une ressource, le cloisonnement peut avoir des conséquences qui n'apparaissent pas toujours très clairement et que ce travail ne pourra pas nécessairement clarifier. Nous nous interrogerons sur les approches qui permettraient de parvenir à une meilleure compréhension de ce problème et nous identifierons des pistes de recherche susceptibles d'orienter de nouvelles recherches sur la question. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 1er février 2024) / La validité de la connaissance contemporaine est de moins en moins claire, certaine. Considérant l'impact de la réduction logique sur la transmission des connaissances, le savoir se transforme en ignorance et en croyance. Comment garantir la validité de la connaissance ? Loin des courants philosophiques traditionnels, Piaget rejeta la division entre connaissance scientifique et connaissance commune. En marge des courants philosophiques traditionnels, les travaux de Piaget proposent une compréhension alternative des notions de validité et de vérité épistémiques et épistémologiques au niveau de l'acquisition, de la validation, de la mise en application et de la fiabilité des connaissances. Se basant sur l'interprétation constructiviste radicale d'Ernst von Glasersfeld ainsi que de l'analyse holistique exhaustive de Marie-Françoise Legendre, ce travail revient aux sources fondamentales (souvent mal comprises) et explore cette notion piagétienne de la « connaissance valable ». Pour l'expliquer, nous avons dégagé « certaines » prémisses fondamentales (mais non les seules) du corpus piagétien et des travaux d'épistémologie génétique afin d'en constituer une "théorie des limites". Ancrées dans les fondements psychobiologiques développementaux de la connaissance, nous avons ainsi proposé une philosophie constructiviste dans un contexte de résolution de problème et d'adaptation psychobiologique. Ceci nous mena à envisager une méta-épistémologie normative portant sur l'application des connaissances afin d'y intégrer la notion de programme épistémologique. Notions associées : constructivisme, structuralisme, biologie de la connaissance, autorégulation, équilibration, assimilation, accommodation, phénocopie, pseudophénocopie, évolution variationnelle, évolution organisatrice, égocentrisme, décentration, connaissance valable, vérité, épistémologie génétique, psychologie génétique, validité épistémologique, validité épistémique, fiabilité épistémologique, processus d'objectivation, objectivation, dialectique, épistémologie, méta-épistémologie, logique épistémologique, logistique, déduction, induction, transduction, etc. Les auteurs principaux identifiés dans la thèse sont Jean Piaget, Marie-Françoise Legendre, Ernst von Glasersfeld, Edgar Morin, Jean-Louis Le Moigne, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, John Broadus Watson, Robert Nadeau, Willard Van Orman Quine, Ilya Prigogine et Philippe Lestage. / The validity of contemporary knowledge is becoming increasingly unclear and uncertain. Considering the impact of logical reduction on the transmission of knowledge, our understanding of reality transforms into ignorance and belief. How can we ensure the validity of knowledge ? Far from traditional philosophical currents, Piaget rejected the division between scientific knowledge and common knowledge. Alongside non-traditional philosophical currents, Piaget's work offers an alternative understanding of epistemic and epistemological validity and truth at the levels of acquisition, validation, application, and reliability of knowledge. Based on the radical constructivist interpretation by Ernst von Glasersfeld and a comprehensive holistic analysis by Marie-Françoise Legendre, this work returns to the fundamental sources (often misunderstood) and explores Piaget's notion of "valid knowledge." To explain this, we have identified "certain" fundamental premises (but not limited to) from the Piagetian corpus and genetic epistemology works to form a "theory of limits." Grounded in the psychobiological developmental foundations of knowledge, we have proposed a constructivist philosophy in the context of problem-solving and psychobiological adaptation. This led us to consider a normative meta-epistemology regarding the application of knowledge, integrating the concept of an epistemological program. Associated concepts include constructivism, structuralism, biology of knowledge, selfregulation, autoregulation, equilibration, assimilation, accommodation, phenocopy, pseudophenocopy, variational evolution, organizing evolution, egocentrism, decentration, valuable knowledge, truth, genetic epistemology, genetic psychology, epistemological validity, epistemic validity, epistemological reliability, objectification process, objectification, dialectic, epistemology, meta-epistemology, epistemological logic, logistic, deduction, induction, transduction, etc. The main authors identified in the thesis are Jean Piaget, Marie-Françoise Legendre, Ernst von Glasersfeld, Edgar Morin, Jean-Louis Le Moigne, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, John Broadus Watson, Robert Nadeau, Willard Van Orman Quine, Ilya Prigogine and Philippe Lestage.

A presente pesquisa pretendeu estudar a questão da indisciplina/disciplina em oficinas de jogos, tendo como objetivo identificar ações de indisciplina em crianças nestes contextos. O estudo foi feito no Laboratório de Psicopedagogia (LaPp), do Departamento de Psicologia da Aprendizagem, do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, do Instituto de Psicologia, da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram observadas ao longo de um ano e meio (2005-2006), três crianças: duas com 10 anos e uma, 11 anos. Caracterizamos do ponto de vista conceitual os aspectos de disciplina (atenção / concentração, respeito e persistência) e indisciplina (desatenção / dispersão, desrespeito, trapaça e desistência) tanto numa perspectiva teórica como numa perspectiva prática (entrevistando profissionais deste Laboratório). Desta forma, as observações relativas à indisciplina das crianças foram analisadas pelas categorias de: desatenção/dispersão, desrespeito às regras dos jogos ou atividades, desrespeito às regras da oficina, desrespeito aos colegas, trapaça e desistência. Como resultados, verificamos que as atitudes mais observadas nos três sujeitos foram de desrespeito e a menos observada de trapaça; em relação à freqüência das ações de indisciplina de cada criança, pudemos verificar que dois dos sujeitos observados (C2 e C3) agiram com relativa indisciplina no primeiro semestre, aumentaram as ações de indisciplina no segundo semestre e reduziram drasticamente essas ações no terceiro semestre. C1 manteve praticamente a mesma quantidade de ações indisciplinadas no primeiro e segundo semestre, mas também as reduziu drasticamente no terceiro semestre. Ao final (terceiro semestre), as três crianças estavam mais familiarizadas com o sistema de regras e, de uma maneira geral, passaram a atribuir valor ao fato de triunfarem nas tarefas propostas, buscaram melhorar seus desempenhos e expandir a si próprias (com valores positivos), e, conseqüentemente, agiram com menos indisciplina. Discutimos que os jogos são excelentes meios para se observar o prejuízo das ações de indisciplina. Consideramos estas ações negativas, porque dificultam a realização bem sucedida das atividades pretendidas. Por fim, verificamos que as oficinas de jogos constituem um espaço no qual, além de as crianças ampliarem seus recursos cognitivos, são desenvolvidas atitudes favoráveis à aprendizagem, que requerem, dentre outros, o desenvolvimento de ações de disciplina. / This research intended studying the indiscipline/discipline issue in games workshops, aiming the identification of childrens indiscipline actions in those contexts. The study was carried out at the Psycho-pedagogic Laboratory (Laboratório de Psicopedagogia (LaPp)), at the Department of Learning Psychology and Personality Development, in the Institute of Psychology at the University of Sao Paulo. Three children, two with 10 years old and one with 11 years old, were observed along one and a half year (2005-2006). From the conceptual point of view, the discipline aspects (attention/concentration, respect, and persistency), and indiscipline (lack of attention/concentration, dispersion, disrespect, cheating, and quitting) were characterized, both in a theoretical perspective and in a practical perspective (interviewing the aforementioned laboratorys professionals). This way, the observations regarding the childrens indiscipline were analyzed according to the following categories: attention deficit/dispersion, disrespect to the rules of the game or activity, disrespect to the workshops rules, disrespect to colleagues, cheating, and quitting. As a result, we verified that the attitude most often observed in the three subjects was disrespect and the least present attitude was cheating; regarding the frequency of indiscipline actions in each child, we were able to substantiate that two of the observed subjects (C2 e C3) acted with relative indiscipline in the first semester, built up indiscipline actions in the second semester and drastically lessened those actions at the third semester. C1 not only kept practically the same amount of indiscipline actions in the first and second semesters, but also reduced them dramatically at the third semester. At the end (third semester), the three children became familiarized with the set of rules and, in general, seemed to value the fact that they were fulfilling the proposed tasks, seeking to improve their performance and expand themselves (with positive values), and, consequently, acting with less indiscipline. We point out that games are an excellent way to observe the harm of indiscipline actions. We find these actions hindering, for they obstruct the realization of successful intended activities. Last, we concluded that games workshops constitute an opportunity for children to broaden their cognitive resources, developing attitudes that foster learning, which also leads to the development of discipline actions, among other favorable aspects.

Le 11 mars 1990 marque la fin du régime autoritaire de Pinochet qui dura environ 17 années. Ce jour les nouvelles autorités démocratiques prirent leurs fonctions débutant ainsi le processus de consolidation démocratique. Même avant le changement de régime, autrement dit pendant le processus de transition à la démocratie, se mit en évidence qu'un des principaux défis des gouvernements démocratiques devait être la suppression des enclaves autoritaires. Ceux-ci, fissurent et dénaturent un régime démocratique en permettant que certaines institutions et/ou acteurs déterminent les limites de la consolidation démocratique.Dans cette recherche nous analysons les effets de deux types de d'enclaves autoritaires, les institutionnels et celles des acteurs. Par rapport au premier type d'enclaves nous décidons d'analyser la Constitution de 1980, le système électoral binominal et la Loi d'Amnistie de 1978. En particulier il nous intéresse d'observer comment ils furent supprimés, désarticulés, neutralisés ou annulés pendant la consolidation démocratique. Quant au second type d'enclaves nous décidons d'analyser le comportement des juges de la Cour Suprême, l'armée et quelques secteurs à l’intérieur des partis politiques de la droite chilienne. Notre attention est destinée à déterminer si ces acteurs éprouvèrent un processus de mutation qui leur permettrait de se détacher de la connotation d'enclave autoritaire. / March 11th of 1990 marks the end of Pinochet´s authoritarian regime, which lasted about 17 years. That day the new democratic authorities took office thereby initiating the process of democratic consolidation. Before the change of regime, during the process of transition to democracy, it became clear that one of the main challenges of the democratic government would be the elimination of authoritarian enclaves. These erode and undermine a democratic regime allowing certain institutions and/or stakeholders to determine the limits of democratic consolidation.In this research we analyze what happened with two types of authoritarian enclaves, institutional and stakeholder. Regarding the first type of enclave we decided to analyze the Constitution of 1980, the binominal electoral system and the Amnesty Law of 1978. We were particularly interested in seeing how these were suppressed, unarticulated, neutralized or canceled during the democratic consolidation. As for the second type of enclave we chose to analyze the behavior of the judges of the Supreme Court, the Army and some sectors within the political parties of the Chilean right. Our attention was aimed at determining if these stakeholders had undergone a process of change that allowed them to get rid of the connotation of the authoritarian enclave.

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o conceito da destituição subjetiva tal como Jacques Lacan a define com relação ao final de análise a partir dos anos sessenta. A partir da consideração do personagem Jacques Maast do livro O Guerreiro Aplicado de Jean Paulhan de 1917, apresentado por Lacan como referência para a destituição subjetiva, levantamos a questão sobre como se sustenta a vivência desse personagem no laço social, uma vez que após o final da análise o sujeito desejante, em sua negatividade, ainda assim está exposto à constante interpelação do Outro da Ideologia (no caso de Jacques Maast, a guerra) / The objective of this work is to study the concept of the subjective destitution such as Jacques Lacan defines it with relation to the end of analysis from the Sixties. From the consideration of the personage Jacques Maast of the book The Applied Warrior of Jean Paulhan of 1917, presented for Lacan as reference for the subjective destitution, we raise the question on as if it supports the experience of this personage in the social bow, a time that after the end of the analysis the wisheThe objective of this work is to study the concept of the subjective destitution such as Jacques Lacan defines it with relation to the end of analysis from the Sixties. From the consideration of the personage Jacques Maast of the book The Applied Warrior of Jean Paulhan of 1917, presented for Lacan as reference for the subjective destitution, we raise the question on as if it supports the experience of this personage in the social bow, a time that after the end of the analysis the wishes subject, in its negativity, still thus is displayed to the constant interpellation of the Other of the Ideology (in the case of Jacques Maast, the war)s subject, in its negativity, still thus is displayed to the constant interpellation of the Other of the Ideology (in the case of Jacques Maast, the war)

本文以顧頡剛為中心，結合家世、交游、入黨等方面探討其前半生的學術與事業，追蹤其個人思想之演變，並從中反映晚清至民國的學術與時代變遷。與一般傳記式的研究不同，本文著重利用新近出版的材料，通過史料的審定和互證，糾正以往論說的偏見與不足，展現顧頡剛疑古思想的具體形成與動態變化之過程。本文主體可大致分為兩部分，第一部分包括第一、二章，論述疑古思想形成以前顧頡剛的人生閱歷。從中可見早年顧頡剛的思想具有多樣性和過渡性的特點；而1912年加入中國社會黨的經歷對他事業心的發展則產生了深遠影響；再者，入讀北京大學期間，與胡適、傅斯年等人的交往也是其思想轉變的重要契機。第二部分包括第三、四章，主要講述古史辨運動的形成與經過。通過追溯顧頡剛認知清代學者崔述的具體過程可知，顧頡剛的疑古思想並非橫空出世，而是植根於傳統學術的新酒舊瓶。同時，本文通過回顧古史辨運動中對禹的問題的爭論，探討了該運動與近代史學發展之關聯。 / This thesis is an intellectual biography of Gu Jiegang (1893-1980), one of the most important historians in 20th-century China. By probing into Gu’s academic pursuit and career in the first half of his life in terms of family background, social network, Party membership, etc., the author tries to figure out how Gu’s personal thoughts evolved, thereby shedding light on the changes of academics and times from the late Qing Dynasty to Republic China. Unlike general biographical study, this thesis uses recently published materials, approves and mutually testifies historical records, with a view to correcting prejudices and deficiencies of past arguments and demonstrating the formation and dynamic change of Gu’s idea of ancient-doubting. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part includes Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, which mainly illustrates Gu’s life experience before the idea of ancient-doubting came into being. From this part, it can be seen that Gu’s early ideas were diversified and transitional. Later in 1912, he joined the Chinese Socialist Party, which exerted far-reaching influence on his dedication to career. Besides, Gu’s acquaintance with Hu Shi, Fu Sinian et al. at Peking University also fueled the change of his thoughts. The second part of this thesis (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4) is mainly about the emergence and process of the Movement to Study Ancient Chinese History Critically (Ku-shih-pien). By looking into Gu’s detailed cognition of Cui Shu, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, we can conclude that Gu’s idea of ancient-doubting was actually rooted in traditional Chinese historiography itself. In the meantime, this thesis reviews the debates on Yu during the Ku-shih-pien Movement and discusses its relation with modern historiographical development. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 李嘉荣. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-175). / Abstracts also in English. / Li Jiarong.